| 词条 | Valdes Peninsula |
| 释义 |
| WHS = Península Valdés | image = Peninsula Valdés STS-68.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = Peninsula Valdés, photo taken during Space Shuttle program STS-68. | location = Biedma Department, Chubut Province, Argentina | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(x)}}(x) | ID = 937 | coordinates = {{coord|42|30|S|64|0|W|format=dms|display=inline, title}} | year = 1999 | area = {{convert|360,000|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | buffer_zone = | website = {{url|peninsulavaldes.org.ar}} | locmapin = Argentina Chubut Province#Argentina | map_caption = | embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Humedales de Península Valdés | designation1_date = 20 July 2012 | designation1_number = 2070[1]}} }} The Valdes Peninsula (Spanish: Península Valdés) is a peninsula into the Atlantic Ocean in the Biedma Department of north-east Chubut Province, Argentina. Around {{convert|3625|km2|acre sqmi|abbr=on}} in size (not taking into account the isthmus of Carlos Ameghino which connects the peninsula to the mainland), it is an important nature reserve which was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999. GeographyThe nearest large town is Puerto Madryn. The only town on the peninsula is the small settlement of Puerto Pirámides. There are also a number of estancias, where sheep are raised. Most of the peninsula is barren land with some salt lakes. The largest of these lakes is at an elevation of about 40 m below sea level (see extremes on Earth), until recently thought to be the lowest elevation in Argentina and South America (the lowest point actually being Laguna del Carbón, Argentina). FaunaThe coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals. The inner part of the peninsula is inhabited by rheas, guanacos and maras. A high diversity and range of birds live in the peninsula as well; at least 181 bird species, 66 of which migratory, live in the area, including the Antarctic pigeon. {{gallery|height=120|width=120|lines=3 |Image:Ballenafranca+alvina.jpg|Whale watching |Image:Whale underwater - panoramio.jpg|Whale underwater off the peninsula |File:Ballena en Argentinaa.jpg|Whale in Valdes Peninsula |File:Halbinsel Valdes Pinguine.jpg|Magellanic penguins |File:Chubut-PeninsulaValdes-Armadillo-TatuCarreta-P2230729b.jpg|Pichi |File:Halbinsel Valdes Guanako.jpg|Wild guanaco |File:Argentine Gray Fox.jpg|Argentine grey fox |File:Südamerikanischer Seelöwen.jpg|Southern elephant seals |File:Robben-001.jpg|South American sea lions }} ClimateValdes Peninsula has a semi-arid climate.[2] It has a climate typical of northern Patagonia that is modified with interactions between atmospheric circulation patterns and the adjacent ocean.[3][4] The peninsula is located between the subtropical high pressure belt (located at 30oS) and the subpolar low pressure zone (located between 60o–70oS), resulting in the wind being predominantly from the west.[2][4] The mean annual temperature is {{convert|10.6|C|F|1}},[2] ranging from a mean monthly temperature of {{convert|8|C|F|1}} in winter to {{convert|18|C|F|1}} in summer.[4] During winter, temperatures fluctuate between {{convert|0|to|15|C|F|1}} with frosts being common, averaging 12–20 days during the season.[2] Temperatures in the summer can fluctuate between {{convert|15|to|35|C|F|1}}.[2] Mean annual precipitation is low, averaging {{convert|240|mm|in|abbr=on}} although this is highly variable from year to year.[2] The interior of the peninsula receives slightly lower precipitation than the coastal areas, receiving {{convert|200|to|225|mm|in|abbr=on}} per year.[3] Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year though April–June receives the most precipitation.[4][3] The El Niño Southern Oscillation strongly influences the climate of the peninsula.[4] During an El Niño year, precipitation is higher from November to February.