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词条 2015–16 New Zealand flag referendums
释义

  1. Background

     Legal issues  Use of current flag 

  2. Cost of transition

  3. Pre-referendums process

     Cross-party group  Flag Consideration Panel   Referendums legislation  

  4. Public engagement process

     Long list  Notes 

  5. Shortlist announcement

     Criticism of selection  Red Peak 

  6. Criticism and controversy

     Priority  Cost  Bias  Order of questions  Timing  Inclusion of Red Peak flag 

  7. Results

     First referendum  Second referendum  Result by electorate  Multiple voting reports 

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

{{short description|Public votes on proposed changes to the flag of New Zealand}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}{{Infobox Election
| election_name = New Zealand flag referendums
| country = New Zealand
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| opinion_polls = New_Zealand_flag_debate#Two-option_polls
| turnout = First referendum: 1,546,734 (48.78%)
Second referendum: 2,140,805 (67.78%)
| 1blank = First preferences
| 2blank = Two-flag preferred
| 3blank = Second referendum
| election_date = 20 November – 11 December 2015
3–24 March 2016
|image1 =
|candidate1 = Flag of New Zealand
|1data1 = –
|2data1 = –
|3data1 = 56.73%
|image2 =
|candidate2 = Silver Fern (Black, White and Blue)
|1data2 = 40.15%
|2data2 = 50.58%
|3data2 = 43.27%
|image3 =
|candidate3 = Silver Fern (Red, White and Blue)
|1data3 = 41.64%
|2data3 = 49.42%
|image4 =
|candidate4 = Red Peak
|1data4 = 8.77%
|image5 =
|candidate5 = Silver Fern (Black & White)
|1data5 = 5.66%
|image6 =
|candidate6 = Koru
|1data6 = 3.78%
| title = Flag of New Zealand
| before_election = A British Blue Ensign, defaced with four stars of the Crux Australis in red, outlined in white
| after_election = Same as before election
|map_image=New Zealand flag referendum, 2016 results by electorate.svg|map_caption=Results by electorate}}

Two New Zealand flag referendums were held by the New Zealand government in November/December 2015 and March 2016 and resulted in the retention of the current flag of New Zealand.[1]

The first referendum to determine the preferred alternative flag took place between 20 November and 11 December 2015 and asked, "If the New Zealand flag changes, which flag would you prefer?"[1][2] Results show the black, white, and blue Silver fern flag by Kyle Lockwood advancing to the second referendum.

The second referendum took place between 3 and 24 March 2016 and asked voters to choose between the selected alternative (the Silver Fern Flag) and the existing New Zealand flag.[4][3] The final decision was to keep the current flag.

Reception of the process was critical, with no great enthusiasm shown among the public.[6][7][4]

Background

{{main|New Zealand flag debate}}

New Zealand has a history of debate about whether the national flag should be changed. For several decades, alternative designs have been proposed, with varying degrees of support. There is no consensus among proponents of changing the flag as to which design should replace the flag.

In January 2014, Prime Minister John Key floated the idea of a referendum on a new flag at the 2014 general election.[5] The proposal was met with a mixed response.[6][7] Then in March, Key announced that New Zealand would hold a referendum within the next three years asking whether to change the flag design, if the National Party be re-elected for a third term.[8] Following National's re-election the details of the referendum were announced.[2]

Legal issues

The results of both referendums are binding, meaning the flag with the most votes in the second referendum is the official flag of New Zealand.[9] In the unlikely event the second referendum vote was tied, an assumption for the status quo would have applied.[10]

If a new flag design had been chosen, assuming no intellectual property issues, the Flags, Emblems and Names Protection Act 1981 would have been updated to reflect the new design six months to the day after the second referendum results were declared (or earlier by Order in Council). The current flag would have remained the official flag until then; for example, the current flag would have been flown during the 2016 Summer Olympics, four months after the second referendum took place, regardless of the results of the second referendum. This result would not have changed the coat of arms (which includes the current national flag), national Māori flag, nor the flags of Associated States (Cook Islands and Niue), nor the New Zealand Red Ensign (merchant marine), White Ensign (naval), (both incorporating Union Flags) police flag and fire service flag (which are based on the current flag).[11] It would also not change New Zealand's status as a constitutional monarchy in the Commonwealth of Nations.[12]

Use of current flag

If the flag had been changed, it would have been legal to have continued to fly the current flag of New Zealand, which would have been "recognised as a flag of historical significance."[13] Old flags would have been replaced once worn out.[11][14] Official documents depicting the current flag, such as driver licences, would have been phased out as a matter of course – in the case of driver licences, this would have been when licences are renewed and would therefore have taken up to 10 years.

New Zealand Government ships and those non-government ships flying the New Zealand flag (instead of the New Zealand Red Ensign) would have been given an extra six months to change their flag to the new design. Ships flying the New Zealand Red Ensign and ships belonging to the New Zealand Defence Force would not have been affected by any flag changes, nor would any New Zealand-based ships registered to foreign countries.[15][16]

Cost of transition

The estimated cost of updating government flags and Defence Force uniforms is at least $2.69 million. Other unknown costs include updating government ships, updating trademarks and logos, publicity of the new flag, excess stock of old flags (including products and souvenirs containing it), and updating all flags, packaging, uniforms and marketing material in the private and sporting sectors. The government would not have provided compensation for the cost of adopting the new flag.[11]

Pre-referendums process

Cross-party group

Shortly after announcing the referendum, party leaders were invited to a cross-party group. The purpose of the cross-party group was to review draft legislation allowing for the referendums to take place, and to nominate candidates for a Flag Consideration Panel by mid February 2015. Members included Bill English (Finance Minister and leader of the group), Jonathan Young (representing National), Trevor Mallard (representing Labour), Kennedy Graham (representing Green), Marama Fox (representing Māori), David Seymour (representing ACT) and Peter Dunne (representing United Future). New Zealand First refused to participate.[2][17][18]

Flag Consideration Panel

The Flag Consideration Panel was a separate group of "respected New Zealanders" with representative age, regional, gender and ethnic demographics. Their purpose was to publicise the process, seek flag submissions and suggestions from the public, and decide on a final shortlist of four suitable options for the first referendum. Public consultation took place between May and June 2015.[19][20] The panel stated that it consulted vexillologists (flag experts) and designers to ensure that the flags chosen were workable and had no impediments.[21] The members of the Flag Consideration Panel were:[22]

