| 词条 | 2016–19 Yemen cholera outbreak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Yemen Cholera Outbreak | map1 = Yemen on the globe (Yemen centered).svg | legend1 = | disease = Cholera | bacteria_strain = Vibrio cholerae | dates = October 2016 – present ({{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=2016|month1=10}}) | origin = Yemeni Civil War Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Saudi Blockade of Yemen Famine in Yemen (2016–present) | deaths = 2,310 from 27 April 2017 to July 1st, 2018[1] | confirmed_cases = 612,703[2][3] | suspected_cases = 1,055,788 since April 2017 as of February 15th 2018[4] }} In October 2016, an outbreak of cholera began in Yemen[5] and is ongoing as of February 2019.[6] In February and March 2017, the outbreak was in decline,[7][8] but the number of cholera cases resurged after 27 April 2017,[9] reportedly ten days after Sana'a's sewer system stopped working.[10] Devastation of Yemeni infrastructure, health, water and sanitation systems and facilities by Saudi-led coalition air strikes led to the spread of cholera.[7][8][9] Saudi-led coalition airstrikes are deliberately targeting water systems in Yemen.[10][11][12] The UN accused the Saudi-led coalition of "complete disregard for human life".[13] The outbreak is a result of the ongoing war led by the Saudi-led coalition against Houthis in Yemen since March 2015. As stated by in the statement of the UNICEF and WHO executive directors: "This deadly cholera outbreak is the direct consequence of two years of heavy conflict. Collapsing health, water and sanitation systems have cut off 14.5 million people from regular access to clean water and sanitation, increasing the ability of the disease to spread. Rising rates of malnutrition have weakened children's health and made them more vulnerable to disease. An estimated 30,000 dedicated local health workers who play the largest role in ending this outbreak have not been paid their salaries for nearly 10 months."[14] The outbreak is of an "unprecedented scale", according to the World Health Organization (WHO), one of the worst in recorded history.[15] OutbreakThe cholera outbreak began in early October 2016.[5][8] The World Health Organization (WHO) considers the outbreak to be unusual in its rapid and wide geographical spread.[22] The earliest cases were predominantly in the capital, Sana'a, with some occurring in Aden.[5] By the end of October, cases had been reported in the governorates of Al-Bayda, Aden, Al-Hudaydah, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij and Taiz[16] and, by late November, also in Al-Dhale'a and Amran.[17] By mid-December, 135 districts of 15 governorates had reported suspected cases, but nearly two-thirds were confined to Aden, Al-Bayda, Al-Hudaydah and Taiz.[18] By mid-January 2017, 80% of cases were located in 28 districts of Al-Dhale'a, Al-Hudaydah, Hajjah, Lahij and Taiz.[19] By the end of February 2017, the rate of spread in most areas had reduced,[20] and by mid-March 2017, the outbreak was in decline. A total of 25,827 suspected cases, including 129 deaths, had been reported by 26 April 2017.[21] The number of cholera cases resurged after 27 April 2017.[9] During May, 74,311 suspected cases, including 605 deaths, were reported.[21] By 24 June 2017, UNICEF and WHO estimated that the total number of cases in the country since the outbreak began in October had exceeded 200,000, with 1,300 deaths, and that 5,000 new cases a day were occurring.[9][22][23] The two agencies stated that it was then "the worst cholera outbreak in the world".[9] Approximately half of the cases, and a quarter of the deaths, were among children.[10] As of 12 June 2017, the case fatality rate for the outbreak was 0.7%, with higher rates in people over 60 years old (3.2%).[24] The serotype of Vibrio cholerae involved is Ougawa.[24] A total of 268 districts from 20 of the country's 23 governorates had reported cases by 21 June 2017;[25] over half are from the governorates of Amanat Al Asimah (the capital Sana'a), Al Hudeideh, Amran and Hajjah, which are all located in the west of the country.[24] On 23 June 2017, Saudi Arabia authorized a donation in excess of $66 million, while continuing its airstrikes and military operations in Yemen.[26] By 4 July 2017, there were 269,608 cases and the death toll was at 1,614 with a total case fatality rate of 0.6%.[27] From 27 April to 14 August there were nearly 2,000 documented death cases from cholera.[28] On 14 August 2017 the WHO updated the number of suspected cholera cases to 500,000.[29] On 22 December 2017, the World Health Organization reported the number of suspected cholera cases in Yemen had surpassed 1 million.[30] After a decline to fewer than 1000 cases per month in the first half of 2018, WHO reported an increase beginning in September with 10,000 suspected cases per week.[31] The WHO warned that a third wave of cholera might be underway that was related to Saudi air strikes in Houthi-controlled areas in the western region around the port city of Hodeidah.[32] Eight governates were reporting an increase in suspected cases.[33] Since April 2017, 1.2 million suspected cases had been reported with 2510 deaths (a low case fatality rate of 0.21% suggested some non-cholera diarrhea). About a third of the suspected cases were children under 5 years of age. As of October 2018, 2980 cases were confirmed. In May, on oral cholera vaccine campaign was launched,[34] but the shortages of vaccine and the ongoing conflict made delivery into all areas difficult.[35] Associated factorsUNICEF and WHO attributed the outbreak to malnutrition and collapsing sanitation and clean water systems due to the country's ongoing conflict.[36] An ICRC worker in Yemen noted that April's cholera resurgence began ten days after Sana'a's sewer system stopped working.[10] The impacts of the outbreak were exacerbated by the collapse of the Yemeni health services, where many health workers remained unpaid for months.[37] The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the UN pointed to the naval and aerial blockade and bombing campaign by the Saudi-led coalition as central causes behind the preventable cholera epidemic.[38][39] {{Quote|text=With the right medicines, these [diseases] are all completely treatable – but the Saudi Arabia-led coalition is stopping them from getting in.|author=Grant Pritchard, Save the Children's interim country director for Yemen, April 2017 |source=Vice News[40]}}Efforts to reduce the cholera outbreakFrom 27 April 2017 to 20 September 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) had partnered with 50 different organizations across and trained around 900 health workers in Yemen in efforts to combat the cholera crisis. Among the efforts implemented were the opening of 36 diarrhea treatment centers and 139 oral rehydration corners were established. Additionally, medical resources including 1 million bags of IV fluids and 1450 cholera beds had been provided across the country and 158 cholera kits had been distributed. As a result, more than 700,000 people had been treated for suspected cholera. The response also contributed to a decline in cases in some of the worst-affected districts in the country. More than 99% of the suspected cases were no longer in a life-threatening situation.