“USS Raton”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

USS Raton (SS/SSR/AGSS-270), a {{sclass-|Gato|submarine}}, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the raton, a polynemoid fish inhabiting semitropical waters off the Pacific coast of America.

Raton (SS-270), an attack submarine, was laid down 29 May 1942 by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, Wisc.; launched 24 January 1943; sponsored by Mrs. C. C. West and commissioned 13 July 1943, Lt. Comdr. J. W. Davis in command.

Following training in Lake Michigan and at Coco Solo, C.Z., Raton sailed for the southwest Pacific 19 September 1943, and upon arriving at Brisbane, Australia, on 16 October, joined Submarine Force, 7th Fleet.

First war patrol, November – December 1943

From Brisbane, Raton sailed to Tulagi, Solomon Islands for her first war patrol, from 20 November to 6 December 1943, in the Bismarck Archipelago–Solomons–New Guinea area. On 24 November, while patrolling west of Massau Raton sighted two Japanese cargo-type ships, with two destroyers and a "Rufe" float plane. The submarine trailed the convoy and that night made a torpedo attack, sinking the Onoe Maru. The excellent countermeasures of the two escorts thwarted four attempts to sink the remaining freighter.

On 28 November, she sighted a Rabaul-bound convoy of five cargo ships, accompanied by two escorts. In a submerged attack, Raton sank two ships of the convoy, the Hokko Maru and Yuri Maru. After a severe pounding by the escorts, Raton escaped, but remained in the area for a return bout.

In a night attack, she heavily damaged a third freighter, and called for assistance, as her torpedoes were nearly expended. {{USS|Gato|SS-212|2}} arrived and joined the attack, only to be jumped by the two Japanese destroyers. Raton surfaced and raced at flank speed to draw the escorts away from Gato, and succeeded, allowing Gato to sink Columbia Maru.

Second and third war patrols, December 1943 – April 1944

After returning to Milne Bay, New Guinea, for rest and refit alongside {{USS|Fulton|AS-11|2}}, Raton departed on her second war patrol, from 11 December to 25 January 1944, for the Mindanao–Celebes–Halmahera area. On 24 December, the submarine made an attack on four merchantmen and two destroyers in Morotai Strait, sinking Heiwa Maru and damaging an auxiliary aircraft carrier.

On 2 January, she encountered two tankers, escorted by a {{sclass-|Fubuki|destroyer}} northwest of Faland Island on the Palau shipping lane. She scored hits on one tanker, but the efficient countermeasures of the Japanese escorts interrupted the attack. Raton departed the patrol area on 19 January and reached Fremantle on 25 January for refit by {{USS|Pelias|AS-14|2}}.

Her third patrol, from 18 February to 14 April, was conducted in the Java Sea, the Karimata Strait, and the South China Sea. {{USS|Rasher|SS-269|2}} sank the only two ships she contacted.

Fourth war patrol, May – June 1944

Her fourth patrol, from 19 May to 23 June, in the South China and Java Seas, provided good hunting. On 23 May, Raton intercepted two small intercoastal freighters north of the Tambelan Islands, and sank both with her deck gun. That same evening, she contacted fast convoy Hi-63 of three transports and four destroyers. She sank destroyer {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Iki||2}}, and damaged a transport.

On 27 May, the ship's log reported: "0615 (H) Ship shaken up considerably by either two underwater explosions or by striking submerged object. People in forward torpedo room thought we had struck something or had been struck by something." This turned out to be 2 torpedoes fired by U.S.S. Lapon. Lapon was looking for a Japanese submarine passing through the area and mistook Raton for that enemy sub. The Commanding officer checked fire on the second set of torpedoes realizing he wasn't shooting at the enemy. Later dry-dock inspection of Raton showed dents where the torpedoes hit. This is the only known friendly fire incident in World War II between two submarines. (http://www.ratonss270.com/ss270-shipmates-stories2.html)

On 28 May, Raton tracked a Japanese RO-61-class sub, but missed due to an unfavorable firing angle.

On 6 June, a bright moonlit night brought out a large convoy of 11 ships with four destroyer-type escorts. One frigate was blown apart by three hits from a spread of fish fired by Raton, but the submarine received a severe pounding from a prolonged depth charge attack before making her escape. A boarding party from the submarine captured a small sailing vessel on 13 June, taking 11 prisoners and scuttling the craft. Four days later, Raton sighted a small freighter, sinking it with one torpedo, and rescuing nine survivors. SS-270 returned to Fremantle 23 June for upkeep alongside {{USS|Orion|AS-18|2}}.

Fifth and sixth war patrols, July – December 1944

The fifth patrol, 18 July to 10 September, conducted in the South China Sea off Luzon, gave Raton only one victory, a tanker left beached off Dasol Bay, Philippines, on 4 August.

Raton had better luck on her sixth patrol, 6 October to 1 December, in the South China Sea. On the night of 18 October, Raton slipped into the center of a nine-ship convoy for a surface attack. She fired both sets of torpedo tubes, her bow tubes at six overlapping targets while her stern fish were fired at a large freighter. Two ships, Shiranesan Maru and Taikai Maru went down, and another vessel was damaged. A final attack resulted in damage to another cargo ship. With her torpedo supply running low and a typhoon approaching, Raton pulled into Mios Woendi, Schouten Islands, for more fuel and torpedoes with which to finish the patrol.

Leaving Mios Woendi 27 October, Raton encountered an enemy task group of two heavy cruisers and five escort vessels on 6 November. In a submerged attack, she scored three hits on a {{sclass-|Mogami|cruiser}} {{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Kumano||2}}, but did not put the heavy out of action.

