| 词条 | 2015–16 Lebanese protests |
| 释义 |
| title = 2015–16 Lebanese protests | partof = | image = Martyr Square 29 August 2015.jpg | caption = Martyr Square 29 August 2015 | date = 21 July 2015 – 2016 | place = Lebanon | coordinates = | causes = Garbage problem Sectarianism Corruption Unemployment Political dysfunction Power cuts Water shortages | goals = Solve garbage crisis Proportional Electoral Law Elect a new parliament Overthrow the government Investigation into actions of police brutality | methods = Demonstrations Sit-ins Self-immolation[1] | status = Ended | result = | side1 = Protesters | side2 = Government of Lebanon Internal Security Forces | leadfigures1 = | leadfigures2 = Tammam Salam Nohad Machnouk Mohammad Machnouk | howmany1 = 120,000 (29 Aug) 45,000 (23 Aug) 18,000 (22 Aug) 4,000 (8 Aug) | howmany2 = | casualties1 = 1 killed[2] 402 wounded | casualties2 = 31 wounded | fatalities = | injuries = | arrests = | detentions = | charged = | fined = | casualties_label = | notes = }}2015 Lebanese protests were a series of protests in response to the government's failure to find solutions to a waste crisis caused by the closure of the Beirut and Mount Lebanon region waste dump in Naameh (south of Beirut) in July 2015. The closure led the region's waste company Sukleen to suspend collection causing piles of rubbish to fill the streets. A series of small but increasing protests, led by grassroots organization "You Stink!," were held throughout the summer, culminating in large protests in August. These attracted thousands of demonstrators but also saw scuffles with police.[3] The protest were categorized by comical slogans and imaginative chants which mostly linked political figures to the crisis.[4][5][6] However, protesters were reported shouting a number of chants made popular during the Arab Spring uprisings across the region, including "Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam" (meaning "The people want to topple the regime").[7] The protests spawned the political campaign Beirut Madinati.[8] IssuesThe ‘National Strategy’ for waste management, drawn up in the years after the Lebanese civil war, saw all the waste from the Beirut, Mount Lebanon region going to a single landfill site.[9] The Naameh facility was opening in 1997 as a temporary, short term site that would take just two million tons of rubbish. 18 years later, the site had taken an estimated 15 million tons of waste.[10] Despite knowing of the closure, the Lebanese government had no plan in place for dealing with the waste. This led waste contractor to suspend collection in July causing waste to pile up around the city.[11] On 27 August, Sukleen restarted collection but with no functioning dump sites, the waste was stored under bridges and on empty lots around the capital.[12] While the protests began over the piles of trash around Beirut and the Mount Lebanon region, they expanded to issues of civil representation, corruption and government inefficiency.[13][14] Protesters blamed Lebanese leaders, who according to them, did not have a long-term vision to solve the ecological issues affecting Lebanon. See Marine environmental issues in Lebanon. Other issues include daily electricity blackouts,and political bickering that has kept Lebanon without a president since May 2014.[15] 23 August 2015 demonstrationLebanese army units were deployed in central Beirut after the demonstration degenerated in street fighting between protesters and law enforcement.[16] The Lebanese Red Cross said it treated 402 people in Sunday's protest. About 40 people were taken to hospital.[17] Ambulances ferried out casualties after security forces fired tear gas, rubber bullets and water cannon at demonstrators protesting against what they call Lebanon's "political dysfunction".[18] About 200 youths, some wearing scarves or masks to cover their faces, threw stones and bottles filled with sand at police and tried to pull down security barricades.[19] Some demonstrators lit fires. A tree next to a church was set ablaze, road signs were pulled from the ground and shop fronts smashed.[20]The protest, organized by an online group "You Stink!" along with other civil society groups,[21] attracted an estimated 20,000[22] people on the streets of Riad El Solh Square in central Beirut. By 29 August, more than 100,000 Lebanese took to the streets to manifest against the government’s corruption. It began as small protest, but it has soon proved to become an uprising, with many protesters calling for a revolution.[23] ReactionsInternational
Organisations
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.saidaonline.com/news.php?go=fullnews&newsid=72975|title=بالصور.... شاب يحرق نفسه امام سراي صيدا الحكومي|work=saidaonline.com|language=Arabic|date=23 August 2015|accessdate=23 August 2015}} {{Anti-government protests in the 21st century}}{{DEFAULTSORT:2015-16 Lebanese protests}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/injuries-protests-lebanon-beirut-intensify-150823183908444.html|title=Protester dies during demonstrations in Beirut|work=Al Jazeera English|date=23 August 2015|accessdate=23 August 2015}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/analysis/2015/08/24/What-does-Beirut-smell-like-From-the-stench-of-trash-to-blood-.html|title=What does Beirut smell like? From the stench of trash to blood|last=Haines-Young|first=James|date=24 August 2015|website=Al Arabiya English|publisher=Al Arabiya English|access-date=29 April 2016}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/photos-you-stink-campaign/|title=Photos: ‘You Stink’ campaign decries more than garbage buildup in Beirut|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-US|access-date=29 April 2016}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/blog/2015/9/3/top-10-youstink-protest-placards|title=Top 