  • Chair: John Burrows, former deputy chancellor of the University of Canterbury
  • Deputy chair: Kate De Goldi, author
  • Julie Christie, reality television producer
  • Rod Drury, businessman
  • Rhys Jones, former Chief of the New Zealand Defence Force
  • Beatrice Faumuina, former discus thrower
  • Brian Lochore, former All Blacks coach
  • Nicky Bell, chief executive of New Zealand branch of Saatchi & Saatchi
  • Peter Chin, former mayor of Dunedin
  • Stephen Jones, youth councillor
  • Malcolm Mulholland, academic
  • Hana O'Regan, Māori studies academic

Referendums legislation

The legislation to set up the referendums passed its first Parliament hearing on 12 March 2015 with a vote of 76 to 43.[23] It was then considered by the Justice and Electoral Select Committee. During their public submission intake phase the RSA launched the "Fight for the Flag" campaign, also backed by New Zealand First, to reverse the question order and first ask if New Zealanders want a flag change.[24] Labour MP Trevor Mallard presented a petition signed by 30,000 people to the Committee, asking for a keep/change question to be added to the first referendum, similar to the 2011 voting system referendum.[25] During its second hearing in Parliament, MP Jacinda Ardern proposed an amendment so that the second referendum would only take place if turnout for the first referendum was at least 50%, as a way of ensuring majority rule and reducing costs if the public was apathetic. Ardern's proposal was voted down and the bill was passed as-is on 29 July 2015.[26]

Public engagement process

As part of the public engagement process, flag designs and symbolism/value suggestions were solicited until 16 July, which resulted in a total of 10,292 design suggestions.[27] All 10,292 submitted design proposals were presented to the public on the New Zealand government website.[28]

During the public engagement process, the Flag Consideration Panel travelled around the country for workshops and hui. These in-person consultation events were noted to have markedly low attendance.[29] The consideration panel noted strong online engagement with over 850,000 visits to the website and 1,180,000 engagements on social media.[30]

The panel reported that feedback found the themes of freedom, history, equality, respect and family to be the most significant to New Zealanders,[30] however it was later revealed that those themes were dwarfed by the amount of feedback critical of the flag change process.[31] From the submitted designs they found the most common colours were white, blue, red, black, and green. The most common elements incorporated into the flag designs were the Southern Cross, silver fern, Kiwi, and koru. The main themes incorporated into the designs were Māori culture, nature and history.[30]

Long list

From the 10,292 submitted designs, the Flag Consideration Panel deliberations resulted in their selection of a 'long list' shortlist of 40 designs (announced to the public on 10 August 2015).[32]

