| 词条 | Valladolid, Yucatán | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Valladolid | settlement_type = City | image_shield = Escudo de Valladolid, Yucatan.svg | shield_size = 120x90px | image_skyline = Valladolid letras.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | named_for = Valladolid, Spain | nickname = La Sultana del Oriente (The Sultaness of the East) | motto = Cuatro Veces Heróica (Four Times Heroic) | image_map = Valladolid en Yucatan.svg | map_caption = Location of Valladolid within State of Yucatan | pushpin_map = Mexico | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Valladolid within Mexico | coordinates = {{coord|20|41|22|N|88|12|06|W|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Mexico | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Yucatán | subdivision_type2 = Municipality | subdivision_name2 = Valladolid | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_title = Municipal president | leader_name = Alpha Tavera Escalante (2015-2018) | established_title = City Founded | established_date = May 28, 1543[1] | founder = Francisco de Montejo (the Nephew) | unit_pref = Imperial | area_total_sq_mi = 431.4 | elevation_ft = 30 | population_footnotes =[2] | population_total = 48973 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= auto | population_demonym = Vallisoletano(a) | population_note = | seat_type = IDH | seat = {{increase}} 0.7745[3] high | timezone1 = Central Standard Time | utc_offset1 = -6 | timezone1_DST = Central Daylight Time | utc_offset1_DST = -5 | postal_code_type = ZIP | postal_code = 97780 | area_code_type = Calling Code | area_code = 985 | iso_code = | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = Aw | website = | footnotes = }} Valladolid (Saki' in Maya) (Spanish {{Audio-IPA|Valladolid Prounciation.ogg|}}) is a city located in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Yucatán. It is the seat of Valladolid Municipality. As of the 2010 census the population of the city was 45,868 inhabitants (the third-largest community in the state), and that of the municipality was 74,217. The municipality has an areal extent of 945.22 km² (364.95 sq mi) and includes many outlying communities, the largest of which are Popolá, Kanxoc, Yalcobá, and Xocén. Valladolid is located approximately 160 km east of the state capital Mérida, 40 km east of Chichen Itza, and 150 km west of Cancun. On August 30, 2012, Valladolid became part of the Pueblo Mágico promotional initiative led by the Mexican tourism department. HistoryNamed after Valladolid, at the time the capital of Spain. The name derives from the Arabic expression Ballad Al-Walid بلد الوليد, which means "city of Al-Walid", referring to Al-Walid I. the first Valladolid in Yucatán was established by Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Montejo's nephew on May 27, 1543 at some distance from the current town, at a lagoon called Chouac-Ha in the municipality of Tizimin. However, early Spanish settlers complained about the mosquitos and humidity at the original location, and petitioned to have the city moved further inland. On March 24, 1545, Valladolid was relocated to its current location, built atop a Maya town called Zaci or Zaci-Val, whose buildings were dismantled to reuse the stones to build the Spanish colonial town. The following year the Maya people revolted, but were put down with additional Spanish troops coming from Mérida. Valladolid had a population of 15,000 in 1840. In January 1847, the native Mayans rioted, killing some eighty whites and sacking their houses. After a Mayan noble was shot by firing squad, the riot became a general uprising. It was led by Jacinto Pat, batab of Tihosuco and by Cecilio Chi of nearby Ichmul.[4] The city and the surrounding region was the scene of intense battle during Yucatán's Caste War, and the Ladino forces were forced to abandon Valladolid on March 14, 1848, with half being killed by ambush before they reached Mérida. The city was sacked by the Maya rebels but was recaptured later in the war. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Valladolid was the third largest and most important city of the Yucatán Peninsula, (after Mérida and Campeche). It had a sizable well-to-do Criollo population, with a number of old Spanish style mansions in the old city. Valladolid was widely known by its nickname The Sultana of the East. SightsValladolid is a popular city in which to explore the history and culture of the Yucatan peninsula. From colonial era churches and architecture to natural attractions like cenote, notable sights include the colonial era cathedral Ex-convent and church Convent of San Bernardino de Siena named after saint Bernardino of Siena which was built by Franciscan missionaries between 1552 and 1560 in the Sisal neighbourhood. In downtown Valladolid is the cathedral of San Servacio located in the main square of the city. The center of the city's grid-like road structure features a plaza surrounded by restaurants and shops. Located close to the heart of the city is the Cenote Zaci, a landscaped freshwater cenote or underground sinkhole in which visitors can explore and swim. There is also a restaurant in the premises of the Cenote Zaci and artisans selling handcrafts. Valladolid is a popular base for visiting nearby major Mayan ruins such as Chichen Itza and Ek' Balam, as well as Cenote Ik Kil. Many principal sites are marked with bilingual signage to make them more hospitable for English-speaking tourists. Places of interestDowntown Valladolid
GastronomyThe typical dish of the region is "Lomitos de Valladolid" which is a pork dish in fresh tomato sauce; Cochinita pibil meat marinated in achiote, which comes from the Bixa orellana bitter orange, and spices, wrapped in Banana leaf and barbecued or baked in a pit; "lechon al horno", "bistek de cazuela", "relleno negro" which is turkey cooked with a paste of charred chillies and vegetables with bits of hard-boiled eggs, "frijol con puerco" and chicken in escabeche. Valladolid is also known for its Longaniza which are a type of pork based salami sausage with traditional condiments. Local traditional candies are based on materials from the region such as honey, coconut, corn and others. Traditional ice cream is very popular and a must have on your visit. The most common flavours are coconut, corn and fruits of the region as "guanabana" or Soursop, "mamey" or Pouteria sapota Sapote and others. ClimateThe climate in the Yucatan peninsula is hot and dry. There is also tropical rain with hot and predominate trade winds most times of the year. Valladolid features a tropical wet and dry climate. The city lies in the trade wind belt close to the Tropic of Cancer, with the prevailing wind from the east. Valladolid's climate is hot and humidity is moderate to high, depending on the time of year. The average annual high temperature is 33 °C (91 °F), ranging from 28 °C (82 °F) in January to 36 °C (97 °F) in May, but temperatures often rise above 38 °C (100 °F) in the afternoon in this time. Low temperatures range between 18 °C (64 °F) in January to 23 °C (73 °F) in May and June. It is most often a few degrees hotter in Valladolid than coastal areas due to its inland location and low elevation. The rainy season runs from June through October, associated with the Mexican monsoon which draws warm, moist air landward. Easterly waves and tropical storms also affect the area during this season. {{Weather box|location = Valladolid, Yucatán (1981–2000) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 36.3 |Feb record high C = 36.6 |Mar record high C = 40.5 |Apr record high C = 41.6 |May record high C = 42.8 |Jun record high C = 40.4 |Jul record high C = 39.6 |Aug record high C = 39.5 |Sep record high C = 38.5 |Oct record high C = 38.5 |Nov record high C = 37.5 |Dec record high C = 34.6 |year record high C = 42.8 |Jan high C = 29.8 |Feb high C = 31.3 |Mar high C = 33.0 |Apr high C = 35.2 |May high C = 36.2 |Jun high C = 34.5 |Jul high C = 34.6 |Aug high C = 34.6 |Sep high C = 33.9 |Oct high C = 32.4 |Nov high C = 31.1 |Dec high C = 29.9 |year high C = 33.0 |Jan mean C = 23.5 |Feb mean C = 24.4 |Mar mean C = 25.7 |Apr mean C = 27.9 |May mean C = 29.1 |Jun mean C = 28.8 |Jul mean C = 28.4 |Aug mean C = 28.4 |Sep mean C = 28.1 |Oct mean C = 26.8 |Nov mean C = 25.0 |Dec mean C = 23.8 |year mean C = 26.6 |Jan low C = 17.1 |Feb low C = 17.5 |Mar low C = 18.5 |Apr low C = 20.6 |May low C = 22.1 |Jun low C = 23.1 |Jul low C = 22.2 |Aug low C = 22.2 |Sep low C = 22.2 |Oct low C = 21.2 |Nov low C = 18.9 |Dec low C = 17.6 |year low C = 20.3 |Jan record low C = 7.6 |Feb record low C = 8.4 |Mar record low C = 8.1 |Apr record low C = 10.7 |May record low C = 13.4 |Jun record low C = 19.3 |Jul record low C = 19.4 |Aug record low C = 19.4 |Sep record low C = 19.4 |Oct record low C = 15.2 |Nov record low C = 11.2 |Dec record low C = 9.1 |year record low C = 7.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 39.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 56.