| 词条 | 2017 Copeland by-election |
| 释义 |
| election_name = Copeland by-election, 2017 | country = United Kingdom | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = United Kingdom general election, 2015 | previous_year = 2015 | election_date = 23 February 2017 | next_election = United Kingdom general election, 2017 | next_year = 2017 | seats_for_election = Copeland constituency | map_image = Copeland2007Constituency.svg | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Location of Copeland within Cumbria | title = MP | before_election = Jamie Reed | before_party = Labour | posttitle = | after_election = Trudy Harrison | after_party = Conservative Party (UK) | candidate1 = Trudy Harrison | image1 = | party1 = Conservative Party (UK) | popular_vote1 = 13,748 | percentage1 = 44.2% | swing1 = {{increase}}8.5% | candidate2 = Gillian Troughton | image2 = | party2 = Labour Party (UK) | popular_vote2 = 11,601 | percentage2 = 37.3% | swing2 = {{decrease}}4.9% | candidate4 = Rebecca Hanson | image4 = | party4 = Liberal Democrats (UK) | popular_vote4 = 2,252 | percentage4 = 7.2% | swing4 = {{increase}}3.8% | candidate5 = Fiona Mills | image5 = | party5 = UK Independence Party | popular_vote5 = 2,025 | percentage5 = 6.5% | swing5 = {{decrease}}9.0% }} There was a by-election in the British parliamentary constituency of Copeland on 23 February 2017 (the same day as the Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election), following the resignation of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Jamie Reed. Conservative candidate Trudy Harrison gained the seat from Labour, the first gain for a governing party in a by-election since 1982. Result{{Election box begin|title=By-election 2017: Copeland[1][2]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Trudy Harrison |votes = 13,748 |percentage = 44.2 |change = {{increase}} 8.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Gillian Troughton |votes = 11,601 |percentage = 37.3 |change = {{decrease}} 4.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Rebecca Hanson |votes = 2,252 |percentage = 7.2 |change = {{increase}} 3.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Fiona Mills |votes = 2,025 |percentage = 6.5 |change = {{decrease}} 9.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Independent politician |candidate = Michael Guest |votes = 811 |percentage = 2.6 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Jack Lenox |votes = 515 |percentage = 1.7 |change = {{decrease}} 1.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Independent politician |candidate = Roy Ivinson |votes = 116 |percentage = 0.4 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority |votes = 2,147 |percentage = 6.9 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,108 |percentage = 51.33 |change = {{decrease}} 12.5 }}{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = {{increase}} 6.7 }}{{Election box end}} This was the first time since 1935 that Labour had failed to win the constituency or its predecessor, Whitehaven. It was also the first gain for a governing party at a UK by-election since the 1982 Mitcham and Morden by-election, where the incumbent Labour MP had sought re-election after defecting to the Social Democratic Party against the background of the Falklands War. It was the largest increase in the share of the vote of a governing party in a by-election since the Hull North by-election in January 1966.[3] According to Matt Singh of psephology website Number Cruncher Politics, it was the first directly comparable by-election gain for a governing party since the 1878 by-election in Worcester.[4][5] By this, Singh meant that the governing party gained a seat:
The poor result for Labour triggered fresh criticism of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership of the party, with calls for him to stand down as leader.[6][7][8] BackgroundThe incumbent Labour MP Jamie Reed announced his intention to resign on 21 December 2016[9] in order to become the new Head of Development & Community Relations at Sellafield Ltd,[10] where he had worked before becoming a politician. He was a critic of the Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, an unpopular politician in the constituency.[11][12] Reed's resignation took effect on 23 January 2017.[13] The election was held with the Conservatives considerably ahead of Labour in national opinion polls.[14] Copeland and Whitehaven, the predecessor seat, had been represented by Labour since 1935. Although Reed supported remaining within the European Union, his constituency voted to leave in the June 2016 EU referendum. Because the constituency is not coterminous with any local authority, the exact result is unknown. Chris Hanretty, a Reader in Politics at the University of East Anglia, estimated through a demographic model that in Copeland, 60% of voters voted 'Leave'.[15][16] CandidatesLabourGillian Troughton, a Borough and County Councillor, was selected as the Labour Party candidate on 19 January.[17] During the EU referendum, Troughton had been an active Remain campaigner.[18] The short list to be Labour's candidate, announced on 12 January, had included Barbara Cannon, a former Borough and County Councillor, Rachel Holliday, founder of Calderwood House hostel, and Troughton. Long-listed candidates had included Thomas Docherty, who was the MP for Dunfermline and West Fife from 2010-5 and had previously applied to be the Copeland candidate, before losing to Reed.[19] Andrew Gwynne, shadow cabinet minister without portfolio, was Labour's campaign manager.