[41] News coverage on the cholera outbreakThe cholera outbreak in Yemen gained global attention. The PBS article "Biggest challenge of Yemen’s humanitarian crisis is making the world pay attention" [42] and the Independent's article on "Yemen cholera outbreak set to be the worst on record" [43] were two of many reports that drew attention to the magnitude of the crisis. Headlines highlighted that the outbreak was spiraling out of control[44] and could potentially affect more than 1 million lives by 2018.[45][46] June 2018 - Airstrike on cholera treatment center in AbsDoctors Without Borders reported that a Saudi Arabian coalition airstrike struck a new Médecins Sans Frontières cholera treatment center in Abs, in northwestern Yemen. Doctors Without Borders reported that they had provided GPS coordinates to Saudi Arabia on twelve separate occasions, and had received nine written responses confirming receipt of those coordinates [47] Statistics
Note 1: Starting in December 2017,[74] The World Health Organization began counting cases of cholera from 27 April 2017 onwards instead of from October 2016.[86] This is resolved by adding 26 070 suspected cholera cases and 120 deaths from December onwards. Note 2: Starting on 8 November 2018, The World Health Organization began counting cases of cholera from 1 January 2018 onwards instead of from 27 April 2017.[90] This is resolved by adding 1 048 701 suspected cholera cases and 2358 deaths from 21 October onwards. See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-19-july-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO {{!}} Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 19 July 2018 {{!}} Cholera {{!}} Epidemic and pandemic diseases|last=CSR|website=www.emro.who.int|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101114238/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-19-july-2018.html|archive-date=1 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} {{Yemeni Civil War (2015)}}{{Cholera}}{{DEFAULTSORT:2016-17 Yemen cholera outbreak}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Epidemiology bulletin 36, 16 July 2017|url=http://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/Yemen_epi_d_update_20170716.pdf?ua=1|publisher=WHO-EMRO|accessdate=4 July 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-cholera-idUSKBN1AA15D|title=Yemen cholera epidemic slowing after infecting 400,000|date=25 July 2017|publisher=Reuters|access-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830234621/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-cholera-idUSKBN1AA15D|archive-date=30 August 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-15-february-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO {{!}} Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 15 February 2018 {{!}} Cholera {{!}} Epidemic and pandemic diseases|last=CSR|website=www.emro.who.int|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225225609/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-15-february-2018.html|archive-date=25 February 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/outbreaks/cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|title=Cholera cases in Yemen|date=10 October 2016|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=26 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522122040/http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/outbreaks/cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|archive-date=22 May 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-07-february-2019.html|title=WHO EMRO {{!}} Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 07 February 2019 {{!}} Cholera {{!}} Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|access-date=2019-02-10}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-05-15/thousands-yemen-get-sick-entirely-preventable-cholera-outbreak|title=Thousands in Yemen get sick in an entirely preventable cholera outbreak|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153648/https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-05-15/thousands-yemen-get-sick-entirely-preventable-cholera-outbreak|archive-date=25 July 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2017/12/14/us_backed_saudi_air_campaign_in|title=U.S. Support "Vital" to Saudi Bombing of Yemen, Targeting Food Supplies as Millions Face Famine|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918211706/https://www.democracynow.org/2017/12/14/us_backed_saudi_air_campaign_in|archive-date=18 September 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/02/blame-saudi-coalition-for-yemen-cholera-outbreak|title=Blame the Saudis for Yemen's cholera outbreak – they are targeting the people - Jonathan Kennedy|first=Jonathan|last=Kennedy|date=2 August 2017|website=the Guardian|accessdate=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913091220/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/02/blame-saudi-coalition-for-yemen-cholera-outbreak|archive-date=13 September 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/access-water-continues-be-jeopardized-millions-children-war-torn-yemen|title=Access to water continues to be jeopardized for millions of children in war-torn Yemen|website=www.unicef.org|accessdate=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153523/https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/access-water-continues-be-jeopardized-millions-children-war-torn-yemen|archive-date=25 July 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/07/25/569191/UNICEF-Yemen-Saudi-Arabia|title=PressTV-UNICEF censures Saudi attacks on Yemen water systems|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918182318/https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/07/25/569191/UNICEF-Yemen-Saudi-Arabia|archive-date=18 September 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201807251066660140-yemen-attack-leavs-without-water/|title=Water Facility Attack Cuts Off 10,500 People From Safe Drinking Water in Yemen|first=|last=Sputnik|website=sputniknews.com|accessdate=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726105554/https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201807251066660140-yemen-attack-leavs-without-water/|archive-date=26 July 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-civil-war-saudi-arabia-air-strikes-civilian-deaths-one-day-killed-un-united-nations-a8131841.html|title=Saudi-led air strikes in Yemen killed 68 civilians in one day, UN