10 #YouStink protest placards|last=Arab|first=The New|website=alaraby|language=en|access-date=29 April 2016}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/188648|title=Lebanese Humor Ever-Present at Civil Society Demo|website=Naharnet|access-date=29 April 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/313128-lebanon-teargas-water-cannon/|title=Lebanon trash crisis: Over a dozen injured as police violently disperse protests in Beirut (VIDEO)|date=22 August 2015|work=RT|accessdate=23 August 2015}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Beirut shocks its old guard: The established leaders are jolted by a party of protest|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21698599-established-leaders-are-jolted-party-protest-beirut-shocks-its-old-guard|accessdate=12 May 2016|work=The Economist|date=11 May 2016}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/lebanon-s-rubbish-crisis-40-years-making-455710319|title=Lebanon’s rubbish crisis, 40 years in the making|website=Middle East Eye|access-date=29 April 2016}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/lebanon-beirut-trash-rubbish-crisis-150725060723178.html|title=Lebanese protest against waste-disposal crisis|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=29 April 2016}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jul-27/308520-sukleen-suspends-waste-pickup-in-beirut-again.ashx|title=Sukleen suspends waste pickup in Beirut… again|website=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|access-date=29 April 2016}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Aug-27/312957-sukleen-workers-continue-strike-block-karantina-road.ashx|title=Sukleen resumes trash collection as workers end strike|website=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|access-date=29 April 2016}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/228717/you-stink-activist-to-lbci-we-will-not-stand-still/en|title="You Stink" activist to LBCI: We will not stand still in face of corruption|website=www.lbcgroup.tv|access-date=29 April 2016}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/lebanon-rattled-by-protests-over-trash-crisis-corruption/2015/08/23/9d309ef8-2c2f-447b-9fff-3c5c62543da9_story.html|title=Trash crisis sparks clashes over corruption, dysfunction in Lebanon|website=Washington Post|access-date=29 April 2016}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Protests in Lebanon: Talking trash|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21662368-lebanons-citizens-are-also-fed-up-their-do-nothing-politicians-talking-trash|accessdate=30 August 2015|work=The Economist|date=29 August 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/23/asia/beirut-lebanon-garbage-clashes/ |title=Army deployed to Beirut after anti-government anger boils over |work=CNN |last1=Conlon |first1=Kevin |last2=Razek |first2=Raja |last3=Qiblawi |first3=Tamara |date=24 August 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/24/beirut-rubbish-protesters-clash-with-police-amid-anger-at-political-paralysis |title=Beirut rubbish protesters clash with police amid anger at political paralysis |work=The Guardian |last1=Chulov |first1=Martin |last2=Shaheen |first2=Kareem |date=24 August 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34031208 |title=Beirut rubbish protesters clash with police |work=BBC News |date=22 August 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/injured-beirut-stink-protest-rubbish-150822203615018.html |title=Many injured in Beirut 'You Stink' protest over rubbish |work=Aljazeera |date=23 August 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/23/us-lebanon-crisis-politics-idUSKCN0QS0K420150823 |title=Beirut protests turn violent for second day as PM threatens to quit |work=Reuters |last1=Bassam |first1=Laila |last2=Perry |first2=Tom |date=23 August 2015}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/24/world/middleeast/lebanese-protest-as-trash-piles-up-in-beirut.html |title=Clashes Break Out During Protests Over Trash Crisis in Lebanon |work=The New York Times |last=Saad |first=Hwaida |date=23 August 2015}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/08/29/rights-group-urges-inquiry-into-lebanon-protest-dispersal?page=2 |title=Thousands of Lebanese protesters stage largest anti-government protest yet over trash crisis |work=U.S. News & world Report |last1=El Deeb |first1=Sarah |last2=Karam |first2=Zeina |date=29 August 2015}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Rubbish Revolution|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/lebanon/history-past-to-present/rubbish-revolution/|website=Fanack.com|accessdate=8 August 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=5362|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs renews its call to citizens not to travel to the Lebanese Republic|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|date=24 August 2015|accessdate=24 August 2015}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/kuwait-bahrain-issue-lebanon-travel-warnings-734648|title=Kuwait, Bahrain issue Lebanon travel warnings|work=Al Bawaba|date=24 August 2015|accessdate=24 August 2015}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/08/24/Lebanon-protest-postponed-after-Beirut-clashes.html|title=U.N. urges restraint in Lebanon protests|work=alarabiya.net|date=24 August 2015|accessdate=24 August 2015}} 27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.euromedmonitor.org/en/article/914/Lebanese-security-forces-using--excessive-force-against-protesters|title=Lebanese security forces using excessive force against protesters|last=Monitor|first=Euro-Med|access-date=2016-09-25}} 6 : 2015 in Lebanon|2015 protests|2016 in Lebanon|2016 protests|Aftermath of the Arab Spring|Protests in Lebanon |
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