1. SS Saratoga

2. USAT Saratoga

3. USS Mercy

4. Notes

5. References

6. Bibliography

7. External links

In her Navy career, Mercy made four transatlantic round trips to France, bringing home almost 2,000 wounded men. After the end of World War I, the ship was based in Philadelphia, and briefly laid up there in 1924. The ship was decommissioned in 1934 and lent to the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, struck in 1938, and scrapped in 1939.

SS Saratoga

Shortly after entering service, the new liner was rammed by a three-masted schooner in stormy seas. Saratoga was steaming from Havana at {{convert|16|kn|km/h}} when the schooner hit the port quarter and raked the side, at 01:00 on 29 October 1907. Her captain could not identify the other ship, but waited, in vain, for three hours to offer assistance. Damage to Saratoga was minor, though the schooner lost some rigging from the front of the ship.^[1]

In March 1911, the captain of Saratoga, Cleveland Downs, faced legal difficulties regarding the way live turtles were stored aboard while being imported to market. Downs was arrested in New York on charges of cruelty to animals because the turtles had been stored upside down, with flippers lashed to one another; Miller contended that this was standard practice and asked that the charges be dropped.^[4] A later Saratoga captain also faced legal troubles, when, in June 1912, Frank L. Miller was arrested by Sheriff Julius Harburger in New York and forced to post a $500 appearance bond in a civil suit involving a former crewman. Miller’s arrest delayed the departure of the ship by two hours.^[5]

On 16 March 1912, Saratoga stood by "within a few hundred yards" of the hulk of {{USS|Maine|ACR-1|6}} when that re-floated warship was sunk in the Gulf of Mexico, allowing passengers and crew to witness the historic ship’s final disposal.^[6]

On 26 October 1914 from about 19:30 to 21:00, Saratoga was steaming north {{convert|40|nmi|km}} off the Virginia Capes (and {{convert|240|nmi|km}} south of the Scotland Lightship) when passengers and crew saw flashes and heard reports from guns of "heavy calibre" that they thought were from a naval gun battle. Speculation at the time centered on a confrontation between German cruiser Karlsruhe—which had been sinking British vessels in the Atlantic and Caribbean areas—and one of the Royal Navy cruisers {{HMS|Essex|1901|2}} or {{HMS|Suffolk|1903|2}}. A follow-up news story reported that Saratoga had chanced upon U.S. Navy gunnery practice.^[7][8]

On 23 May 1917 Saratoga and {{SS|Havana||2}}, her Ward Line sister-ship, were requisitioned by the U.S. government. On 2 June, after returning from her last commercial round trip to Cuba, Saratoga was turned over to the United States Army for service as a transport ship.^[2][9]

During her career as a passenger liner, Saratoga carried some notable passengers between New York and Caribbean ports. Mario García Menocal sailed from Havana to New York for "personal business" after having lost the Cuban presidential election in 1908.^[10] In 1913, Cipriano Castro, the former President of Venezuela (1899–1909), sailed to Havana for his health in 1913. A report in The New York Times speculated that Castro was going to meet with associates and "professional revolutionaries" in Havana in an attempt to regain power in Venezuela (which never occurred).^[11] In February 1914, Cardinal Farley, the Archbishop of New York from 1902 to 1918, sailed on Saratoga for a trip to The Bahamas.^[12]

USAT Saratoga

After her requisition from the Ward Line, the steamer was turned over to the Army on 2 June 1917, becoming Army transport USAT Saratoga.^[2] She was hurriedly outfitted for troop transport duties and became part of the first group of the first American troop convoy to France during World War I.^[13] The convoy set out from Ambrose Light for Brest, France, at daybreak on 14 June 1917.^[14] Saratoga was accompanied by fellow Army transport ships Havana, {{USAT|Tenadores||2}}, and {{USAT|Pastores||2}}, the cruiser {{USS|Seattle|ACR-11|2}}, transport/auxiliary cruiser {{USS|DeKalb|ID-3010|2}}, destroyers {{USS|Wilkes|DD-67|2}}, {{USS|Terry|DD-25|2}}, {{USS|Roe|DD-24|2}}, and converted yacht {{USS|Corsair|SP-159|2}}.^[13][15]

