| 词条 | Valparaiso, Indiana |
| 释义 |
|name = Valparaiso |official_name = City of Valparaiso, Indiana |settlement_type = City |nickname = Valpo |motto = "Vale of Paradise" |image_skyline = Lincolnway_in_downtown_Valparaiso.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Lincolnway in downtown Valparaiso |image_flag = Flag of Valparaiso, Indiana.png |image_seal = Seal of Valparaiso, Indiana.png |image_map = File:Porter County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Valparaiso Highlighted 1878326.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Valparaiso in Porter County, Indiana. |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Indiana |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Porter |subdivision_type3 = Township |subdivision_name3 = Center |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Jon Costas[1] |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = July 8, 1836 |area_magnitude = |area_land_km2 = 42.12 |area_water_km2 = 0.12 |area_footnotes = [2] |area_total_km2 = 42.25 |area_total_sq_mi = 16.31 |area_land_sq_mi = 16.26 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.05 |area_water_percent = 0.32 |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_footnotes = [3] |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 33104 |pop_est_as_of = 2016 |population_note = |population_total = 31730 |population_density_km2 = 785.88 |population_density_sq_mi = 2035.42 |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |timezone = CST |utc_offset = −6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = −5 |coordinates = {{coord|41|28|34|N|87|3|25|W|region:US-IN_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 242 |elevation_ft = 794 |website = http://www.ci.valparaiso.in.us/ |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 46383-46385 |area_code = 219 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 18-78326[3] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 449849[4] |footnotes = |pop_est_footnotes = [6] |unit_pref = Imperial }} Valparaiso ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|v|ɑː|l|p|ə|ˈ|r|eɪ|z|oʊ}} {{Respell|vahl-pə|RAY|zoh}}) is a city and the county seat of Porter County, Indiana, United States.[5] The population was 31,730 at the 2010 census. HistoryThe site of present-day Valparaiso was included in the purchase of land from the Potawatomi people by the U.S. Government in October 1832. Chiqua's town or Chipuaw[6] was located a mile east of the current Courthouse along the Sauk Trail. Chiqua's town existed from or before 1830 until after 1832.[7] The location is just north of the railroad crossing on State Route 2 and County Road 400 North. Located on the ancient Native American trail from Rock Island to Detroit, the town had its first log cabin in 1834.[8] Established in 1836 as Portersville, county seat of Porter County, it was renamed to Valparaiso (meaning "Vale of Paradise" in Old Spanish) in 1837 after Valparaíso, Chile, near which the county's namesake David Porter battled in the Battle of Valparaiso during the War of 1812.[9] The city was once called the "City of Churches" due to the large number of churches located there at the end of the 19th Century. Valparaiso Male and Female College, one of the earliest higher education institutions admitting both men and women in the country, was founded in Valparaiso in 1859, but closed its doors in 1871 before reopening in 1873 as the Northern Indiana Normal School and Business Institute. In the early 20th century, it became Valparaiso College, then Valparaiso University. It was initially affiliated with the Methodist Church but after 1925 with the Lutheran University Association (which has relationships both with the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod, and with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America) and expanded significantly after World War II. Valparaiso also has a long history of being a transportation hub for the region. In 1858, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad reached Valparaiso, connecting the city directly to Chicago. By 1910, an interurban railway connected the city to Gary, Indiana. Today, while the city no longer has a passenger train station, it is still very much a part of the "Crossroads of America" due to its proximity to I-65, I-80, I-90, and I-94. Additionally, the Canadian National railroad still runs freight on the tracks, including through the downtown area. Until 1991, Valparaiso was the terminal of Amtrak's Calumet commuter service. GeographyThe city is situated at the junctions of U.S. Route 30, State Road 2, and State Road 49. According to the 2010 census, Valparaiso has a total area of {{convert|15.578|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|15.53|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 99.69%) is land and {{convert|0.048|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 0.31%) is water.