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.elections.org.nz/events/referendums-new-zealand-flag-0 |title=Referendums on the New Zealand flag |publisher=Electoral Commission |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url= http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/first-steps-taken-towards-flag-referendum |title= First steps taken towards flag referendum |date= 29 October 2014|website = beehive.govt.nz |publisher = New Zealand Government |accessdate = 31 October 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2015/0008/latest/DLM6405360.html|title= New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill, Part 2, Subpart 4, Clause 20|author= |date= 12 March 2015|website= legislation.govt.nz|publisher= New Zealand government|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/12/29/flag-d29.html |title=Widespread abstention in New Zealand flag referendum |last1=Price |first1=Sam |date=29 December 2015 |website=World Socialist Web Site |access-date=2016-01-28 }}
5. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11193964 | title=Key suggests vote on New Zealand flag | work=New Zealand Herald | date=30 January 2014 | accessdate=7 February 2014 | author=Davison, Isaac}}
6. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/235378/flag-change-in-the-wind | title=Flag change in the wind | work=Radio New Zealand News | date=6 February 2014 | accessdate=7 February 2014}}
7. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/queenstown-lakes/290308/opinions-vary-changing-nz-flag | title=Opinions vary on changing NZ flag | work=Otago Daily Times | date=4 February 2014 | accessdate=7 February 2014 | author=Beech, James}}
8. ^{{cite news |last=Chapman |first=Paul|title=New Zealand to hold referendum on changing to 'post-colonial' flag |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/10688990/New-Zealand-to-hold-referendum-on-changing-to-post-colonial-flag.html |accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=11 March 2014|location=London}}
9. ^New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill, sec. 2
10. ^New Zealand Flag Referendums Act 2015, sec. 39
11. ^1 2 3 {{Citation |last=King|first=David|title=Regulatory Impact Statement: Considering Changing the New Zealand Flag|publisher=New Zealand Ministry of Justice}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO1506/S00066/flag-consideration-panel-answers-the-six-top-questions.htm|title=Flag Consideration Panel answers the six top questions|author=|date=6 June 2015|website=scoop.co.nz|publisher=Scoop Media|accessdate=7 April 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2015/0008/latest/DLM6405450.html?search=ts_act%40bill%40regulation%40deemedreg_Flag+Referendum+Bill_resel_25_a&p=1|title=New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill – amendments|date=2015|accessdate=1 April 2015|publisher=Parliamentary Counsel Office}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/all/files/FAQs_4.pdf|title=Frequently asked questions|author= |date= 29 October 2014|website= beehive.govt.nz|publisher= New Zealand Government|accessdate=31 October 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2015/0008/latest/DLM6405458.html|title=New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill, Part 3, Clause 70|author=|date=12 March 2015|website=legislation.govt.nz|publisher=New Zealand government|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web |title= §58 National colours and other flags – Ship Registration Act 1992 |url= http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1992/0089/latest/DLM276623.html |date= 1 July 2013 |website=legislation.govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand Government |accessdate= 25 January 2016}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/nzflag-process-cabinet-paper-october2014.pdf|title=Cabinet Paper 451|author=Bill English|date=29 October 2014|website=beehive.govt.nz|publisher=New Zealand Government|accessdate=31 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223706/http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/nzflag-process-cabinet-paper-october2014.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/63284397/flag-referendum-a-distraction|title=Flag referendum a 'distraction'| last=Gulliver| first=Aimee| date=17 November 2014|website=stuff.co.nz| publisher=Fairfax Media|accessdate=21 December 2014|archive-url= https://archive.today/20160630120510/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/63284397/flag-referendum-a-distraction |dead-url=no|archive-date= 2016-06-30 }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/all/files/PROCESS-AT-A-GLANCE.pdf|title=Process at a glance|author=|date=29 October 2014|website=beehive.govt.nz|publisher=New Zealand Government|accessdate=31 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031043628/http://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/all/files/PROCESS-AT-A-GLANCE.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11413938|title=Govt budget allows almost $500,000 for a high-profile panel out of $25m cost to decide national symbol.|last=Jones|first=Nicholas|date=9 March 2015|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
21. ^1 [https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-nz-flag-your-chance-to-decide/open-letter/ "Open letter from the Panel"]. New Zealand Government (Govt.nz). 17 December 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11408325|title=Julie Christie and Beatrice Faumina to help decide NZ's new flag|last=Trevett|first=Claire|date=26 February 2015|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Herald|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
23. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11416337|title=Flag change referendums come one step closer|last=Trevett|first=Claire|date=12 March 2015|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Herald|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11432017|title=NZ First backs 'fight for the flag' campaign|last=Jones|first=Nicholas|date=13 April 2015|accessdate=19 April 2015|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Herald}}
25. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11444912|title= Flag debate votes a biased process – Mallard|author=|date=7 May 2015| work=The New Zealand Herald|accessdate=10 May 2015}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-nz/pb/debates/debates/51HansD_20150729_00000024/new-zealand-flag-referendums-bill-%E2%80%94-in-committee|title=New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill — In Committee|author=|date=29 July 2015|accessdate=3 August 2015|website=www.parliament.nz|publisher=New Zealand House of Representatives}}
27. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-nz-flag-your-chance-to-decide/gallery/ |title=Flag design gallery |author= |website=govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand Government |accessdate=16 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905123627/https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-nz-flag-your-chance-to-decide/gallery/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite news|title=All Suggested Designs|url= https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-nz-flag-your-chance-to-decide/gallery/?sort=random|publisher=The New Zealand Government|accessdate=11 December 2015}}
29. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11482801 |title=Flag show at half mast |date=18 July 2015 |last=Trevett |first=Claire |website=nzherald.co.nz |publisher=New Zealand Herald |accessdate=19 July 2015}}
30. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-nz-flag-your-chance-to-decide/project-updates/report-to-responsible-minister/ |title=The Panel's report to the Responsible Minister | NZ Government |website=Govt.nz |date= |accessdate=2015-12-07}}
31. ^1 2 {{cite news |first=Matt |last=Nippert |date=13 November 2015 |title=Flag process: Was it a spin job? |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11544460 |publisher=The New Zealand Herald |accessdate=27 November 2015}}
32. ^{{cite news |first=Audrey |last=Young |date=11 August 2015 |title=Forty flags, and only one with a Union Jack—so which one is best? |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11495030 |work=The New Zealand Herald |accessdate=28 September 2015}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://designmyflag.nz/morgan-foundation-flag-competition-judging-results/|title=Morgan Foundation Flag Competition Judging Results|publisher=Gareth Morgan Foundation|website=designmyflag.nz|date=24 July 2015|accessdate=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019102348/http://designmyflag.nz/morgan-foundation-flag-competition-judging-results/|archive-date=19 October 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/01/new-zealands-new-flag-final-four-designs-announced|title = New Zealand's new flag: final four designs announced|last = Hunt|first = Elle|date = 1 September 2015|work = |access-date = 12 September 2015|via = |publisher = |newspaper = The Guardian}}
35. ^{{cite news |first=Claire |last=Trevett |date=1 September 2015 |title=NZ flag referendum: The final four designs revealed |publisher=The New Zealand Herald |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11505765 |accessdate=28 September 2015}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://thebrandlab.enz.govt.nz/downloads/G_NZInc_Brand_Guidelines.pdf|title=New Zealand Masterbrand Guidelines and Specifications|date= July 2013|accessdate=1 September 2015}}
37. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-nz-flag-your-chance-to-decide/the-five-alternatives/silver-fern-red-white-and-blue/ |title=Silver Fern (Red, White and Blue) |publisher=New Zealand Government |accessdate=17 November 2015}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wix.com/silverfernflag/silverfernflag#!clients|title=Press & television coverage featuring our flag from NZ and around the world|website=Silverfernflag.co.nz|accessdate=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119104052/http://www.wix.com/silverfernflag/silverfernflag#!clients#!clients|archive-date=19 January 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/kiwi-wins-flag-design-competition-2014060508|author=|title=Kiwi wins flag design competition|website=3news.co.nz|publisher=3 News|date=5 June 2014|accessdate=21 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221030732/http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/kiwi-wins-flag-design-competition-2014060508|archive-date=21 December 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11353071|title=How about a bungee-jumping sheep? John Oliver mocks NZ flag|date=4 November 2014|author= |website=www.nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Media and Entertainment |accessdate=21 December 2014}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radiolive.co.nz/Winning-design-of-new-NZ-flag-contest-slammed/tabid/506/articleID/47091/Default.aspx |title=Winning design of new NZ flag contest slammed |last=Lush |first=Martin|website=radiolive.co.nz|publisher=Radio Live|date=6 June 2014|accessdate=28 December 2014}}
42. ^{{cite web|last1=Town|first1=Chris|title=Why the Koru flag is the 'best of the bunch'|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff-nation/assignments/which-is-your-favourite-flag/12567509/Why-the-Koru-flag-is-the-best-of-the-bunch|website=Stuff|accessdate=5 April 2016}}
43. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11510969|title=Grant McLachlan: Flag debate now a political turf war |last=McLachlan|first=Grant|date=10 September 2015|accessdate=11 September 2015 |website=nzherald.co.nz |publisher=New Zealand Herald}}
44. ^{{cite news |last=Braunias |first=Steve |date=10 March 2016 |title=New Zealand: One Nation Under a Beach Towel? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/11/opinion/new-zealand-one-nation-under-a-beach-towel.html |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=24 March 2016 }}
45. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11608604|title=Flag creator: It'd be a nice towel|date=2016-03-20|newspaper=New Zealand Herald|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777|access-date=2016-12-17}}
46. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/71632042/twitter-unhappy-with-the-final-four-new-zealand-flags |title=What Twitter said about the final four New Zealand flag options |last1=Cooke |first1=Henry |last2=Fyers |first2=Andy|date=1 September 2015 |website=stuff.co.nz |publisher=Fairfax Media |accessdate=1 September 2015}}
47. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/-which-bad-flag-design-will-the-rest-of-world-ignore-from-now-on-aussies-q08539 |title='Which bad flag design will the rest of the world ignore from now on' - Aussies |author= |date=1 September 2015|website=tvnz.co.nz|publisher=TVNZ |accessdate=1 September 2015}}
48. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/-lol-even-laser-beam-kiwi-would-be-better-social-media-reacts-to-flag-semi-finalists-q08500.html |title='Lol...even laser beam kiwi would be better' - social media reacts to flag semi-finalists |author=|date=1 September 2015 |website=tvnz.co.nz |publisher=TVNZ |accessdate=1 September 2015}}
49. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-01/nz-announces-four-flag-finalists/6740674 |title=New Zealand announces shortlist for new flag design|author= |date=1 September 2015 |website=yahoo.com |publisher=Yahoo |accessdate=1 September 2015}}
50. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-01/nz-announces-four-flag-finalists/6740674 |title=New Zealand announces shortlist for new flag design|author= |date=1 September 2015 |website=abc.net.au |publisher=ABC|accessdate=1 September 2015}}
51. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11506245 |title=Flag designs a national disgrace |last=Puschmann|first=Karl|date=1 September 2015 |website=nzherald.co.nz |publisher=New Zealand Herald |accessdate=1 September 2015}}
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54. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11509184 |title=Gareth Morgan: Back up the flag bus now |last=Morgan |first=Gareth |date=7 September 2015|accessdate=11 September 2015 |website=nzherald.co.nz |publisher=New Zealand Herald}}
55. ^{{cite web |title=Dear John |first=Rowan |last=Simpson |date=2015-09-02 |url=http://rowansimpson.com/2015/09/02/dear-john/}}
56. ^{{cite news |title=New Zealanders offered flag shortlist ask: can we have this one instead?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/04/new-zealanders-offered-flag-shortlist-ask-can-we-have-this-one-instead|accessdate=6 September 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|date=4 September 2015}}
57. ^{{cite news |title=Hang up the fern! |newspaper=The Economist |date=12 September 2015 |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21664232-changing-national-symbols-proves-irksome-hang-up-fern |accessdate=16 September 2015}}
58. ^{{cite web |title=Petition · Prime Minister John Key: Red Peaks for New Zealand Flag |website=Change.org |first=Cat |last=Wilson |date=3 September 2015 |url=}}
59. ^{{cite news |title=Red Peak: 50,000 strong petition handed over at Parliament |author=Claire Trevett |date=15 September 2015 |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11513456 |accessdate=16 September 2015}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11517757 |title=Flag referendum: Red Peak design to be added as fifth option - John Key - National - NZ Herald News |website=Nzherald.co.nz |date=2015-09-23 |accessdate=2015-12-07}}
61. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2015_flag_referendum1/results-by-count-report.html|title=First Referendum on the New Zealand Flag - Results by Count Report|website=www.electionresults.govt.nz|access-date=2016-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317003550/http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2015_flag_referendum1/results-by-count-report.html|archive-date=17 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
62. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-nz/pb/debates/debates/51HansD_20150312_00000012/new-zealand-flag-referendums-bill-%E2%80%94-first-reading|title=New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill — First Reading|author=|date=12 March 2015|website=parliament.nz|publisher=New Zealand Parliament|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
63. ^{{cite news|last1=Garner|first1=Duncan|title=Duncan Garner: Flag this irrelevant debate and spend $26m on hungry kids|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/comment/columnists/68392405/duncan-garner-flag-this-irrelevant-debate-and-spend-26m-on-hungry-kids|accessdate=25 August 2015|agency=The Dominion Post|publisher=Fairfax Media|date=9 May 2015}}
64. ^{{cite news|last1=Thorne|first1=Dylan|title=Editorial: $25.7m flag is wrong legacy|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/bay-of-plenty-times/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503343&objectid=11414778|accessdate=25 August 2015|agency=Bay of Plenty Times|publisher=NZME Publishing Limited|date=10 March 2015}}
65. ^{{cite news|title=New Zealand considers options to replace its flag|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/zealand-changing-flag-150812192231100.html|accessdate=25 August 2015|agency=Al Jazeera|publisher=Al Jazeera Media Network|date=12 August 2015}}
66. ^{{cite news|last1=Hunt|first1=Elle|title=New Zealand's prime minister John Key wants a new flag. Does anybody else?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/11/new-zealands-prime-minister-john-key-wants-a-new-flag-does-anybody-else|accessdate=25 August 2015|agency=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|date=10 August 2015}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wort.lu/en/panorama/referendum-planned-for-2015-new-zealanders-to-vote-on-changing-union-jack-style-flag-5450869ab9b3988708080766|title=New Zealanders to vote on changing Union Jack-style flag|date=29 October 2014|publisher=Luxemburger Wort}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/a/-/top-stories/25381933/mps-torn-on-flag-referendum-cost/|title=MPs torn on flag referendum|last1=Cook|first1=Frances|last2=McQuillan|first2=Laura|website=yahoo.co.nz|publisher=Newstalk ZB|date=30 October 2014|accessdate=21 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221041504/https://nz.news.yahoo.com/a/-/top-stories/25381933/mps-torn-on-flag-referendum-cost/|archive-date=21 December 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/tvshows/campbelllive/does-new-zealand-care-about-a-new-flag-2015051919|title=Does New Zealand care about a new flag?|last=Campbell|first=John|date=19 May 2015|website=3news.co.nz|publisher=TV3|accessdate=19 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031225/http://www.3news.co.nz/tvshows/campbelllive/does-new-zealand-care-about-a-new-flag-2015051919|archive-date=17 November 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11350245|title=Taxpayers face $25 million bill even if old flag stays|last=Bennett|first=Adam|date=30 October 2014|website=www.nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Herald|accessdate=21 December 2014}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://insights.nzherald.co.nz/article/the-flag-debate|title=The Flag Debate|publisher=Herald Insights|first=Caleb|last=Tutty|date=13 November 2015|accessdate=27 November 2015}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11511139|title=Flag judge Julie Christie's conflicts of interest|last=Fisher|first=David|date=11 September 2015|accessdate=11 September 2015|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=The New Zealand Herald}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11415798|title=Labour to oppose flag bill|last=Trevett|first=Claire|date=12 March 2015|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Herald|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
74. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://nandor.net.nz/2015/09/02/getting-our-flag-off-a-weetbix-box/|title=Getting our flag off a weetbix box |last=Tánczos|first=Nándor|date=2 September 2015|accessdate=5 September 2015}}
75. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=11518994|title=Red Peak petition 'conned'|last=Fisher|first=David|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Herald|date=26 September 2015|accessdate=26 September 2015}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2015/0008/latest/DLM6405459.html|title=New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill – Schedule 1|publisher=New Zealand Government|website=legislation.govt.nz|date=29 July 2015|accessdate=3 August 2015}}
77. ^{{cite web|title=Referendums on the New Zealand Flag > Voting in the first referendum > How Preferential Voting works|url=http://www.elections.org.nz/events/referendums-new-zealand-flag-0/voting-first-referendum/how-preferential-voting-works|website=www.elections.org.nz|publisher=New Zealand Electoral Commission|accessdate=5 December 2015}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/nzflag-process-cabinet-paper-october2014-appendix1.pdf|title=Process to consider changing New Zealand flag|author=|date=29 October 2014|website=beehive.govt.nz|publisher=New Zealand Government|accessdate=31 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031044457/http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/nzflag-process-cabinet-paper-october2014-appendix1.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
79. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Flags/Four-alternatives-English.pdf|title=Four alternatives|author=Various|website=govt.nz|date=1 September 2015|accessdate=1 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914212511/https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Flags/Four-alternatives-English.pdf|archive-date=14 September 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
80. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/flag-debate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500876&objectid=11506413|title=Revealed: Plots to gerrymander flag referendum|last=Trevett|first=Claire|date=2 September 2015|website=nzherald.co.nz|publisher=New Zealand Herald|accessdate=2 September 2015}}
81. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2015_flag_referendum1/results-by-count-report.html |title= First Referendum on the New Zealand Flag -- Final Results by Count Report |publisher= Electoral Commission |date= 15 December 2015 |accessdate= 15 December 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160317003550/http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2015_flag_referendum1/results-by-count-report.html |archive-date= 17 March 2016 |dead-url= yes |df= dmy-all }}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2015/0008/latest/DLM6405461.html|title=New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill – Schedule 2|publisher=New Zealand Government|website=legislation.govt.nz|date=29 July 2015|accessdate=3 August 2015}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2015/0008/latest/DLM6405360.html|title=New Zealand Flag Referendums Bill, Part 2, Subpart 4, Clause 20|author=|date=12 March 2015|website=legislation.govt.nz|publisher=New Zealand government|accessdate=5 April 2015}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35888474|title=New Zealand votes to keep flag in referendum | publisher=BBC News | date=24 March 2016 | accessdate=24 March 2016}}
85. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2016_flag_referendum2/|title=Second Referendum on the New Zealand Flag Preliminary Result|publisher=Electoral Commission|date=24 March 2016|accessdate=24 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325203541/http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2016_flag_referendum2/|archive-date=25 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
86. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2016_flag_referendum2/result-by-electorate.html |title= Final Result by Electorate for the Second Referendum on the New Zealand Flag, on the question "What is your choice for the New Zealand Flag" |publisher= Electoral Commission |date=24 March 2016 |accessdate=24 March 2016}}
87. ^{{cite news |title= Flag voting double ups flagged |url= http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/293149/flag-voting-double-ups-flagged |publisher= Radio New Zealand |date= 29 December 2015 |accessdate= 18 January 2016}}
88. ^{{cite news |title= Alleged flag voting paper theft investigated |url= http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/298496/flag-voting-paper-theft-investigated |publisher= Radio New Zealand |date= 9 March 2016 |accessdate= 9 March 2016}}
89. ^Flag Referendums Act 2015, §59 and Electoral Act 1993, §224

