| 词条 | 1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists |
| 释义 |
| title = 1994 roadside attack on Magnolia News and Spin magazine journalists | date = {{start date|1994|5|1}} | time = 4:00 P.M. | timezone = | fatalities = 2 | injuries = 1 | perpetrators= Croats and Bosnian government troops | weapons = Land mines | motive = Land mines placed for a war with Bosnia }} In the 1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists on May Day during the Bosnian War, two journalists, Bryan Brinton and Francis William Tomasic, were killed by a landmine, and journalist and novelist William T. Vollmann was injured near Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1][2] Description{{Location map+|Bosnia and Herzegovina|relief=1 |width=280 |float=left |caption=Mostar is in Bosnia and Herzegovina and shown relative to its capital city Sarajevo. |alt=Location of Mostar |places= |lat_deg=43|lat_min=51|lat_sec=23.148|lat_dir=N |lon_deg=18|lon_min=24|lon_sec=48.312|lon_dir=E |label=Sarajevo |position=right}} |lat_deg=43|lat_min=51|lat_sec=23.148|lat_dir=N |lon_deg=18|lon_min=24|lon_sec=48.312|lon_dir=E |label=Sarajevo |position=right}} }}William T. Vollmann, Bryan Brinton, and Francis William Tomasic, United States journalists, were in a jeep driving through the north of Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina,[2][4][5] when they had driven off the main road in territory controlled by the Bosnian army.[1] While driving on this road, the vehicle ran over a landmine at around 4:00 p.m. on 1 May 1994.[3][4][5] The mine injured and hospitalized Vollmann and killed Brinton and Tomasic.[3][6][7] Bryan Brinton{{Infobox person| name = Bryan William Brinton | birth_date = {{birth date|1949|6|16|mf=y}} | birth_place = Crown Hill, Washington | death_date = {{death date and age|1994|5|1|1949|6|16|mf=y}} | death_place = Bosnia and Herzegovnia | death_cause = Land mines | body_discovered = {{date|1994-05-01|mdy}} | nationality = American | education = Shoreline Community College | occupation = Journalist | home_town = Crown Hill }}Bryan William Brinton, also known as William Ryan, (June 16, 1949{{spaced ndash}}May 1, 1994), grew up in Crown Hill, Washington. Brinton was the youngest of three brothers from the West Seattle area. He used the name William Ryan at times because it was his middle name and his mother's maiden name. Brinton was enlisted in the army from June 18, 1968 - March 20, 1971. He toured in the Vietnam War as a medic. After a breakup with a girlfriend when he was 44 years old, Brinton decided to study photojournalism at Shoreline Community College and become a freelance journalist. Brinton also had taken classes in another area of interest which was family therapy. He became passionate about photography and was hoping to one day pursue it full-time rather than landscaping. Brinton owned a landscaping business, Northwest Pacific Tree Service, for most of his adult life.[8] Brinton traveled to Bosnia and Herzegovina to gain access to press credentials.[9][10] There he contacted Magnolia News on April 25, 1994 from Croatia and offered his photographs in exchange for press credentials.[11] He wanted to take pictures in war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina.[12][8][13][14] Francis William Tomasic{{Infobox person| name = Francis William Tomasic | birth_date = {{birth date|1958|4|26|mf=y}} | birth_place = Indianapolis, Indiana | death_date = {{death date and age|1994|5|1|1958|4|26|mf=y}} | death_place = Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovnia | body_discovered = {{date|1994-05-01|mdy}} | resting_place = Island of Hvar, Dalmatian Coast | residence = Bloomington, Indiana | nationality = American | occupation = Journalist, photographer, and writer | notable_works = Where are all the Graves | parents = Carol Tomasic }} Francis William Tomasic (26 April 1958{{spaced ndash}}1 May 1994), a freelance photographer, age 36, was from Bloomington, Indiana, and attended high school there.[15] After high school, he got his degree in Serbo-Croatian language from Cornell University.[16] Tomasic was a friend of William T. Vollmann, they met while at Cornell University, where Vollmann studied Comparative Literature.[17] Both ended up on the trip to Bosnia.[17] Tomasic's father was a professor at Indiana University. He was of Croatian descent.[4] Tomasic was working as a freelance photographer and translator for Spin magazine.[16][18] His friends say that he was an aspiring journalist and that is what drew him to Bosnia and Herzegovina. A friend of Francis stated, "I think Fran thought that there might be some way to help people understand what was going on in Yugoslavia if some journalists could talk to the people at the helm."[19][16] ContextMostar was the location of the conflict between Bosnian Croats and Muslims. The land mine in which the vehicle ran over was near a dam at Salakovac, north of Mostar in Bosnia.[3][6] A U.N. Military spokesman stated the unrest in the area was the worst fights between Bosnian Serbs and U.N. forces in Bosnia in 2 years, when the fighting first began in the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.