[20] ConservativesOn 25 January, Trudy Harrison was selected as the party's candidate. Harrison lives locally in the village of Bootle and has worked at Sellafield.[21] The Conservatives highlighted lower unemployment locally and improved standards in local schools.[22][23] Possible Conservative candidate choices had included Stephen Haraldsen, their candidate in 2015, and Chris Whiteside, a former parliamentary candidate and their candidate in the 2015 Copeland mayoral election.[19] UK Independence PartyThe UK Independence Party's (UKIP) West Cumbria branch selected Fiona Mills as their candidate, a local National Health Service (NHS) worker, member of UKIP's National Executive Committee and county chairwoman, who had stood as the party's candidate in Carlisle in the 2015 general election.[24][25][26][27][28] UKIP leader Paul Nuttall ruled himself out of standing in this by-election, initially to focus on a potential by-election in Leigh,[29] then to contest the Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election.[30] Liberal DemocratsThe Liberal Democrat candidate was confirmed on 12 January 2017 as Cockermouth Town Councillor, Rebecca Hanson.[31] She highlighted Brexit and the NHS.[32] Green PartyOn 24 January 2017, the Green Party announced Jack Lenox, a local software engineer, as their candidate for the by-election.[33] Given the party's opposition to nuclear power and the importance of the nuclear industry in the constituency, their campaign attracted more publicity than normal.[34] They also said that their candidate would be contesting an "anti-nuclear and anti-poverty campaign".[35] IndependentsTwo independent candidates also stood. Copeland borough and Whitehaven town councillor Michael Guest announced his candidacy on 31 January, saying he was aiming to represent people "dissatisfied with party politics".[36] Whitehaven market stallholder Roy Ivinson, who also submitted nomination papers, had previously stood for seats in the area on a platform of stopping global warming.[37] CampaignAn early issue in the campaign was plans to downgrade maternity services at West Cumberland Hospital in Whitehaven. The plans were defended by the Conservative Prime Minister, Theresa May.[12] In response to Labour criticism, the Conservative campaign said that decisions about local hospitals were the responsibility of the local NHS trust.[27] Trade unions claimed that government cuts to Sellafield's employee pension scheme could "threaten the Conservatives' chances of winning the by-election".[38] The Conservatives focused on Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn and his long-standing opposition to nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. The constituency contains the Sellafield nuclear decommissioning plant and nuclear submarines are built in nearby Barrow, and Conservative election literature highlighted the potential risks to the Cumbrian economy of Labour policies.[27] Labour campaigners responded that the views of party leader Corbyn do not represent the views of the party.[27] The Conservatives also campaigned on a pro-Brexit line, suggesting that voting Conservative would ensure that Brexit is delivered, whereas voting Labour would encourage Labour to "ignore and forget ... the EU referendum".[39][40] It was reported that the Labour candidate had refused requests for interviews from Channel 4, whilst all other major candidates had accepted the request.[41] A storm, named Doris, hit the constituency on polling day, which some commentators suggested might reduce turnout,[42] though in the event the turnout was relatively high for a Westminster by-election.[43][44] 2015 result{{Election box begin | title=General Election 2015: Copeland[45][46]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Jamie Reed |votes = 16,750 |percentage = 42.3 |change = {{decrease}} 3.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Stephen Haraldsen |votes = 14,186 |percentage = 35.8 |change = {{decrease}} 1.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Michael Pye |votes = 6,148 |percentage = 15.5 |change = {{increase}} 13.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Danny Gallagher |votes = 1,368 |percentage = 3.5 |change = {{decrease}} 6.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Allan Todd |votes = 1,179 |percentage = 3.0 |change = {{increase}} 2.1 }}{{Election box majority |votes = 2,564 |percentage = 6.5 |change = {{decrease}} 2.4 }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,631 |percentage = 63.8 |change = {{decrease}} 3.8 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = {{decrease}} 1.2 }}{{Election box end}} See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-38705088|date=30 January 2017|title=Copeland by-election: Candidates list|website=BBC News|accessdate=31 January 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Statement of Persons Nominated|url=http://www.copeland.gov.uk/sites/default/files/attachments/statement_of_persons_nom.pdf|website=Copeland Council|accessdate=31 January 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39064149|title=Tories in historic by-election Copeland win as Labour holds Stoke|publisher=BBC News|date=24 February 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|last=Singh|first=Matt|url=https://www.ncpolitics.uk/2017/02/copeland-turning-blue-would-be-more-historic-than-you-think.html/|title=Copeland turning blue would be more historic than you think|publisher=Number Cruncher Politics|date=21 