| 词条 | USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
USS Belleau Wood was a United States Navy {{sclass/core|Independence|aircraft carrier|0|||format=sclass-}} light aircraft carrier active during World War II in the Pacific Theater from 1943 to 1945. The ship also served in the First Indochina War under French Navy temporary service as Bois Belleau. Originally laid down as the {{sclass/core|Cleveland|light cruiser||||format=sclass-}} New Haven (CL-76), she was finished as an aircraft carrier. Reclassified CV-24 on February 16, 1942 and renamed Belleau Wood on March 31, 1942 in honor of the Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I. She was launched on December 6, 1942 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey and sponsored by Mrs. Thomas Holcomb, wife of the Commandant of the Marine Corps. She was commissioned on March 31, 1943, with Captain A. M. Pride in command. During the war, she was reclassified CVL-24 on July 15, 1943. Service historyUnited States NavyAfter a brief shakedown cruise, Belleau Wood reported to the Pacific Fleet, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 26 July 1943. After supporting the occupation of Baker Island (1 September) and taking part in the Tarawa (18 September) and Wake Island (5–6 October) raids, she joined TF 50 for the invasion of the Gilbert Islands (19 November–4 December 1943). Belleau Wood operated with TF 58 during the seizure of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls, Marshall Islands (29 January–3 February 1944), Truk raid (16–17 February); Saipan-Tinian-Rota-Guam raids (21–22 February); Palau-Yap-Ulithi-Woleai raid (30 March–1 April); Sawar and Wakde Island raids in support of the landings at Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura), New Guinea (22–24 April); Truk-Satawan-Ponape raid (29 April–1 May); occupation of Saipan (11–24 June), 1st Bonins raid (15–16 June), Battle of the Philippine Sea (19–20 June); and 2nd Bonins raid (24 June). During the Battle Of the Philippine Sea, Belleau Wood{{'}}s planes sank the Japanese carrier {{Ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Hiyō||2}}. After an overhaul at Pearl Harbor (29 June–31 July 1944), Belleau Wood rejoined TF 58 for the last stages of the occupation of Guam (2–10 August). She joined TF 38 and took part in the strikes in support of the occupation of the southern Palaus (6 September–14 October); Philippine Islands raids (9–24 September); Morotai landings (15 September); Okinawa raid (10 October); northern Luzon and Formosa raids (11–14 October); Luzon strikes (15 and 17 October–19 October), and the Battle of Cape Engaño (24–26 October). On 30 October, while Belleau Wood was patrolling with her task group east of Leyte, she shot down a Japanese kamikaze plane which fell on her flight deck aft, causing fires which set off ammunition. Before the fire could be brought under control, 92 men had either died or were missing.[1] After temporary repairs at Ulithi (2–11 November), Belleau Wood steamed to Hunters Point, California, for permanent repairs and an overhaul, arriving on 29 November. She departed San Francisco Bay on 20 January 1945 and joined TF 58 at Ulithi on 7 February. From 15 February–4 March, she took part in the raids on Honshū Island, Japan, and the Nansei Shoto, as well as supporting the landings on Iwo Jima. She also took part in the 5th Fleet strikes against Japan (17 March–26 May) and the 3rd Fleet strikes (27 May–11 June). After embarking Air Group 31 at Leyte (13 June–1 July), she rejoined the 3rd Fleet for the final strikes against the Japanese home islands (10 July–15 August). The last Japanese aircraft shot down in the war was a Yokosuka D4Y3 "Judy" dive bomber which was shot down by Clarence "Bill" A. Moore, an F6F pilot of "The Flying Meat-Axe" VF-31 from Belleau Wood.[2] Belleau Wood launched her planes on 2 September for the mass flight over Tokyo, Japan, during the surrender ceremonies. She remained in Japanese waters until 13 October. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 28 October, she departed three days later with 1,248 servicemen for San Diego. She remained on "Magic Carpet" duty, returning servicemen from Guam and Saipan to San Diego, until 31 January 1946. During the next year, Belleau Wood was moored at various docks in the San Francisco area, undergoing inactivation. She was placed out of commission in reserve at Alameda Naval Air Station on 13 January 1947. Belleau Wood received the Presidential Unit Citation and 12 battle stars during World War II. French NavyShe remained in reserve until transferred to the French Navy under the Mutual Defense Assistance Act on 5 September 1953. In French service, she sailed under the name Bois Belleau (literal translation of "Belleau Wood"). In April 1954, the carrier departed from the Toulon French Naval Base, Toulon toward French Indochina in order to replace {{ship|French aircraft carrier|Arromanches|R95|2}}. She arrived around 20 May in Halong Bay. Although the critical Battle of Dien Bien Phu was over, her US-built fighters and bombers were immediately used by the French forces, as the war was not over. After peace with the Viet Minh, the Geneva Conference was signed on 21 July 1954. Bois Belleau sailed for France, where she then joined the Algerian War. Bois Belleau was returned to the United States in September 1960, stricken from the Navy List on 1 October 1960, and scrapped. Significance of the nameThe ship was named in memory of the World War I Battle of Belleau Wood, in which United States soldiers and Marines of the American Expeditionary Forces, defeated German troops after nearly four weeks of intense fighting. According to United States Marine Corps lore, the German defenders referred to them as Teufelshunde (literally, "Devil Dogs") and it was this moniker that became the ship's mascot, and one of the nicknames for US Marines (Devil Dog).[3] See also
References{{More footnotes|date=September 2008}}{{DANFS}}1. ^{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Peter C|title=Kamikaze To Die For The Emperor|date=2014|publisher=Pen & Sword Books Ltd|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=9781781593134|pages=27}} 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.vf31.com/sorties/last_day.html |title= The Last Day |accessdate= 2008-03-30}} 3. ^{{cite web | last = Flippo | first = Hyde | authorlink = | title = German Myth 13: Teufelshunde - Devil Dogs | work = | publisher = About.com | date = | url = http://german.about.com/od/culture/a/germyth13.htm | doi = | accessdate = }} Further reading
Media links
External links{{Commons category|USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24)}}
6 : Independence-class aircraft carriers|Ships built in Camden, New Jersey|1942 ships|World War II aircraft carriers of the United States|Independence-class aircraft carriers of the French Navy|Cold War aircraft carriers of France |
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