[10] TopographyThe city is situated on the Valparaiso Moraine. Glaciation has left numerous features on the landscape here. Kettle lakes and knobs make up much of this hilly area of Northwest Indiana. The Pines Ski Area is the only remaining kame in the city; the other one is under the university's Chapel of the Resurrection, however, grading of land in that area makes that particular kame almost nonexistent. Many glacial erratics can be found throughout the city. The moraine has left the city with mostly clay soil. Climate{{Weather box|location = Valparaiso, Porter County Regional Airport, Indiana (1981-2010 normals) |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 66 |Feb record high F = 72 |Mar record high F = 87 |Apr record high F = 90 |May record high F = 98 |Jun record high F = 105 |Jul record high F = 102 |Aug record high F = 101 |Sep record high F = 96 |Oct record high F = 89 |Nov record high F = 77 |Dec record high F = 70 |Jan high F = 31.1 |Feb high F = 35.3 |Mar high F = 46.7 |Apr high F = 59.7 |May high F = 70.4 |Jun high F = 79.7 |Jul high F = 82.8 |Aug high F = 80.4 |Sep high F = 74.3 |Oct high F = 62.7 |Nov high F = 48.6 |Dec high F = 34.8 |Jan low F = 16.1 |Feb low F = 19.9 |Mar low F = 28.8 |Apr low F = 38.5 |May low F = 48.1 |Jun low F = 58.5 |Jul low F = 62.4 |Aug low F = 60.7 |Sep low F = 52.6 |Oct low F = 42.2 |Nov low F = 32.9 |Dec low F = 21.4 |Jan record low F = −26.0 |Feb record low F = −21.0 |Mar record low F = −7.0 |Apr record low F = 10 |May record low F = 26 |Jun record low F = 33 |Jul record low F = 42 |Aug record low F = 38 |Sep record low F = 27 |Oct record low F = 18 |Nov record low F = 2 |Dec record low F = −20 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 1.75 |Feb rain inch = 1.42 |Mar rain inch = 2.48 |Apr rain inch = 3.53 |May rain inch = 3.8 |Jun rain inch = 3.91 |Jul rain inch = 4.34 |Aug rain inch = 4.31 |Sep rain inch = 3.21 |Oct rain inch = 3.25 |Nov rain inch = 3.33 |Dec rain inch = 2.18 |year rain inch = 36.2 |Jan snow inch = 8.8 |Feb snow inch = 8 |Mar snow inch = 7 |Apr snow inch = 1.5 |May snow inch = 0.3 |Jun snow inch = 0 |Jul snow inch = 0 |Aug snow inch = 0 |Sep snow inch = 0 |Oct snow inch = 0.4 |Nov snow inch = 3.7 |Dec snow inch = 8.8 |year snow inch = 38.5 |source 1 = NOAA 1981-2010 normals, snowfall 1971-2000 [11] |source 2=The Weather Channel (records),[12] }} Demographics{{US Census population|1850= 522 |1860= 1698 |1870= 2765 |1880= 4461 |1890= 5090 |1900= 6280 |1910= 6987 |1920= 6518 |1930= 8079 |1940= 8736 |1950= 12028 |1960= 15227 |1970= 20020 |1980= 22247 |1990= 24414 |2000= 27428 |2010= 31730 |estyear=2016 |estimate=33104 |estref=[13] |footnote=Source: US Census Bureau }} 2010 censusAs of the census[14] of 2010, there were 31,730 people, 12,610 households, and 7,117 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2043.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 13,506 housing units at an average density of {{convert|869.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.9% White, 3.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.2% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.1% of the population. There were 12,610 households of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.6% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age in the city was 33.4 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 15.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.8% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. 2000 censusAs of the census[3] of 2000, there were 27,428 people, 10,867 households, and 6,368 families residing in the city. The population density was 971.6/km² (2,515.4/mi²). There were 11,559 housing units at an average density of 409.4/km² (1,060.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.35% White, 1.60% African American, 0.23% Native American, 1.49% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.34% of the population. There were 10,867 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.93. In the city, the population was spread out with 21.2% under the age of 18, 17.4% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $45,799, and the median income for a family was $60,637. Males had a median income of $46,452 versus $26,544 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,509. About 4.