Shortlist announcement

On 1 September 2015, the Flag Consideration Panel announced the final four designs to be included in the first referendum.[35]

Image Designer(s)Name Notes
Alofi Kanter Silver Fern (Black and White) Variation of the silver fern flag which has the unique silver fern and black and white colour scheme.[46] This design uses counterchanging and the fern design from the New Zealand government's Masterbrand logo.[36]
Kyle Lockwood Silver Fern (Red, White and Blue) The silver fern represents the growth of the nation and the Southern Cross represents the location of New Zealand in the antipodes. The blue represents New Zealand's clear atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean. The red represents the country's heritage and sacrifices made.[37]

This proposal won a Wellington newspaper flag competition in July 2004 and appeared on TV3 in 2005 after winning a poll which included the present national flag.[38] In 2014 a similar design won a DesignCrowd competition.[39] The design was criticised on aesthetic grounds by Hamish Keith, Paul Henry and John Oliver.[40][41] New Zealand Herald writer Karl Puschmann called it a design for those "sitting on the fence" who didn't want much change.[53]

Kyle Lockwood Silver Fern (Black, White and Blue) Variation of the above with black instead of red, and a different shade of blue. This general design is John Key's preferred proposal. Black is one of the most well known National colours of New Zealand, and represents the pride and strength of New Zealand.
Andrew Fyfe Koru (Black) Features a Maori koru pattern depicting an unfurling fern frond, traditionally representing new life, growth, strength and peace. In this flag it is meant to also resemble a wave, cloud and ram's horn.[46]
When this design was revealed on the shortlist, the public immediately nicknamed it "Hypnoflag" and "Monkey Butt" via social media.[55][42]