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 59.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 33.8 |May precipitation mm = 74.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 172.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 141.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 141.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 176.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 145.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 46.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 53.5 |year precipitation mm = 1141.2 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 6.1 |Feb precipitation days = 4.2 |Mar precipitation days = 3.0 |Apr precipitation days = 3.1 |May precipitation days = 7.3 |Jun precipitation days = 12.9 |Jul precipitation days = 15.5 |Aug precipitation days = 17.1 |Sep precipitation days = 18.4 |Oct precipitation days = 14.6 |Nov precipitation days = 5.9 |Dec precipitation days = 5.8 |year precipitation days = 113.8 |Jan humidity = 75 |Feb humidity = 71 |Mar humidity = 69 |Apr humidity = 68 |May humidity = 68 |Jun humidity = 75 |Jul humidity = 75 |Aug humidity = 76 |Sep humidity = 78 |Oct humidity = 79 |Nov humidity = 77 |Dec humidity = 76 |year humidity = 74 |Jan sun = 224 |Feb sun = 242 |Mar sun = 272 |Apr sun = 259 |May sun = 251 |Jun sun = 229 |Jul sun = 223 |Aug sun = 223 |Sep sun = 203 |Oct sun = 233 |Nov sun = 209 |Dec sun = 210 |year sun = 2778 |source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico National[5] |source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)[6]{{efn|Station ID for Valladolid, YUC. is 76647 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}} |date=May 2015}} TransportationValladolid has a structured road service which makes it easy to travel around. Travellers driving through the peninsula have the option of taking the federal road or the toll route and both roads go through Valladolid. In the city there are taxi services at reasonable rates and public transportation which is popular for students and locals but not recommended for tourists. There is an Autobuses de Oriente bus terminal situated in the heart of the city which serves to the travellers going to all mayor cities in the Yucatan peninsula, such as Mérida, Cancun, Playa del Carmen and Tulum as well as archeological sites such as Chichen Itza Coba and Ek' Balam Sister citiesThe city of Valladolid has maintained a sister city relationship with Asheville, North Carolina since 2006.[7]
GalleryReferences1. ^Casares G. Cantón, Raúl; Duch Colell, Juan; Antochiw Kolpa, Michel; Zavala Vallado, Silvio et ál. Yucatán en el tiempo, 1998 {{ISBN|970 9071 04 1}}, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/default.asp?s=est&c=10395 |title=Principales resultados por localidad (ITER) |year=2005 |author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722200612/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/default.asp?s=est&c=10395 |archivedate=2011-07-22 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web |work=Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo |url=http://www.undp.org.mx/IMG/pdf/Yucatan.pdf |title=Indicadores de Desarrollo Humano y Género en México 2000-2005 |accessdate=16 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722230804/http://www.undp.org.mx/IMG/pdf/Yucatan.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^Ronald Wright, 'Stolen Continents, Conquest and resistance in the Americas.' 257 5. ^{{cite web |url = http://smn.cna.gob.mx/observatorios/historica/valladolid.pdf |title = NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1981–2000 |publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language = Spanish |accessdate = 6 May 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150215010346/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/observatorios/historica/valladolid.pdf |archive-date = 15 February 2015 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt| title = Station 76647 Valladolid, YUC.| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| accessdate = 6 May 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Valladolid,%20Mexico |title=Interactive City Directory: Valladolid, Mexico|publisher=Sister Cities International|accessdate=July 23, 2016}}
Notes{{notelist}}External links{{wikivoyage|Valladolid (Yucatan)}}
5 : Populated places in Yucatán|Populated places established in 1543|Tourism in Mexico|Pueblos Mágicos|1543 establishments in New Spain |
|||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。