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. GovernmentValparaiso has an elected mayor and an elected council. The mayor is elected for a four-year term in November of the year before a presidential election year and assumes office on January 1.[15] EducationHigher educationThe city is the site of multiple colleges and universities. Purdue University Northwest has a satellite campus in Valparaiso, and one of Ivy Tech's 23 regional campuses is located in the city. Valparaiso is also home to namesake Valparaiso University, occupying {{convert|310|acre|km2|1}} on the south side of the city near downtown. The university is also a cultural center of the city, hosting venues such as the Brauer Museum of Art, home to more than 2,700 pieces of 19th- and 20th century American art. The official history of Valparaiso University was written by Richard Baepler. His Flame of Faith, Lamp of Learning details the history of the university from its Methodist roots in 1859 to its reputation as a Lutheran University (1925). The intellectual story of Valparaiso University in the post-war years might be best summarized by John Strietelmeier who wrote that what united the VU thinkers of this period was "the dream that somewhere there might be a place where high faith and high intellect might meet to provide an apostate age with a new vision and a new hope." Streietelmeier was a Professor in Geography and an Editor of the University's "The Cresset." His writings represent a critical set of impressions from the 1950s and 1960s at VU and are collected by Baepler in his Witness to His Generation: Selected Writings of John Strietelmeier along with a significant biography of Strietelmeier's life and intellectual context. Primary and secondary education
Public libraryValparaiso has a public library, a branch of the Porter County Public Library System.[18] Culture
Live theater
Museums
Local mediaNewspapers
Magazines
RadioThe primary local radio stations are WLJE 105.5 FM "Indiana 105", which broadcasts country music, WAKE 1500 AM, which plays adult standards, and WVLP 98.3 FM "ValpoRadio", a non-profit, low power FM community radio station. Valparaiso formerly had a fourth local station, WNWI 1080 AM, which relocated to Oak Lawn, Illinois in 1998 and is now a Chicago-market station. Radio is usually from the Chicago market. Parks and recreationValparaiso has an extensive city park district. In 2005 there were 13 parks with another in the planning stages.[25] Parks200 East (East McCord Rd) – a community park with a playground; where many of the city’s legendary athletes played football as youngsters. Football at 200 East Park is a staple for young kids growing up in the neighborhood.Bicentennial Park (Burlington Beach Road & Campbell St) – Provides a full range of activities, including a playground, basketball courts, ball diamond and picnic shelters. A prairie restoration is under way in the north half of the park. Central Park Plaza (Lincolnway and Lafayette St) – is the centerpiece of the Downtown Valparaiso revitalization and opened the summer of 2011. It has an outdoor amphitheater for concerts and other special events as well as a splash pad in the center of the park for kids to play. Fairgrounds Park (Calumet & Evans Avenues) – Has the largest complex of ball diamonds and soccer fields in the city. A playground and basketball court are available. Numerous city sports leagues use Fairgrounds Park for their games and tournaments. The park is surrounded by a paved walking circuit that is well occupied on nice days. Foundation Meadows (Campbell Street & Bullseye Lake Rd) – One of the city's newer parks. Glenrose South (1500 Roosevelt Road) – Provides several ball diamonds and when school is out, Thomas Jefferson Middle Schools track is available for those interested in walking. Glenrose South has been the home of the Valparaiso 4 July Fireworks display and celebration since 2005. Jessee-Pifer Park (Elmhurst & Madison Streets) – a community park with a basketball court and picnic shelter. Kirchhoff Miller Woods, (Roosevelt Road & Institute St – a community park that provides for basketball, baseball, tennis, picnicking and a playground. Ogden Gardens/Forest Park (Campbell Street and Harrison Blvd) – Ogden Gardens is the home of the city's botanical garden. The Campbell Street end is a formal garden with a variety of planting that bloom throughout the year. The Gazebo is a favorite place for weddings, wedding pictures and high school prom pictures. A Japanese garden is included with