Criticism of selection

The flag design shortlist was met with negative response from some members of the public, professional designers and vexillologists.[43] The selection was lambasted as unappealing, clichéd, dull and too logo-like. There were complaints that the four designs were far too similar to each other, as only one does not feature a large silver fern dividing the field, and two are identical except for a colour choice. The two Lockwood proposals were likened to the design of a beach towel,[44] at least until Lockwood pointed out that most national flags were made into beach towels.[45] Some commentators also felt that the Flag Consideration Panel was never qualified to make an adequate design selection, since none of its members had any credentials or experience in the fields of graphic design, art or vexillology.[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] The panel stated that it consulted vexillologists and designers to ensure that the flags chosen were workable and had no impediments.[21] According to journalist Grant McLachlan, the panel consulted a Nike shoe designer and not any vexillologists.[43]

Nándor Tánczos opined that the Flag Consideration Panel denied the public a chance to choose their favourite designs by deciding on their behalf, and ended up with a selection bad enough to potentially prevent a flag change as the referendum outcome.[71]

Red Peak

{{main|Red Peak flag}}

After public disappointment with the official shortlist of four options, a social media campaign was launched on 2 September[55] for the Red Peak flag, a design well-liked by supporters of changing the New Zealand flag who disapprove of the silver fern flag and other similar proposed designs. Despite not being selected by the official Flag Consideration Panel, the Red Peak design was supported by a grassroots social media campaign.[56][57] An online petition to support inclusion of the flag design as an option for the referendum gained support from 50,000 petitioners in fewer than two weeks,[58] and was handed over to Parliament by David Seymour on 16 September 2015.[59]

On 23 September, the Green Party MP Gareth Hughes attempted to introduce a bill to parliament to include Red Peak as an option in the first referendum. The bill's introduction was blocked by New Zealand First. Prime Minister John Key confirmed that the National Party would pick up the legislation, meaning the Red Peak flag was added as a fifth option in the flag referendum.[60] Red Peak gained 10.9% of the vote in the first referendum.[61]

Criticism and controversy

Priority

Opposition parties condemned the flag as low priority compared to current issues in the public consciousness such as the education system, lack of funding to district health boards, cuts to police services, child poverty, gridlock in Auckland among other transportation problems, lack of economic diversity, immigration, the housing crisis, Māori representation, and lack of written constitution. Trevor Mallard and Phil Goff cited the results of recent opinion polls that showed widespread public opposition or apathy (results are shown in the section below). These were used to argue that the referendums were unnecessary as the question was already answered by the public as a clear negative.[62]

Cost

Opposition parties, Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association (RSA) president Barry Clark and members of the public criticised the referendum plan for costing $26 million which could be spent on other issues.[63][64][65][66][67][68] Once the Flag Consideration Panel started its national tour, the cost of the campaign was again criticised. Various charities and social services emphasised how much $26 million could fund to help poverty alleviation, public health and education. Also, the $4 million publicity campaign was contrasted with the low turnout; at the Christchurch event only ten people arrived.[69]

John Key defended the cost of the referendum by stating that it is the price to ensure a genuine democratic process and would be a one-off cost for the next "50 to 100 years" regardless of the result.[70] David King pointed out that a stronger brand image for the country could lead to a net financial gain, especially through exports and tourism.[11]

Bias

The public opposition to a flag change was also contrasted with prime minister John Key's disproportionate drive to run the referendums, and members of parliament accused him of attempting a flag change as his "vanity project" or populist bread and circuses.[62][25] New Zealand First accused the referendum of acting as a distraction from poverty and housing issues.[18]

Various members of parliament accused the process and documents of being biased. Trevor Mallard and Phil Goff claimed that the final list of members of the Flag Consideration Panel was numerically slanted towards those nominated by the National Party, despite the shortlist of candidates being roughly neutral. Kennedy Graham expressed scepticism at the official rationale that the referendums simply reflected a pre-existing public debate, and argued that recent discussion was actually deliberately sparked by the referendums announcement itself. Denis O'Rourke said that the shortlisting process was undemocratic because the Flag Consideration Panel would select the final flag design options on behalf of New Zealanders, and asking the public to choose between alternative designs before asking if they wanted a change was intentionally manipulative. Stuart Nash presented quotes in the Regulatory Impact Statement document admitting that referendum options were restricted by prior decisions by the National Party dominated Cabinet and prime minister, accusing them of pre-determining the process.[62]

A third-party analysis of submissions to the consideration panel's StandFor.co.nz website revealed that negative submissions were filtered out and disregarded in the panel's report and the associated and widely publicised word cloud. According to this analysis, the largest term in the official word cloud, "equality", appeared in 4.89% of comments, whereas "keeping the current flag" was the most common theme and represented 31.96% of comments.[71] According to opposition MP Trevor Mallard this shows that the flag change process is suffering from "total spin" and that the panel is pushing to change the flag in breach of its mandate to be neutral.[31]

Documents revealed that Flag Consideration Panel judge Julie Christie is a board member of the New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE) body New Zealand Story where she "had formally agreed to support the use of the NZ Way Fern Mark in any flag design". This fern design ended up as one of the shortlist entries. Christie had declared this as a potential conflict of interest but it was dismissed as minor.[72]

Order of questions

During the first Parliamentary hearing, Labour Party, NZ First, Green Party and Māori Party expressed dissatisfaction with the order of the questions and said that the public should first be asked whether they want a change, and continue with a second referendum only if they do, or both questions compacted into one referendum, which could potentially save millions of dollars.[62][23] David Seymour (ACT's representative in the Cross-Party Group) said that the planned order made sense, as the public would need to see the alternative designs before deciding on a change.[73] Professor John Burrows, chair of the Flag Consideration Panel, agreed that familiarity with proposals is a prerequisite for a properly informed decision about them.[12]

Timing

Members of parliament were also concerned about the timing. Some expressed disgust at the timing of the bill just before the centenary of the Gallipoli landing, some said the process was rushed, and Louisa Wall said that no significant event had occurred to warrant a flag change at this time.[62] Nándor Tánczos noted a common perception that removing a symbol of British sovereignty from the flag before constitutionally removing British sovereignty is tokenistic.[74]

Inclusion of Red Peak flag

In September, the initial shortlist of four flags was amended to include the Red Peak flag after an online petition accrued 50,000 signatures. NZ First leader Winston Peters and former National Party official Grant McLachlan said that instead of respectfully incorporating wider public opinion, this inclusion was an ad hoc deference to a trendy but unrepresentative social media campaign. McLachlan demonstrated that online signatures could easily be forged by recording himself signing the petition sixteen times and fraudulently impersonating members of parliament. They accused the campaign of having dubious credibility and chided the government for considering the petition without checking the details sufficiently.[75]