At 22:15 on 22 June, some {{convert|850|nmi|km}} from the convoy's intended destination of Brest, Saratoga’s group of the convoy was attacked by submarines. Two torpedoes passed near Havana and two torpedoes straddled DeKalb. No submarine was definitively sighted and the convoy, scattered by the alarm, reformed the next morning.^[16] The group, alerted by reports of submarine activity near Brest diverted to Saint-Nazaire and arrived on 25 June.^[17]

After sailing back to the United States, Saratoga loaded 1,200 passengers at Hoboken, New Jersey, on 30 July, a hot summer day. In preparation for sailing for France the next day, the transport sailed to an anchorage at Tompkinsville, Staten Island. Among the passengers on board were nurses of the Army's Base Hospital No. 8. To escape the sweltering heat aboard the ship, many of the nurses on board returned to their cabins after lunch and removed their heavy wool uniforms.^[18] While at anchor at about 13:30, Saratoga was rammed in the port quarter by {{SS|Panama||2}} of the Panama Steamship Company after her engine room misunderstood a command from the bridge. The force of the impact buckled plating from Saratoga's rail down to the waterline,^[19] leaving a {{convert|30|ft|m|adj=on}} hole. Saratoga began to list almost immediately, and the abandon ship signal was given soon after. The passengers, including nurses in various states of undress, reported to their assigned lifeboats and evacuated the ship in an orderly fashion.^[18] The close proximity to shore, and the large number of smaller craft in the vicinity, allowed all on board to be rescued without loss of life or injury. Panama had only superficial damage; Saratoga raised anchor and was towed near the Morse Dry Dock & Repair Company where she was allowed to settle in the mud.^[3] The erstwhile Saratoga passengers were collected from the various rescue craft and were loaded onto {{USAT|Finland||2}},^[18][20] where they sailed for France on 6 August.^[21][22]

USS Mercy

On 27 September 1917, the U.S. Navy purchased Saratoga from the War Department. On 30 October 1917, she began conversion to a hospital ship at the New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, and was commissioned USS Mercy on 24 January 1918. Mercy and {{USS|Comfort|AH-3|2}} (former Ward Line mate, Havana) were the first Navy hospital ships to have female nurses aboard. Both ships were outfitted with state-of-the-art operating rooms and X-ray labs and could accommodate 500 patients each.^[23]

Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, Mercy operated in the Chesapeake Bay area with Yorktown, Virginia, as her home port, attending the war wounded and transporting them from ships to shore hospitals. In October 1918 she sailed for New York to join the Cruiser and Transport Service. On 3 November the hospital ship departed New York on the first of four round trips to France, returning 1,977 casualties by 25 March 1919.^[24]

For most of the next 15 years following World War I, Mercy served off the east coast based at Philadelphia. In July 1920, she was redesignated "AH-4".^[24]

From 1 December 1924, until 1 September 1925, she was in reserve at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. On 25 November she went into reduced commission, returning to full commission 1 September 1926.^[24] In early 1927, Mercy was painted white with no hospital markings, but by the time of a 1931 visit to Vancouver, the markings had been restored.^[25]

Notes

References

Bibliography

• {{cite book | last = Benson | first = Albert Emerson, ed. | title = Saint Mark's School in the War Against Germany | location = Norwood, Massachusetts | publisher = Saint Mark's School | year = 1920 | oclc = 1904474 }}
• {{cite book | last = Crowell | first = Benedict | authorlink = Benedict Crowell |author2=Robert Forrest Wilson | title = The Road to France I: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–1918 | url = https://books.google.com/books/pdf/The_Giant_Hand.pdf?id=vwBNAAAAMAAJ&output=pdf | format=pdf | location = New Haven | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 1921 | oclc = 287391 | accessdate = 2008-03-12 | series = How America Went To War }}
• {{cite book |last=Dock |first=Lavinia L. |author2=Sarah Elizabeth Pickett |author3=Clara D. Noyes |title=History of American Red Cross Nursing |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofamerica00ameriala#page/n7/mode/2up |location=New York |publisher=The Macmillan Co. |year=1922 |oclc=1170933}}
• {{Gleaves}}
• {{cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | title = Mercy | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/m9/mercy-i.htm | accessdate = 4 August 2008 }}

External links

• {{navsource|09/12/1204|Mercy}}

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