a 22,000-gallon Koi pond. Forest Park is to the west with an open grassy picnic area below a wooded picnic area with a shelter. Rogers-Lakewood Park (Meridian Road (N Campbell Street)) – Provide opportunities for swimming, fishing, and hiking trails. It is connected to the north side communities of Valparaiso by the Campbell Street Bike Trail (hiking and biking). Tower Park (Evans Ave and Franklin St.) is a community park that offers basketball, baseball, tennis, picnicking and a playground. During winter months, one of the basketball courts is turned into the community skating rink. Valplayso/Glenrose North (Glendale Blvd and Roosevelt Rd) is the home of Valplayso, a community-designed and community-built playground. At the other end of the parking lot are several ball fields. Separated from Glenrose South by only the Middle Schools track, Glenrose North hosts over half of the community during the Fourth of July Celebration. West Side Park (Joliet Rd) is a community park with a ball field and a playground. Will Park (Morgan Blvd and Brown St) is a community park with a basketball court, playground, and picnic shelter. Golf
Valparaiso is building a series of bike trails across the city. Currently,{{When|date=March 2012}} most of the identified bike routes are part of the county's system of recommended roads and streets.[26] Bikeways (and hikeways), separated from traffic:Campbell Street Bikeway runs from Rogers-Lakewood Park south {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} to Vale Park Road (CR 400 N). It continues south on the opposite side of Campbell St. base Valparaiso High School, ending {{convert|2|mi|km}} south at Ogden Gardens (Harrison Blvd). At Vale Park, it connects to the Vale Park trail to Valparaiso Street {{convert|1|mi|km}}. A new bike loop {{convert|3|mi|km}} is being built that circles north along Valparaiso Street to Bullseye Lake Rd, east to Cumberland Crossing (not open to the public (2008), south to Vale Park, turning west to on Vale Park to return to the corner of Vale Park and Valparaiso Street. At Glendale, the Campbell Street Bikeway connects to the Glendale cross town bike lane. These travel east {{convert|2|mi|km}} on Glendale, ending on North Calumet at the Walgreens corner. City fairsThe city holds two major festivals every year: the Popcorn Festival and the Porter County Fair. The Popcorn Festival is held on the first Saturday after Labor Day. It honors Orville Redenbacher, a former resident who built a popcorn factory there. Redenbacher participated in most of the festival's parades until his death in 1995. The festival also features racing events and a balloon launch in addition to typical fair activities. The Porter County Fair consists of carnival attractions and hosts a variety of shows such as a demolition derby, motocross races, and live musical performances. InfrastructureValparaiso gets all of its water from wells that draw water from depths between 90 and {{convert|120|ft|m}}. The supply is treated with chlorine solution to remove the iron.[27] Valparaiso also has three sewer retention basins. Valparaiso’s energy is provided by NIPSCO. The Schaeffer Power Plant is located south of Valparaiso, in Wheatfield.[28] On October 1, 2007, Valparaiso inaugurated a city bus service, the V-Line. It operates between downtown, the university, shopping centers and the city's northern neighborhoods. It also offers an express service to the Dune Park station of the Northern Indiana Commuter Transit District Friday through Sunday (Friday through Saturday during Valparaiso University's spring, summer and winter breaks), timed to meet certain trains. V-Line does not operate on holidays. On October 6, 2008, Valparaiso inaugurated an express bus service to and from Chicago, Illinois called ChicaGo DASH. Buses depart Valparaiso on weekday mornings and return from Chicago in the evenings. Valparaiso is served by four highways. U.S. Route 30 is the major east-west artery on the southern side of the city. Indiana State Road 49, the major north-south artery, connects with Chesterton, Indiana and the Indiana Toll Road. Indiana Route 130 runs northwest to Hobart, Indiana. Indiana State Road 2, which connects South Bend and Lowell, passes through the southeast corner of the city.[29] Three railroads pass through the city. The Norfolk Southern Railway operates on the tracks that were previously the Nickel Plate Road, the Canadian National is the former Grand Trunk Western Railroad and the Chicago, Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad operates on the tracks that were previously used by the Pennsylvania Railroad.[30] Buildings of Note
