| 词条 | USS Haven (AH-12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
USS Haven (AH-12) was the lead ship of her class of hospital ships built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. Laid down as SS Marine Hawk, she was transferred from the Maritime Commission for conversion to a hospital ship, and served in that capacity through the end of the war. She was redesignated APH-112 (evacuation transport) in June 1946 for participation in Operation Crossroads, returning to her original AP-12 designation in October 1946. Haven participated in the Korean War and eventually ending her military career acting as a floating hospital in Long Beach, California. She was later converted to a chemical carrier and scrapped in 1987. Operational historyWorld War IIInitially named SS Marine Hawk, Haven was launched under Maritime Commission contract by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Chester, Pennsylvania, 24 June 1944; sponsored by Mrs. E. Lang; acquired and placed in service 15 June to 19 June 1944 for transportation to her conversion yard, Todd-Erie Shipyard, Brooklyn. Upon completion of her conversion to Navy use, she commissioned 5 May 1945, Captain T. T. Patterson in command. Following shakedown training, the hospital ship sailed 14 June via the Panama Canal for the Pacific Theater, where the war was reaching its climax. Reaching Pearl Harbor 6 July the ship brought patients on board for return to San Francisco. After returning to Hawaii 11 August, just prior to the Japanese surrender, Haven sailed to Okinawa and Nagasaki. She arrived off the destroyed Japanese city 11 September and brought on board a group of allied ex-prisoners of war, some of them suffering from the effects of the atomic blast. During the remainder of 1945 the ship was engaged in transporting patients from Guam, Saipan, and Pearl Harbor to San Francisco, arriving after her second long voyage 31 January 1946. At San Francisco Haven took on radiological equipment and scientific researchers in preparation for the forthcoming atomic tests in the Pacific, Operation Crossroads. She sailed 29 May for Pearl Harbor and arrived at Bikini Atoll 12 June 1946, temporarily re-designated APH-112. The ship remained in the test area supervising the medical aspects of the experiments throughout the operation, and arrived at Kwajalein Atoll 26 August to assist in the inspection of the test ships. Haven departed 10 October for Pearl Harbor and the United States, and upon her arrival and decontamination was assigned once again to transport troops from the Pacific outposts to California as AH-12. This important duty occupied her until February 1947, when she reported to San Diego and was decommissioned 1 July. Haven entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet, San Diego group. Korean WarWith the outbreak of the Korean War, hospital ships were desperately needed. Following the sinking of sister ship {{USS|Benevolence|AH-13}} off fog-bound San Francisco in August 1950, Haven was taken out of reserve and commissioned 15 September 1950. She sailed 25 September via Pearl Harbor for Inchon, Korea, site of one of the most audacious and skillful amphibious operations in history. The hospital ship remained off Inchon, caring for casualties until 6 January 1951, when the attacking Chinese Communists forced her to move further south. She steamed via Pusan to Sasebo, Japan. Haven returned to Pusan on 5 February to care for battle casualties, and after another voyage to Inchon remained at Pusan until she sailed for the United States, arriving at San Francisco 30 October 1951. Eager to get back into action, however, she began her second tour of Korean duty 7 January 1952. She operated off Inchon and Pusan during the months that followed, receiving many of her patients by helicopters directly from the front lines on two floating helicopter landing pads with one moored on each side midway down her hull.[1] Haven sailed again for the United States 16 September 1952, and, after the installation of a new flight deck to facilitate helicopter evacuation of patients, once more steamed out of San Diego 24 January 1953. She returned to her regular station in Inchon harbor where during the next 7 months she treated almost 3,000 patients. The veteran hospital ship sailed for the United States 20 August 1953, and, after her arrival at San Francisco 3 September, operated off the coast of California. She began her fourth tour of duty in Korea 4 January 1954, arriving at Inchon 7 February to provide regular medical care for troops. Haven also made occasional visits to Japan; and on 1 September with Korea in a state of uneasy truce, she was ordered to French Indochina, arriving at Saigon 9 September. There she brought French troops on board as Viet Nam was partitioned and the French army withdrawn. Haven sailed to Oran and Marseille in October to disembark the soldiers, and completing her round-the-world voyage arrived at Long Beach via the Panama Canal 1 November 1954. Korean War campaignsHaven won nine battle stars for its part in the Korean war, participating in the following campaigns:
17 October to 2 November 1950
30 January to 20 March 1952
3 November 1959 to 9 January 1951
1 May to 28 June 1952 19 July to 24 August 1952
5 February to 2 April 1951
10 February to 6 April 1953 26 April to 30 April 1953
26 April to 8 July 1951
1 May to 17 June 1953 9 July to 27 July 1953
9 July to 22 August 1951 9 September to 7 October 1951 Later careerHaven took part in fleet maneuvers and provided hospital services for sailors through 1955 and 1956 and decommissioned at Long Beach 30 June 1957. She was placed in an "In Reserve, In Service" status, and remained moored at Long Beach acting as a floating hospital. During this time she served as a backdrop for the CBS television series Hennesey.[2]She was struck from the Navy List on 1 March 1967. Haven was returned to the Maritime Administration Reserve Fleet on 5 June 1967. Type C4-class ships of like Haven were then in demand for commercial service because of their relatively large size and engines-aft configuration. Haven was sold by the Maritime Administration in 1968, lengthened by 145 feet (44.2 m), and converted into the chemical carrier Clendenin. Renamed Alaskan upon completion of conversion, she served with Union Carbide until sold for scrap in 1987.[3]AdditionalThe U.S. Naval Sea Cadet Corps (USNSCC) has a unit commissioned named after the USS Haven. The units name is Haven Division located in San Pedro, CA.[4] References1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=zdwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA148&dq=true#v=onepage&q=true&f=true "Hospital Ship Has Helicopter Landing Platforms."] Popular Mechanics, January 1953, p. 148. {{Refbegin}}2. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.usshaven.org/Hennesey.htm | title = Hennesey | publisher = USSHaven.org | date = | accessdate = 2007-11-06 }} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-h/ah12.htm | title = USS Haven (AH-12), 1945-1967 | publisher = United States Navy | work = Online Library of Selected Images | date = 2005-04-24 | accessdate = 2007-11-06 }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.havendivision.org|title=Home|website=USNSCC HAVEN DIVISION / USNLCC T.S. HAMILTON|access-date=2017-01-13}}
External links{{Commons category|USS Haven (AH-12)}}
6 : Ships built in Chester, Pennsylvania|1944 ships|Haven-class hospital ships|World War II auxiliary ships of the United States|Korean War auxiliary ships of the United States|Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。