[20] About 3 million mines were laid down during this war.[21] ReactionsIn a tribute to Francis Tomasic on May 26, 1994 in the United States House of Representatives, a speech was given to honor him. The speech mentioned that the combat zones are unpredictable, with the ones in the new Republic of Yugoslavia being the most unforeseeable.[4] An aquainance of Tomasic stated he had "inexhaustible sweetness and that he was not someone who understood malice."[4] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://elpais.com/diario/1994/05/02/internacional/767829605_850215.html|title=La explosión de una mina mata a dos periodistas de EE UU cerca de Mostar|author=Ediciones El País|work=EL PAÍS}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/118748/william-t-vollmanns-dangerously-uncorrupted-literary-mind|title=William T. Vollmann Interview: A Dangerously Uncorrupted Literary Mind - New Republic|author=Tom Bissell|date=23 July 2014|work=New Republic}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1994/Landmine-Kills-Two-Photographers-Wounds-Writer-With-PM-Yugoslavia/id-6cfab08d0c92b8c0f3df24bcb82f8b00|title=Landmine Kills Two Photographers, Wounds Writer With PM-Yugoslavia|publisher=}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?r103:H26MY4-781:|title=Congressional Record - 103rd Congress (1993-1994) - THOMAS (Library of Congress)|publisher=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1994-05-02/news/mn-53000_1_dead-journalists|title=2 Journalists Killed, 1 Hurt After Hitting Mine in Bosnia|work=latimes}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford19940502-01.2.17&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------|title=The Stanford Daily 2 May 1994 — The Stanford Daily|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.newsok.com/press-freedom-day/article/2465023|title=Press Freedom Day|publisher=}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19940503&slug=1908638|title=Local News - Seattle Man Was Third Brother Who Died - Seattle Times Newspaper|publisher=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19940502&id=IHRUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3Y4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3592,7080&hl=en|title=Ellensburg Daily Record - Google News Archive Search|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Cbu97w3w9YC&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=brian+brinton+journalist&source=bl&ots=ltd0CfCrIf&sig=XKhdK-3S1yXEqaU4qByMI7yum14&hl=en&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwii5dWTqtLKAhWDKWMKHdboB0UQ6AEINTAF#v=onepage&q=brian%20brinton%20journalist&f=false|title=The People, Press, and Politics of Croatia|publisher=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2026&dat=19940502&id=WvQ0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=pjsKAAAAIBAJ&pg=4957,24597&hl=en|title=Moscow-Pullman Daily News - Google News Archive Search|publisher=}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://journalistsunderfire.silk.co/page/Brian-Brinton|title=Brian-Brinton - Journalists Under Fire|work=Journalists Under Fire}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1995-05-03/news/9505030557_1_protect-journalists-12-journalists-alan-berg|title=Killed In The Line Of Duty - The Risk Some Journalists Face|work=tribunedigital-orlandosentinel}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cpj.org/killed/1994/brian-brinton.php|title=Brian Brinton|publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists|date=May 1, 1994}} 15. ^{{cite journal|jstor=25091369|title=Witnessing Tragedy, Looking at Risk: Rolf Zimmermann Revisited|publisher=}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/news-in-brief/article_fa610eab-6431-544d-a111-cda3a78f96f2.html|title=News in brief|author=Associated Press|date=3 May 1994|work=nwitimes.com}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.altx.com/int2/william.t.vollmann.html|title=An Interview with William T. Vollmann|publisher=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://journaltimes.com/news/at-a-glance/article_4c118575-8baa-5953-841d-ab82bd639ea8.html|title=AT A GLANCE|author=By|work=Journal Times}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://cpj.org/killed/1994/francis-tomasic.php|title=Francis Tomasic|publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists|date=May 1, 1994}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19940502&id=1SgxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-AMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6560,771629&hl=en|title=Toledo Blade - Google News Archive Search|publisher=Toledo Blade}} 21. ^{{cite news|first=R. Clemente |last=Holder |title=Egyptian Lawyer's Death Triggers Cairo Protests|publisher=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs |date=July–August 1994 |pages=60–62 |url=http://www.wrmea.org/1994-july-august/human-rights-egyptian-lawyer-s-death-triggers-cairo-protests.html}} External links
6 : American war correspondents|Bosnian War|1994 in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Journalists killed while covering the Yugoslav Wars|Landmine victims|May 1994 events in Europe |
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