Buildings and districts on the NRHP{{see also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Porter County, Indiana}}{{div col}}
Notable people{{See also|Valparaiso University#Notable people}}{{div col}}
See also{{Portal|Indiana}}
References1. ^[https://www.ci.valparaiso.in.us/Directory.aspx?EID=115 About the Mayor, Valparaiso (Vibrant Visionary), Indiana], Valparaiso, IN Official Website, last accessed 20 August 2016 2. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 28, 2017}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}} 6. ^One of the earliest Authentic histories of Porter County, Indiana, From 1832 to 1876; Deborah H. Shults-Gay; ca 1917 7. ^Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History; Helen Hornbeck Tanner; University of Oklahoma Press; Norman, Oklahoma, 1987; map 25 8. ^{{cite web|title=History of Valparaiso|url=http://www.ci.valparaiso.in.us/index.aspx?nid=283|publisher=Valparaiso, Indiana|accessdate=25 April 2014}} 9. ^{{cite book|first=Ronald L.|last=Baker|author2=Marvin Carmony |title=Indiana Place Names|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|year=1995|isbn=0-253-28340-X|page=170}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1878326 |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1 |accessdate=2015-07-29 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}} 11. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals |title = NOAA 1981-2010 normals| publisher = NOAA }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com|title = "Monthly Averages for Valparaiso, IN" |publisher=The Weather Channel}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-12-11}} 15. ^Sesquicentennial, The way We Were in 1986, Sesquicentennial Board; Porter County, Indiana; 1986 16. ^Verizon Yellow Pages, Portage-Valparaiso; November 2007 17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.shcsonline.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630070252/http://www.shcsonline.com/ |archive-date=2014-06-30 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 18. ^{{cite web | url=http://pcpls.org/library-information/#locations | title=Locations | publisher=Porter County Public Library System | accessdate=14 March 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagostreet.org/|title=Home - Chicago Street Theatre|work=chicagostreet.org|accessdate=15 June 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://valparaisotheatricalcompany.org/|title=Valparaiso Theatrical Company - The Theater That Cares|work=valparaisotheatricalcompany.org|accessdate=15 June 2015}} 21. ^http://pocomuse.org/ 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/porter/|title=Porter County News|work=nwitimes.com|accessdate=15 June 2015}} 23. ^{{cite news | url=http://posttrib.suntimes.com/news/porter/index.html | work=Chicago Sun-Times | title=Porter County | access-date=2012-07-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718154509/http://posttrib.suntimes.com/news/porter/index.html | archive-date=2012-07-18 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/niche/shore/|title=Shore Magazine|work=nwitimes.com|accessdate=15 June 2015}} 25. ^Your Guide to Summer Fun! Indiana Dunes, The Casual Coast; Porter County Convention and Recreation and Visitors Commission, 2005 26. ^Northwest Indiana Bike Map, Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission, Spring 2008 27. ^{{Cite web |url=http://ci.valparaiso.in.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/939 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517121223/http://ci.valparaiso.in.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/939 |archive-date=2014-05-17 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 28. ^http://www.nipsco.com/Libraries/About_NIPSCO/serviceterritorymap_SEPT_2011.sflb.ashx 29. ^{{cite map |url= http://www.in.gov/indot/files/StateTransportationMap.pdf |format= PDF |publisher= Indiana Department of Transportation |cartography= INDOT |title= Indiana Transportation Map |year= 2011 |edition= 2011–12|accessdate= May 26, 2012}} 30. ^{{cite map |publisher= Indiana Department of Transportation |date= August 23, 2011 |url=http://www.in.gov/indot/files/MAIN-RR-11_V1.pdf |title= Indiana Railroad Map |format= PDF |cartography= INDOT|accessdate= May 26, 2012}} 31. ^Neeley, George E.; City of Valparaiso, A Pictorial History; G. Bradley Publishing, Inc.; St. Louis, Missouri; 1989 32. ^{{cite web|title=Newton Arvin|url=http://sophia.smith.edu/blog/smithipedia/faculty-staff/arvin-newton/|publisher=Smithipedia|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=John