Results

First referendum

If the New Zealand flag changes, which flag would you prefer?[76]

The first referendum started on 20 November 2015 with voting closing three weeks later on 11 December 2015. Preliminary results were released on the night of 11 December; official results were declared on 15 December. Using the preferential voting system,[77] it asked voters to rank the five shortlisted flag alternatives in order of preference. The most popular design would contend with the current national flag in the second referendum.[17][22][27][78][79]

Opponents of flag change encouraged members of the public to abstain from voting, render the voting paper invalid or strategically vote for the worst alternative flag as a protest.[80]

First New Zealand flag referendum, November–December 2015 (final results)[81]
OptionFirst preferenceSecond iterationThird iterationLast iteration
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Option A 559,587 40.15 564,660 40.85 613,159 44.77 670,790 50.58
Option E 580,241 41.64 584,442 42.28 607,070 44.33 655,466 49.42
Option B 122,152 8.77 134,561 9.73 149,321 10.90 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
Option D 78,925 5.66 98,595 7.13 colspan=4 {{n/a}}
Option C 52,710 3.78 colspan=6 {{n/a}}
Total 1,393,615 100.00 1,382,258 100.00 1,369,550 100.00 1,326,256 100.00
Non-transferable votes 11,357 0.73 24,065 1.56 67,359 4.35
Informal votes 149,747 9.68
Invalid votes 3,372 0.22
Total votes cast 1,546,734 100.00
turnout48.78

Non-transferable votes include voting papers that were not able to be transferred, as all of the preferences given had been exhausted. Informal votes include voting papers in which the voter had not clearly indicated their first preference. Invalid votes include voting papers that were unreadable or cancelled.

The added work of calculating results for individual electorates under preferential voting made no vote breakdown by electorate be available.

Second referendum

What is your choice for the New Zealand flag?[82]

The second referendum started on 3 March 2016 with voting closing three weeks later on 24 March 2016. It asks voters to choose between the existing New Zealand Flag and the preferred alternative design selected in the first referendum.[27][83] On 24 March 2016, the preliminary results of the second referendum were announced with the current flag winning 56.7% compared to 43.3% for the new flag.[84]

Second New Zealand flag referendum, March 2016[85]
OptionVotes
Num. %
Option 1 (alternative flag) 921,876 43.27
Option 2 (existing flag) 1,208,702 56.73
Total 2,130,578 100.00
Informal votes 5,044 0.21
Invalid votes 5,273 0.23
Total votes cast 2,140,895 100.00
turnout67.78%

Informal votes include voting papers where the voter had not clearly indicated their preference (e.g. votes returned blank or voting for both options).

Invalid votes include voting papers that were unreadable or cancelled.

Result by electorate

Of New Zealand's 71 electorates, only six had a majority vote in favour of the alternative flag: {{NZ electorate link|Bay of Plenty}}, {{NZ electorate link|Clutha-Southland}}, {{NZ electorate link|East Coast Bays}}, {{NZ electorate link|Ilam}}, {{NZ electorate link|Selwyn}} and {{NZ electorate link|Tāmaki}}.[86]