On 11 November, Raton and {{USS|Ray|SS-271|2}} attacked a four-ship convoy guarded by three escorts. In a surface action Raton sank Unkai Maru and Kurasaki with four torpedoes. Then, both submarines fired torpedoes at the remaining auxiliaries with unconfirmed results. With only four torpedoes remaining, Raton steamed home, arriving San Francisco 1 December.

Seventh and eighth war patrols, April – July 1945

On 13 March 1945, after an overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Raton headed west for Pearl Harbor for refresher training. She sailed for the Yellow Sea 20 April for her seventh war patrol. On 2 May, she blew up a loaded tanker, Toryu Maru, in a night torpedo attack off Shantung Peninsula despite gunfire from two Japanese escorts. That same day, Raton sank a medium-sized cargo ship, Rezikan Maru, in a submerged torpedo approach. On 16 May, she made a submerged attack on two transports, sinking the larger one Eiju Maru. Raton returned to Guam 25 May for upkeep alongside {{USS|Proteus|AS-19|2}}.

The submarine sailed on 22 June for her final patrol of World War II, lifeguard duty off Hong Kong. No Allied planes went down in the area, and she made no enemy contacts. Arriving at Subic Bay 23 July for upkeep, Raton was preparing for her next patrol when the war ended. On 31 August 1945 she sailed for home, arriving at San Francisco in mid-September.

Post-war service, 1946–1948

Following overhaul at Mare Island Shipyard, Raton transited the Panama Canal, and arrived Naval Submarine Base New London on 12 March 1946 where she was assigned to the 2d Fleet. She spent the next 2½ years in training exercises in the North Atlantic and the Caribbean, helping to maintain America and the West's defense posture during the early years of the Cold War.

Radar picket submarine (SSR-270), 1953–1959

After being placed in reserve in the fall of 1948, Raton was decommissioned at New London, Conn., on 11 March 1949. She remained in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at New London until July 1952 when she was towed to Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for conversion to a radar picket submarine. Redesignated SSR-270 on 18 July 1952, she was recommissioned 21 September 1953, Cmdr. J. K. Wills in command.

Departing Philadelphia on 8 December, she underwent training for several months in the Norfolk area. Ordered to the Pacific, she arrived at San Diego on 7 March 1954 via the Panama Canal.

The submarine spent the next year in local operations, before departing from San Diego on 11 May 1955 for a 6-month deployment to WestPac. She returned to San Diego on 6 November 1955. Prior to and following her second 7th Fleet deployment, 13 May 1957 – 8 November 1957, SSR-270 trained in exercises off the Pacific coast.

After overhaul at Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard, from 7 July to 24 November 1958, and underway training, the submarine deployed to the 7th Fleet from early March 1959 to mid-November, participating in operations with SEATO and the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force.

Auxiliary research submarine (AGSS-270), 1960–1968

In early 1960 Raton was engaged in local operations, including evaluation of new sonar concepts, and training of UDT personnel in covert reconnaissance. On 1 July 1960, Raton was redesignated an auxiliary submarine AGSS-270.

In Mare Island Naval Shipyard from January to April 1961 for a major overhaul, Raton sailed west for her fourth 7th Fleet deployment 3 July 1961, returning to San Diego 19 December. The year 1962 was occupied in fleet training operations off the west coast of the United States, providing services for air, surface, and submarine forces.

On April 9, 1962, it was reported that a kite had snagged on the submarine.^[4] This incident was referenced in the Peanuts strip of May 19, 1962 wherein it is implied that the kite had belonged to the long-suffering Charlie Brown whose problems with flying kites was a standard running gag of the strip.

Her fifth post-World War II WestPac deployment, from January to June 1963, included participation in two major ASW exercises with U.S. and SEATO forces. Following an overhaul period from November 1963 to early March 1964, Raton deployed again from 6 July to 23 December to the Far East, where she operated with naval forces of Thailand, the Philippines, and the Republic of China, under the Military Assistance Program.

Local fleet and type operations filled 1965 and early 1966 when Raton once more followed the setting sun in mid-April for another tour of duty with the 7th Fleet. While deployed, Raton exercised with SEATO naval units in Exercise "Sea Imp". On 17 October 1966 AGSS-270 returned to San Diego.

1967 was spent in local operations, reserve training, and semiannual overhaul. On 20 May and 21 May 1968, Raton served as a test ship to determine that a small fleet tug could rescue men from a sunken submarine resting on the ocean floor. Raton commenced her final WestPac deployment 15 July 1968, arriving Yokohama 7 August. During her deployment AGSS-270 provided training services to 7th Fleet and SEATO units. The veteran submarine returned to San Diego 20 December 1968. She was decommissioned at Mare Island Naval Shipyard and stricken from the Navy List 28 June 1969. The stripped hull was designated as a target ship for Pacific Fleet gunnery exercise. She was sold for scrapping 10 December 1973.

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸{{cite book | last = Friedman | first = Norman | authorlink = | title = U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History | publisher = United States Naval Institute | year = 1995 | location = Annapolis, Maryland | pages = 285–304 | url = | doi = | isbn = 1-55750-263-3 }}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite book | last = Bauer | first = K. Jack | authorlink = |author2=Roberts, Stephen S. | title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1991 | location = Westport, Connecticut | pages = 271–273 | url = | doi = | isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
4. ^Submarine Snags a Kite, San Mateo Times, April 9, 1962