February 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39080605 |title=Reality Check: Has a governing party gained a by-election since 1878? - BBC News |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2017-02-24 |accessdate=2017-03-12}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/feb/24/labour-tories-copeland-ukip-challenge-stoke |title=Labour ousted by Tories in Copeland byelection but sees off Ukip in Stoke | Politics |publisher=The Guardian |date=2017-02-24 |accessdate=2017-03-12}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Foster |first=Alice |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/771665/next-Labour-leader-who-could-replace-Jeremy-Corbyn-latest-odds-predictions-forecasts |title=Who could replace Jeremy Corbyn as Labour leader? Latest odds and predictions | Politics | News |publisher=Express.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2017-03-12}} 8. ^{{cite web|author=Laura Hughes, Political Correspondent |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/24/humiliation-jeremy-corbyn-tories-take-copeland-labour-historic/ |title=Tories take Copeland: Jeremy Corbyn refuses to stand down as Union boss calls on Labour leader to accept responsibility for historic defeat |publisher=Telegraph.co.uk |date=2017-02-24 |accessdate=2017-03-12}} 9. ^{{cite news|last=Pidd|first=Helen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/21/corbyn-critic-jamie-reed-quits-labour-mp-byelection-copeland|title=Corbyn critic quits as Labour MP, triggering tight byelection race|work=The Guardian|date=21 December 2016|accessdate=21 December 2016}} 10. ^{{cite news|last=Simons|first=Ned|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/labour-mp-jamie-reed-quits-parliament-triggering-by-election-in-copeland_uk_585a815fe4b0f24da6e680ae|title=Labour MP Jamie Reed Quits Parliament Triggering By-Election In Copeland|work=The Huffington Post|date=21 December 2016|accessdate=21 December 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|last=Payne|first=Adam|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/copeland-by-election-preview-jamie-reed-labour-party-2016-12|title='We don't do Corbyn here': Labour activists fear defeat in Copeland by-election|work=Business Insider UK|date=29 December 2016|accessdate=25 February 2017}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|last=Sparrow|first=Andres|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/23/who-will-win-the-copeland-byelection|title=Who will win the Copeland byelection?|work=The Guardian|date=23 December 2016|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Manor of Northstead: Jamie Reed|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/manor-of-northstead-jamie-reed|accessdate=23 January 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/labour-general-election-majority-currently-unthinkable-10716415|title=Labour election majority 'currently unthinkable'|publisher=Sky News|accessdate=13 January 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1wTK5dV2_YjCMsUYlwg0l48uWWf44sKgG8uFVMv5OWlA/edit#gid=893960794|title=Revised estimates of leave vote in Westminster constituencies|accessdate=26 October 2016}} 16. ^{{cite web| title = Copeland by-election: Is a "once in a blue moon" result on the cards?| url = http://www.ncpolitics.uk/2016/12/copeland-by-election.html| publisher = Number Cruncher Politics| accessdate = 24 December 2016}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Labour shortlist for Copeland revealed|url=http://www.whitehavennews.co.uk/news/Labour-shortlist-for-Copeland-revealed-315c34ad-7b85-41cd-9b20-e168c9ba96bf-ds|website=The Whitehaven News|accessdate=13 January 2017}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/millom/Labour-name-their-candidate-for-Copeland-by-election-5d3d0ee0-86c2-472c-a6e8-d3f0ebeef975-ds|title=Labour name their candidate for Copeland by-election|work=North West Evening Mail|date=20 January 2017|accessdate=24 January 2017}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/labour-tory-candidates-for-copeland-by-election-2017-1|title=Labour set to reject big name candidate in Copeland by-election battle|publisher=|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://labourlist.org/2017/01/gwynne-pledges-fightback-as-corbyn-asks-him-to-spearhead-copeland-by-election-bid/|title=Gwynne pledges fightback as Corbyn asks him to spearhead Copeland by-election bid|date=3 January 2017|website=Labour List|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Trudy Harrison selected as Conservative candidate for Copeland|url=http://www.cumbriacrack.com/2017/01/25/trudy-harrison-selected-conservative-candidate-copeland/|website=Cumbria Crack}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.conservativehome.com/parliament/2016/12/a-big-by-election-test-for-may-the-labour-mp-for-marginal-copeland-resigns.html|title=A big by-election test for May. The Labour MP for marginal Copeland resigns.|website=Conservative Home|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.conservativehome.com/localgovernment/2017/01/local-results-suggest-copeland-by-election-will-be-a-challenge-for-the-conservatives.html|title=Local results suggest Copeland by-election will be a challenge for the Conservatives|website=Conservative Home|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/news/border/2017-01-20/ukip-announces-local-nhs-worker-as-by-election-candidate/|title=UKIP announces local NHS worker as by-election candidate|work=ITV.com|accessdate=1 February 2017}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://bbc.in/2jSRfsW|title=UKIP picks county chairman as Copeland candidate|work=BBC.co.uk|accessdate=1 February 2017}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukip.org/local_nhs_worker_selected_as_ukip_candidate_for_the_copeland_by_election|title=Local NHS worker selected as UKIP candidate for the Copeland by-election|website=ukip.org|date=20 January 2017|accessdate=24 January 2017}} 27. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-38589306|title=Copeland by-election goes nuclear|first=Ross|last=Hawkins|date=12 January 2017|accessdate=13 January 2017|website=BBC News}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/Labour-to-decide-on-Copeland-by-election-candidate-tonight-75c8639a-d2ee-428a-a150-7815e580a60f-ds|title=Labour to decide on Copeland by-election candidate tonight|work=News & Star|accessdate=19 January 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/UKIP/status/817300585124872195|title=UKIP on Twitter|website=Twitter|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/news/central/2017-01-18/paul-nuttall-will-be-ukip-candidate-for-stoke-by-election/|title=Paul Nuttall 'will be UKIP candidate' for Stoke by-election|publisher=ITV|accessdate=18 January 2017}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/latest/Lib-Dems-announce-MP-candidate-for-Copeland-4be6009b-8305-4937-bbbd-701ab091d097-ds|title=Lib Dems announce MP candidate for Copeland|work=News and Star|accessdate=13 January 2017}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.libdemvoice.org/could-rebecca-hanson-be-fighting-a-long-game-in-copeland-52951.html#|title=Could Rebecca Hanson be fighting a long game in Copeland?|website=Lib Dem Voice|accessdate=13 January 2017}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.greenparty.org.uk/news/2017/01/24/green-party-announces-anti-nuclear-copeland-by-election-candidate/|date=24 January 2017|title=Green Party announces anti-nuclear Copeland by-election candidate|website=Green Party|accessdate=24 January 2017}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://bright-green.org/2016/12/28/the-greens-must-stand-in-the-copeland-by-election/|title=The Greens must stand in the Copeland by-election|first=Alex|last=Powell|date=28 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.greenparty.org.uk/news/2017/01/13/green-party-to-stand-in-copeland-by-election/|title=Green Party to stand in Copeland by-election|date=13 January 2017|website=greenparty.org|accessdate=13 January 2017}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/West-Cumbrian-councillor-aims-to-be-Copelands-next-MP-87b83361-63ad-49cf-9425-449e1a50e86a-ds|title=West Cumbrian councillor aims to be Copeland's next MP|date=31 January 2017|publisher=News & Star|accessdate=31 January 2017}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/it-can-t-be-surely-a-truthful-non-political-would-be-politician-at-election-time.441466.html|title=IT can’t be, surely? A truthful non-political would-be politician at election time?|date=17 April 2015|work=Cumberland & Westmorland Herald|accessdate=31 January 2017}} 38. ^{{cite web|last=Pidd|first=Helen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/dec/28/sellafield-tory-conservative-byelection-cumbria-unions-copeland|title=Sellafield unrest could dent Tory byelection chances, unions warn|work=The Guardian|date=28 December 2016|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.conservatives.com/leavingtheeucumbria |title=12 Negotiating Objectives for Brexit |publisher=Conservatives.com |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/25/tories-choose-candidates-for-copeland-and-stoke-central-byelections|title=Tories and Labour pick candidates for Copeland and Stoke byelections|first=Press|last=Association|date=25 January 2017|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2 February 2017}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/latest/Copeland-by-election-candidate-shuns-Channel-4-reporter-fd5a9df5-26d2-4c55-af8e-c233ceb2d3f8-ds|title=Copeland by-election candidate shuns Channel 4 reporter|work=News & Star}} 42. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Storm Doris could blow away Labour byelection hopes, MPs fear|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/feb/21/storm-doris-could-blow-away-labour-byelection-hopes-mps-fear-copeland-stoke|date=21 February 2017|first=Jessica|last=Elgot|accessdate=24 February 2017}} 43. ^{{cite news|newspaper=ITV news|title=Copeland by-election turnout exceeds expectations|url=http://www.itv.com/news/border/update/2017-02-24/copeland-by-election-turnout-exceeds-expectations/|date=24 February 2017|accessdate=24 February 2017}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukpolitical.info/by-election-turnout.htm|title=By-election turnout since 1997|date=24 February 2017|accessdate=24 February 2017}} 45. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2015 |url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt |publisher=Electoral Calculus |accessdate=17 October 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt |archivedate=17 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 46. ^{{cite web| title = Copeland| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000647| publisher = BBC News| accessdate = 11 May 2015}} External links
4 : 2017 elections in the United Kingdom|2017 in England|By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Cumbria constituencies|February 2017 events in the United Kingdom |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。