ElectorateOption 1Option 2InformalInvalidTurnout
Num. % Num %
{{NZ electorate link|Auckland Central}} 9,466 43.37 12,359 56.63 75 91 60.95%
{{NZ electorate link|Bay of Plenty}} 18,288 51.55 17,188 48.45 64 67 74.91%
{{NZ electorate link|Botany}} 13,925 48.40 14,844 51.60 63 37 60.39%
{{NZ electorate link|Christchurch Central}} 12,643 43.45 16,455 56.55 67 65 68.11%
{{NZ electorate link|Christchurch East}} 12,269 41.80 17,080 58.20 46 54 69.83%
{{NZ electorate link|Clutha-Southland}} 16,689 50.52 16,343 49.48 38 54 74.59%
{{NZ electorate link|Coromandel}} 17,074 45.36 20,567 54.64 70 71 76.82%
{{NZ electorate link|Dunedin North}} 10,077 35.74 18,121 64.26 101 61 65.93%
{{NZ electorate link|Dunedin South}} 13,494 38.43 21,618 61.57 73 54 75.83%
{{NZ electorate link|East Coast}} 14,108 42.40 19,163 57.60 66 71 70.90%
{{NZ electorate link|East Coast Bays}} 15,422 51.17 14,714 48.83 57 63 68.44%
{{NZ electorate link|Epsom}} 16,010 49.80 16,140 50.20 67 101 66.95%
{{NZ electorate link|Hamilton East}} 14,035 48.00 15,202 52.00 79 48 64.64%
{{NZ electorate link|Hamilton West}} 13,196 44.70 16,328 55.30 51 60 64.91%
{{NZ electorate link|Helensville}} 13,860 43.35 18,115 56.65 63 63 73.14%
{{NZ electorate link|Hunua}} 15,538 46.52 17,864 53.48 45 55 72.14%
{{NZ electorate link|Hutt South}} 14,531 42.94 19,306 57.06 83 299 70.72%
{{NZ electorate link|Ilam}} 16,226 50.85 15,684 49.15 60 77 72.50%
{{NZ electorate link|Invercargill}} 12,992 39.96 19,521 60.04 48 47 72.42%
{{NZ electorate link|Kaikoura}} 16,979 46.93 19,204 53.07 83 48 77.46%
{{NZ electorate link|Kelston}} 8,450 35.03 15,673 64.97 60 66 57.89%
{{NZ electorate link|Mana}} 13,207 43.23 17,341 56.77 84 67 66.92%
{{NZ electorate link|Māngere}} 5,054 29.00 12,375 71.00 57 54 42.39%
{{NZ electorate link|Manukau East}} 5,337 32.39 11,142 67.61 58 31 41.31%
{{NZ electorate link|Manurewa}} 6,308 34.39 12,032 65.61 66 45 45.19%
{{NZ electorate link|Maungakiekie}} 10,970 40.89 15,861 59.11 67 75 58.95%
{{NZ electorate link|Mount Albert}} 11,144 38.48 17,815 61.52 88 73 63.13%
{{NZ electorate link|Mount Roskill}} 11,240 41.58 15,795 58.42 71 65 59.09%
{{NZ electorate link|Napier}} 14,452 41.75 20,165 58.25 87 94 75.60%
{{NZ electorate link|Nelson}} 17,185 47.96 18,648 52.04 111 80 74.09%
{{NZ electorate link|New Lynn}} 10,664 39.50 16,335 60.50 63 68 60.48%
{{NZ electorate link|New Plymouth}} 17,342 49.18 17,921 50.82 77 81 72.48%
{{NZ electorate link|North Shore}} 17,361 49.50 17,714 50.50 74 91 71.42%
{{NZ electorate link|Northcote}} 13,362 43.72 17,202 56.28 86 52 66.00%
{{NZ electorate link|Northland}} 13,433 39.18 20,848 60.82 89 97 74.12%
{{NZ electorate link|Ōhāriu}} 15,055 46.01 17,669 53.99 79 102 72.79%
{{NZ electorate link|Ōtaki}} 15,316 42.45 20,768 57.55 79 63 76.98%
{{NZ electorate link|Pakuranga}} 14,409 46.78 16,391 53.22 59 59 66.76%
{{NZ electorate link|Palmerston North}} 12,505 41.96 17,295 58.04 67 77 69.48%
{{NZ electorate link|Papakura}} 12,175 40.95 17,557 59.05 42 67 63.61%
{{NZ electorate link|Port Hills}} 16,709 45.91 19,689 54.09 99 61 74.84%
{{NZ electorate link|Rangitata}} 17,095 48.27 18,322 51.73 57 39 75.74%
{{NZ electorate link|Rangitīkei}} 14,672 43.95 18,710 56.05 42 71 76.95%
{{NZ electorate link|Rimutaka}} 13,016 40.11 19,438 59.89 74 63 69.77%
{{NZ electorate link|Rodney}} 18,070 47.45 20,009 52.55 86 56 76.47%
{{NZ electorate link|Rongotai}} 11,382 37.20 19,215 62.80 124 121 66.52%
{{NZ electorate link|Rotorua}} 13,428 43.67 17,324 56.33 65 62 70.82%
{{NZ electorate link|Selwyn}} 18,604 51.73 17,361 48.27 61 45 79.43%
{{NZ electorate link|Tāmaki}} 16,992 51.98 15,697 48.02 75 82 71.40%
{{NZ electorate link|Taranaki-King Country}} 15,477 48.11 16,692 51.89 59 98 75.22%
{{NZ electorate link|Taupō}} 16,312 46.96 18,421 53.04 73 47 73.78%
{{NZ electorate link|Tauranga}} 17,554 49.82 17,683 50.18 76 64 73.79%
{{NZ electorate link|Te Atatū}} 10,280 37.98 16,789 62.02 70 46 61.06%
{{NZ electorate link|Tukituki}} 14,486 43.34 18,939 56.66 63 70 72.93%
{{NZ electorate link|Upper Harbour}} 12,621 44.12 15,984 55.88 55 59 62.86%
{{NZ electorate link|Waikato}} 16,570 47.72 18,150 52.28 59 63 74.81%
{{NZ electorate link|Waimakariri}} 17,337 48.94 18,085 51.06 58 40 78.14%
{{NZ electorate link|Wairarapa}} 15,306 43.16 20,159 56.84 88 66 75.50%
{{NZ electorate link|Waitaki}} 19,092 49.52 19,462 50.48 85 36 77.95%
{{NZ electorate link|Wellington Central}} 12,124 41.05 17,410 58.95 144 136 65.27%
{{NZ electorate link|West Coast-Tasman}} 14,158 41.96 19,582 58.04 101 53 75.17%
{{NZ electorate link|Whanganui}} 13,761 40.90 19,888 59.10 61 71 73.01%
{{NZ electorate link|Whangarei}} 14,671 41.38 20,781 58.62 67 55 73.81%
{{NZ electorate link|Wigram}} 11,679 43.03 15,465 56.97 56 67 67.88%
{{NZ electorate link|Hauraki-Waikato}} 3,996 25.50 11,672 74.50 54 72 45.70%
{{NZ electorate link|Ikaroa-Rāwhiti}} 3,817 22.72 12,985 77.28 76 125 49.01%
{{NZ electorate link|Tāmaki Makaurau}} 3,396 22.11 11,967 77.89 68 100 44.80%
{{NZ electorate link|Te Tai Hauāuru}} 4,190 26.02 11,912 73.98 81 80 50.04%
{{NZ electorate link|Te Tai Tokerau}} 3,755 21.19 13,966 78.81 84 100 51.24%
{{NZ electorate link|Te Tai Tonga}} 5,479 31.95 11,667 68.05 55 73 51.15%
{{NZ electorate link|Waiariki}} 4,056 23.90 12,915 76.10 65 64 48.67%
Not identifiable – – – – – 195 –
Total 921,876 43.27 1,208,702 56.73 5,044 5,273 67.78%

Multiple voting reports

After the first referendum, the Electoral Commission referred seven cases of people apparently voting more than once to police.[87]

On 8 and 9 March, the Electoral Commission referred four more cases of apparent multiple voting to police. This included one case of an Auckland man allegedly voting with 300 ballot papers stolen from other people's mailboxes.[88]

Voting more than once is known as personation and is identified as a corrupt electoral practice under both the Electoral Act 1993 and the Flag Referendums Act. A person convicted of personation is liable to up to two years' imprisonment and a fine up to $40,000, and carries a mandatory disqualification from enrolling or voting for three years.[89]

See also

  • New Zealand flag debate

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|New Zealand flag referendums, 2015–16}}
  • {{Official website|1=http://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/ArcAggregator//arcView/resource/IE25848623//https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/the-nz-flag-your-chance-to-decide/|2=Official referendum and flag submission website}}
{{New Zealand flags}}{{New Zealand elections}}{{DEFAULTSORT:New Zealand flag referendums, 2015-16}}

8 : Flag controversies|Proposed flags of New Zealand|Referendums in New Zealand|2015 in New Zealand|2016 in New Zealand|2015 referendums|2016 referendums|Multiple-choice referendums
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