says|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221023239/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-civil-war-saudi-arabia-air-strikes-civilian-deaths-one-day-killed-un-united-nations-a8131841.html|archive-date=21 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/yemen/media_12062.html|title=UNICEF Yemen - Media centre - Statement from UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake and WHO Director-General Margaret Chan on the cholera outbreak in Yemen as suspected cases exceed 200,000|website=www.unicef.org|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804213013/https://www.unicef.org/yemen/media_12062.html|archive-date=4 August 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/oct/12/yemen-cholera-outbreak-worst-in-history-1-million-cases-by-end-of-year|title=Yemen's cholera outbreak now the worst in history as millionth case looms|last=Lyons|first=Kate|date=2017-10-12|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323062638/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/oct/12/yemen-cholera-outbreak-worst-in-history-1-million-cases-by-end-of-year|archive-date=23 March 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/update-on-the-cholera-situation-in-yemen-30-october-2016.html |title=Update on the cholera situation in Yemen, 30 October 2016 |publisher=World Health Organization |date=30 October 2016 |accessdate=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709164033/http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/update-on-the-cholera-situation-in-yemen-30-october-2016.html |archive-date=9 July 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/cholera-cases-in-yemen-24-november-2016.html |title=Cholera cases in Yemen, 24 November 2016 |publisher=World Health Organization |date=24 November 2016 |accessdate=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607014324/http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/cholera-cases-in-yemen-24-november-2016.html |archive-date=7 June 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen.html |title=Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen |publisher=World Health Organization |date=22 December 2016 |accessdate=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506035425/http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen.html |archive-date=6 May 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 19. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-15-jan-2017.html |title=Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen |publisher=World Health Organization |date=15 January 2017 |accessdate=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522112011/http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-15-jan-2017.html |archive-date=22 May 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 20. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/cholera-update-yemen-26feb.html |title=Update on cholera in Yemen |publisher=World Health Organization |date=26 February 2017 |accessdate=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607020729/http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/surveillance-news/cholera-update-yemen-26feb.html |archive-date=7 June 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 21. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/EMROPub_2017_EN_19878.pdf?ua=1 |title=Cholera situation in Yemen: May 2017 | publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate= 27 June 2017}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=UN: 1,310 dead in Yemen cholera epidemic|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/1310-dead-yemen-cholera-epidemic-170624141413415.html|accessdate=26 June 2017|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625225946/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/1310-dead-yemen-cholera-epidemic-170624141413415.html|archive-date=25 June 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 23. ^{{cite news|title=Yemen faces world's worst cholera outbreak – UN|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40395522|accessdate=26 June 2017|publisher=BBC News|date=25 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625200910/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40395522|archive-date=25 June 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 24. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/yemen/YEMEN_cholera_response_sit_rep_no_3.pdf?ua=1 |title=Yemen: Cholera outbreak response: Situation report No. 3 |publisher=World Health Organization |date=12 June 2017 |accessdate=26 June 2017 }} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/outbreaks/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-22-june-2017.html|title=Weekly update – cholera in Yemen, 22 June 2017|date=22 June 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=26 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628042248/http://www.emro.who.int/surveillance-forecasting-response/outbreaks/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-22-june-2017.html|archive-date=28 June 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/23/world/middleeast/yemen-saudi-crown-prince-salman-cholera.html|title=Saudis, at War in Yemen, Give Country $66.7 Million in Cholera Relief|last=Gladstone|first=Rick|date=23 June 2017|work=The New York Times|accessdate=1 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701204128/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/23/world/middleeast/yemen-saudi-crown-prince-salman-cholera.html|archive-date=1 July 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/yemen/Yemen_epi_d_update_20170704.pdf?ua=1|title=Epidemiology bulletin 26, 4 July 2017|publisher=WHO-EMRO|accessdate=4 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214213626/http://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/yemen/Yemen_epi_d_update_20170704.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=14 February 2019|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 28. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/cholera-yemen-mark/en/|title=Cholera count reaches 500 000 in Yemen|website=World Health Organization|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817081606/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/cholera-yemen-mark/en/|archive-date=17 August 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 29. ^{{cite news|last1=McNeil Jr|first1=Donald G|title=More Than 500,000 Infected With Cholera in Yemen|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/14/health/cholera-outbreak-in-yemen.html|accessdate=14 August 2017|publisher=NY Times|date=14 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815005450/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/14/health/cholera-outbreak-in-yemen.html|archive-date=15 August 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/12/640331-suspected-cholera-cases-yemen-surpass-one-million-reports-un-health-agency|title=Suspected cholera cases in Yemen surpass one million, reports UN health agency|website=www.news.un.org|access-date=2017-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404201120/https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/12/640331-suspected-cholera-cases-yemen-surpass-one-million-reports-un-health-agency|archive-date=4 April 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 31. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-cholera/yemen-cholera-outbreak-accelerates-to-10000-cases-per-week-who-idUSKCN1MC23J|title=Yemen cholera outbreak accelerates to 10,000+ cases per week: WHO|last=Editorial|first=Reuters|work=U.S.|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053717/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-cholera/yemen-cholera-outbreak-accelerates-to-10000-cases-per-week-who-idUSKCN1MC23J|archive-date=11 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 32. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-cholera/who-warns-of-new-yemen-cholera-surge-asks-for-ceasefire-to-vaccinate-idUSKBN1KO18R|title=WHO warns of new Yemen cholera surge, asks for ceasefire to vaccinate|last=Miles|first=Tom|work=U.S.|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053659/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-cholera/who-warns-of-new-yemen-cholera-surge-asks-for-ceasefire-to-vaccinate-idUSKBN1KO18R|archive-date=11 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.promedmail.org/post/6096128|title=Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (40): Asia (Yemen) WHO|website=www.promedmail.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122338/http://www.promedmail.org/post/6096128|archive-date=18 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/yem/yemen-news/oral-cholera-vaccination-campaign-in-yemen-begins.html|title=WHO EMRO {{!}} Fighting the world’s largest cholera outbreak: oral cholera vaccination campaign begins in Yemen {{!}} Yemen-news {{!}} Yemen|last=publisher|first=English|website=www.emro.who.int|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102150819/http://www.emro.who.int/yem/yemen-news/oral-cholera-vaccination-campaign-in-yemen-begins.html|archive-date=2 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 35. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.irinnews.org/news/2017/10/17/what-s-really-stopping-cholera-vaccination-campaign-yemen|title=What’s really stopping a cholera vaccination campaign in Yemen?|date=2017-10-17|work=IRIN|access-date=2018-10-11|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053752/https://www.irinnews.org/news/2017/10/17/what-s-really-stopping-cholera-vaccination-campaign-yemen|archive-date=11 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 36. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Statement from UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake and WHO Director-General Margaret Chan on the cholera outbreak in Yemen as suspected cases exceed 200,000|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/media_96544.html|website=UNICEF|accessdate=26 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702063819/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_96544.html|archive-date=2 July 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 37. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Bruwer|first1=Johannes|title=The horrors of Yemen's spiralling cholera crisis|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40369804|accessdate=26 June 2017|publisher=BBC News|date=25 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625235848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40369804|archive-date=25 June 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 38. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.rt.com/news/388479-yemen-cholera-red-cross/| title='Entirely preventable': Aid agencies blame Yemen blockade, economic collapse for cholera outbreak| date=15 May 2017| accessdate=27 June 2017| publisher=RT| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516031656/https://www.rt.com/news/388479-yemen-cholera-red-cross/| archive-date=16 May 2017| dead-url=no| df=dmy-all}} 39. ^{{cite web| url=http://presstv.com/Detail/2017/05/16/522053/Yemen-cholera-outbreak-aid-agencies-Saudi-Arabia| title=Aid agencies blame Saudi war, blockade for cholera outbreak in Yemen| date=16 May 2017| accessdate=27 June 2017| publisher=Press TV| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626221625/http://presstv.com/Detail/2017/05/16/522053/Yemen-cholera-outbreak-aid-agencies-Saudi-Arabia| archive-date=26 June 2017| dead-url=no| df=dmy-all}} 40. ^{{cite web| url=https://news.vice.com/story/saudi-arabia-donates-to-end-yemen-cholera-outbreak-it-helped-start| title=Saudi Arabia donates to end Yemen cholera outbreak it helped start| first=Alexa| last=Liautaud| date=23 June 2017| accessdate=27 June 2017| publisher=Vice News| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623172356/https://news.vice.com/story/saudi-arabia-donates-to-end-yemen-cholera-outbreak-it-helped-start| archive-date=23 June 2017| dead-url=no| df=dmy-all}} 41. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/yem/yemeninfocus/situation-reports.html|title=WHO EMRO {{!}} Situation reports {{!}} Yemen-infocus {{!}} Yemen|last=Yemen|website=www.emro.who.int|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002012627/http://www.emro.who.int/yem/yemeninfocus/situation-reports.html|archive-date=2 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 42. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/biggest-challenge-yemens-humanitarian-crisis-making-world-pay-attention/|title=Biggest challenge of Yemen’s humanitarian crisis is making the world pay attention|work=PBS NewsHour|access-date=2017-10-02|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002120416/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/biggest-challenge-yemens-humanitarian-crisis-making-world-pay-attention/|archive-date=2 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 43. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-cholera-outbreak-worst-on-record-health-middle-east-a7973726.html|title=Yemen's man-made cholera crisis is set to become the worst outbreak on record|date=2017-09-29|work=The Independent|access-date=2017-10-02|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229105838/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-cholera-outbreak-worst-on-record-health-middle-east-a7973726.html|archive-date=29 December 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 44. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/13/cholera-is-everywhere-yemen-epidemic-spiralling-out-of-control|title='Cholera is everywhere': Yemen epidemic spiralling out of control|last=Dehghan|first=Saeed Kamali|date=2017-07-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-10-02|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113210940/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/13/cholera-is-everywhere-yemen-epidemic-spiralling-out-of-control|archive-date=13 November 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 45. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/cholera-outbreak-yemen-infect-unprecedented-1-million-article-1.3530801|title=Cholera outbreak in Yemen could infect 'unprecedented' 1 million|work=NY Daily News|access-date=2017-10-02|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002120608/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/cholera-outbreak-yemen-infect-unprecedented-1-million-article-1.3530801|archive-date=2 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 46. ^Al Jazeera News. (11 December 2017). "More than 8 million 'a step away' from famine in Yemen". Al Jazeera website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211225844/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/8-million-step-famine-yemen-171211185321446.html |date=11 December 2017 }} Retrieved 11 December 2017. 47. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/news-stories/story/yemen-airstrike-hits-msf-cholera-treatment-center-abs|title=Yemen: Airstrike hits cholera treatment center in Abs|date=12 June 2018|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015803/https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/news-stories/story/yemen-airstrike-hits-msf-cholera-treatment-center-abs|archive-date=28 June 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|title=WHO EMRO - Cholera cases in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201193027/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-on-cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|title=WHO EMRO - Update on cholera cases in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201193018/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-on-cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-in-yemen-23-october-2016.html|title=WHO EMRO - Cholera update in Yemen, 23 October 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201193005/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-in-yemen-23-october-2016.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-on-the-cholera-situation-in-yemen-30-october-2016.html|title=WHO EMRO - Update on the cholera situation in Yemen, 30 October 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192958/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-on-the-cholera-situation-in-yemen-30-october-2016.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 52. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-in-yemen-6-november-2016.html|title=WHO EMRO - Cholera update in Yemen, 6 November 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192953/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-in-yemen-6-november-2016.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-cases-update-from-yemen-17-november-2016.html|title=WHO EMRO - Cholera update, Yemen, 17 November 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192547/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-cases-update-from-yemen-17-november-2016.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-cases-in-yemen-24-november-2016.html|title=WHO EMRO - Cholera cases in Yemen, 24 November 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192528/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-cases-in-yemen-24-november-2016.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/additional-cholera-cases-reported-in-yemen.html|title=WHO EMRO - Additional cholera cases reported in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192055/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/additional-cholera-cases-reported-in-yemen.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-on-cholera-cases-reported-in-yemen.html|title=WHO EMRO - Update on cholera cases reported in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192025/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-on-cholera-cases-reported-in-yemen.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-yemen.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - Cholera cases in Yemen, 13 December 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192009/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-yemen.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update: Cholera cases in Yemen, 29 December 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201192001/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-15-jan-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 15 January 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191949/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-15-jan-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-23-jan-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 23 January 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191940/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-23-jan-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-yemen-26feb.html|title=WHO EMRO - Update on cholera in Yemen, 26 February 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191911/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/cholera-update-yemen-26feb.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-7-march-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 7 March 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191903/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-7-march-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-21-march-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 21 March 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191848/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/update-cholera-cases-in-yemen-21-march-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 64. ^Back-calculated from http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-20-may-2017.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103234920/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-20-may-2017.html |date=3 November 2018 }} 65. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-20-may-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 20 May 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191818/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-20-may-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-10-june-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 10 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191801/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-10-june-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-15-june-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 15 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191753/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-15-june-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-22-june-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 22 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191741/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-22-june-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-cholera-yemen-29-june-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 29 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191725/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-cholera-yemen-29-june-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-06-july-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 06 July 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191718/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-06-july-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-18-july-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 18 July 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191703/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-18-july-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-27-july-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 27 July 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191644/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-27-july-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-26-october-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191623/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-26-october-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 74. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-19-december-2017.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen, 19 December 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201191617/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-19-december-2017.html|archive-date=1 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 75. ^Back-calculated from http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-18-january-2018.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101115852/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-18-january-2018.html |date=1 November 2018 }} 76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-18-january-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen, 18 January 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129161723/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-18-january-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-1-february-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen, 1 February 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129161148/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-1-february-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-8-february-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 8 February 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129161135/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-8-february-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-15-february-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 15 February 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129160440/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-15-february-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 80. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-1-march-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 1 March 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129155632/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-1-march-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-9-march-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 9 March 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129155620/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-9-march-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-22-march-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 22 March 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129154803/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-22-march-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-30-march-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 30 March 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129154745/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-30-march-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 84. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-5-april-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 5 April 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129154738/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-5-april-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 85. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-3-may-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 3 May 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129153103/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-3-may-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 86. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-31-may-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO {{!}} Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 31 May 2018 {{!}} Cholera {{!}} Epidemic and pandemic diseases|last=CSR|first=|date=|website=www.emro.who.int|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101115341/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-31-may-2018.html|archive-date=1 November 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=2018-11-10|quote=The cumulative total of suspected cholera cases, from 27 April 2017 to 20 May 2018, is 1 100 720 and 2 291 associated deaths (case fatality rate 0.21%).|df=dmy-all}} 87. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-19-july-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 19 July 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129145324/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-19-july-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 88. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-11-october-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 11 October 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129143711/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-11-october-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-25-october-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 25 October 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129143657/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-25-october-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 90. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-8-november-2018.html|title=WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 8 November 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases|website=www.emro.who.int|accessdate=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129143641/http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-8-november-2018.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 13 : Yemen|2010s medical outbreaks|2016 health disasters|2016 in Yemen|2017 health disasters|2017 in Yemen|2018 in Yemen|2018 health disasters|Cholera outbreaks|Disasters in Yemen|Yemeni Crisis (2011–present)|Man-made disasters in Yemen|War crimes |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。