L. Bascom |url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/Legislators/legislatorAllYears.aspx?PID=3242 |publisher=legis.iowa.gov |accessdate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801022216/https://www.legis.iowa.gov/Legislators/legislatorAllYears.aspx?PID=3242 |archivedate=August 1, 2012 }} 34. ^{{cite web|title=Beulah Bondi|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/18861%7C20673/Beulah-Bondi/|publisher=TURNER ENTERTAINMENT NETWORKS, INC|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=Kevin Brown|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/brownke04.shtml|publisher=Pro-Baseball Reference . Com|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 36. ^{{cite web|title=Mark N. Brown|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/brown-mn.html|publisher=jsc.nasa.gov|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 37. ^{{cite web|title=Bryce Drew|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/d/drewbr01.html|publisher=Pro-Basketball Reference . Com|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 38. ^{{cite web|title=Chris Funk|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/entertainment/music/article_c9b99325-3377-554c-b8e6-fcdc53836c3e.html|publisher=nwitimes.com|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 39. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/gordon_henry.htm|title=Biographies of U.S. Astronauts|publisher=Spacefacts |accessdate= November 14, 2013}} 40. ^{{cite web|title=Robbie Hummel|url=http://espn.go.com/nba/player/_/id/6633/|publisher=ESPN Internet Ventures|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 41. ^{{cite web|title=Samuel Austin Kendall|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000097|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cpci.org/Sharathon/introducing-mike-kellogg|title=Introducing Mike Kellogg|publisher=CPCI.org|accessdate=December 15, 2013}} 43. ^{{cite web|title=Earl F. Landgrebe|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000049|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 44. ^National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form; US Dept of the Interior, National Park Service; Dr. David J. Loring Residence and Clinic; Bertha Stalbaum & Alice Vietzke; Valparaiso Woman’s Club; Valparaiso, Indiana, June 11, 1984 45. ^{{cite book|title=David E. Lilienthal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhaK3yHpKUwC&pg=PA8-IA2&lpg=PA8-IA2&dq=David+E.+Lilienthal+Valparaiso+Ind&source=bl&ots=_4DFQG5u5_&sig=yrLV3j6Y40GFM8c8iQ2kAGUMDuY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BkqWUrbvNsGtrgH634HYBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=David%20E.%20Lilienthal%20Valparaiso%20Ind&f=false|publisher=David E. Lilienthal: The Journey of an American Liberal|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 46. ^{{cite web|title=Orville Redenbacher|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/porter/valparaiso/orville-redenbacher-a-passion-for-popcorn/article_40ac46e0-c82d-59e4-985b-377b994510f3.html|publisher=nwitimes.com|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 47. ^{{cite web|title=Jeff Samardzija|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/samarje01.shtml|publisher=Pro-Baseball Reference . Com|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 48. ^{{cite web|title=Carly Schroeder|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/entertainment/columnists/offbeat/valparaiso-s-carly-schroeder-shines-at-film-premiere/article_a19e78c2-af7c-5708-a3c9-c5971372756d.html|publisher=nwitimes.com|accessdate=27 November 2013}} 49. ^{{cite web|title=Walter Wangerin, Jr|url=http://www.valpo.edu/english/faculty/wangerin.php|publisher=Valparaiso University|accessdate=27 November 2013|archive-url=https://archive.is/20121213005003/http://www.valpo.edu/english/faculty/wangerin.php|archive-date=13 December 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 50. ^{{cite news|title=R. Harold Zook|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-10-21/news/ct-tl-hinsdale-zook-studio-20131021_1_zook-home-harold-zook-katherine-legge-memorial-park|publisher=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/|accessdate=27 November 2013|date=21 October 2013}} External links{{Wikivoyage|Valparaiso (Indiana)}}
7 : Valparaiso, Indiana|Cities in Porter County, Indiana|Chicago metropolitan area|County seats in Indiana|Cities in Indiana|Populated places established in 1836|Northwest Indiana |
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