[4] {{Weather box|location = Punta Delgada Lighthouse, Valdes Peninsula |metric first = yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 35.9 |Feb record high C = 35.6 |Mar record high C = 34.9 |Apr record high C = 30.1 |May record high C = 24.5 |Jun record high C = 20.9 |Jul record high C = 17.9 |Aug record high C = 21.9 |Sep record high C = 26.9 |Oct record high C = 30.4 |Nov record high C = 34.9 |Dec record high C = 37.2 |year record high C = 37.2 |Jan high C = 22.8 |Feb high C = 23.2 |Mar high C = 21.1 |Apr high C = 18.6 |May high C = 14.6 |Jun high C = 12.2 |Jul high C = 11.2 |Aug high C = 11.6 |Sep high C = 13.7 |Oct high C = 17.2 |Nov high C = 19.4 |Dec high C = 21.8 |year high C = 17.3 |Jan mean C = 17.4 |Feb mean C = 17.6 |Mar mean C = 16.1 |Apr mean C = 13.7 |May mean C = 10.8 |Jun mean C = 8.2 |Jul mean C = 7.1 |Aug mean C = 7.7 |Sep mean C = 9.2 |Oct mean C = 11.5 |Nov mean C = 13.8 |Dec mean C = 15.7 |year mean C = 12.4 |Jan low C = 13.1 |Feb low C = 13.3 |Mar low C = 12.0 |Apr low C = 10.2 |May low C = 7.0 |Jun low C = 4.3 |Jul low C = 3.6 |Aug low C = 3.2 |Sep low C = 5.5 |Oct low C = 7.4 |Nov low C = 9.8 |Dec low C = 12.0 |year low C = 8.5 |Jan record low C = 5.1 |Feb record low C = 5.4 |Mar record low C = 4.3 |Apr record low C = 0.3 |May record low C = -0.1 |Jun record low C = -3.4 |Jul record low C = -3.5 |Aug record low C = -2.9 |Sep record low C = -4.9 |Oct record low C = -2.4 |Nov record low C = 1.6 |Dec record low C = 2.7 |year record low C = -4.9 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 13.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 10.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 23.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 25.9 |May precipitation mm = 25.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 25.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 27.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 14.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 16.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 12.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 13.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 15.1 |year precipitation mm = 223.5 |Jan humidity = 68.0 |Feb humidity = 68.5 |Mar humidity = 68.5 |Apr humidity = 68.5 |May humidity = 72.5 |Jun humidity = 76.5 |Jul humidity = 77.0 |Aug humidity = 72.5 |Sep humidity = 72.5 |Oct humidity = 68.0 |Nov humidity = 69.0 |Dec humidity = 67.5 |year humidity = 70.8 |source 1 = Secretaria de Mineria[5] |date=August 2015 }} References1. ^{{Cite web|title=Humedales de Península Valdés|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2070|accessdate=25 April 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160321005238/http://www.ambiente.gov.ar/archivos/web/GTRA/file/Humedales/FIR%20Pen%C3%ADnsula%20Vald%C3%A9s%20aprobada.pdf |archivedate= 21 March 2016 |url= http://www.ambiente.gov.ar/archivos/web/GTRA/file/Humedales/FIR%20Pen%C3%ADnsula%20Vald%C3%A9s%20aprobada.pdf |title= Ficha Informativa de los Humedales de Ramsar (FIR) – Versión 2009-2012 |publisher= Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable |language= Spanish |accessdate= October 10, 2015 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web | url = http://www.puertopiramides.gov.ar/ubicacion-clima-eng.html | title = Location and Climate | publisher = Municipio de Puerto Pirámides | accessdate = October 10, 2015}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429000608/http://peninsulavaldes.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/3-Cap%C3%ADtulo-I-P-II-f%C3%ADsico.pdf |archivedate=29 April 2018 |url=http://peninsulavaldes.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/3-Capítulo-I-P-II-físico.pdf |title=Capítulo I: Caracterización y Antecedentes |work=Plan de Manejo del Sistema Península Valdés |publisher=Administración Area Natural Protegida Península Valdés |language=Spanish |accessdate=October 10, 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150119032939/http://www.mineria.gob.ar/estudios/irn/chubut/estacionesmeteorol%C3%B3gicas3.asp| archivedate = January 19, 2015| url = http://www.mineria.gob.ar/estudios/irn/chubut/estacionesmeteorológicas3.asp| language = Spanish| title = Provincia de Chubut - Clima Y Meteorologia: Datos Meteorologicos Y Pluviometicos| publisher = Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina)| accessdate = August 20, 2015}} External links{{commons}}
| url = http://www.caracara.org/birding/archi00/trip_peninsula_valdez.html | title = Chile - Argentina 2000: Peninsula Valdez | publisher = caracara.org | date = 2000 | accessdate = 1 February 2010 }}
| url = http://www.puertopiramides.gov.ar/ | title = El Portal de Puerto Pirámides (Puerto Pirámides' official page) | language = Spanish | accessdate = 1 February 2010 }}
| url = http://www.pnor.org/ | title = Punta Norte Orca Research | accessdate = 1 February 2010 }} (Orca Conservation group at the Peninsula Valdes) {{World Heritage Sites in Argentina}} 5 : World Heritage Sites in Argentina|Landforms of Chubut Province|Peninsulas of Argentina|Ramsar sites in Argentina|Tourist attractions in Chubut Province |
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