| 词条 | 2017 Serbian presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Serbian presidential election, 2017 | country = Serbia | type = Presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = Serbian presidential election, 2012 | previous_year = 2012 | election_date = 2 April 2017 | next_election = Serbian presidential election, 2022 | next_year = 2022 | image1 = | nominee1 = Aleksandar Vučić | party1 = Serbian Progressive Party | popular_vote1 = 2,012,788 | percentage1 = 55.06% | image2 = | nominee2 = Saša Janković | party2 = Independent politician | popular_vote2 = 597,728 | percentage2 = 16.35% | before_election = Tomislav Nikolić | before_party = Independent politician | after_election = Aleksandar Vučić | after_party = Serbian Progressive Party | title = President | posttitle = Elected President | map_image =2017 Serbian presidential election by municipalities.svg | map_size = 257px | map_caption = Election results by district{{legend|#000099|Aleksandar Vučić}}{{Legend|#bbbbbb|Saša Janković}}{{Legend|#d93625|Milan Stamatović}}{{Legend|#ffffff|Election not held}} }} Presidential elections were held in Serbia on 2 April 2017,[1] the eleventh since the office of President was introduced in 1990. Incumbent President Tomislav Nikolić was eligible to run for a second five-year term, but opted not to do so. Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić was elected as President in the first round. Electoral systemThe President of Serbia is elected for a five-year term using the two-round system.[2] Incumbent President's term is scheduled to expire on 31 May.[3] CandidatesSerbia's Electoral Commission confirmed eleven candidates. Candidate numbers were decided using a random draw on 17 March.[4]
Non-candidaciesOn 15 February 2017, news outlets announced that Tomislav Nikolić had decided to run for president, despite not being nominated by the SNS.[15] However, five days later he publicly stated that he would not run for re-election.[16] Likewise, Dušan Janjić from Active Serbia had announced his candidacy in May 2016,[17] only to prematurely end his campaign on 11 March 2017.[18] On 12 March 2017, independent candidate Vladimir Rajčić announced that he terminated his presidential campaign, but that he will be active in future elections.[19] In March 2017 independent candidates Danijela Sremac, Saša Mirković and Andrej Fajgelj decided to end their campaigns. Opinion polls
Voter demographicsA public opinion survey, carried out by CeSID showed that significant proportions of Vučić supporters, the candidate of the governing coalition, were composed of pensioners (41%) and that the vast majority (63%) held a secondary education degree, while 21% did not complete high school.[20] The average age of his supporters was 55 years.[20] The second most popular candidate, Janković, had slightly more women among his potential voters, who were on average 45 years old. The vast majority of his supporters (59%) had completed higher education.[20] In addition, he was supported by the majority of diaspora voters.[21] Conduct{{main|2017 Serbian protests}}The election was marred by accusations of voter intimidation and a near total domination of the Serbian media by Vučić and his party.[22][23] Following the announcement of the results, protests were held across Serbia against Vučić's victory.[24] There were several issues. First, the electoral campaign was short only fulfilling minimal requirement of 30 days, despite the fact that these were regular elections. Also, until the last day it was unclear if there would be only parliamentary elections or parliamentary and City of Belgrade elections which hampered electoral strategies of opposition candidates. Furthermore, the governing majority made a decision to dissolve the parliament during the campaign, which was not justified and badly hurt visibility of opposition. There were also a problems with imperfect electoral registers recorded which was similar as with previous elections. Controversy also arose regarding financing of electoral campaigns. Independent Investigative journalists reported that up to 6879 individual donors have provided Aleksandar Vučić's campaign with exactly 40.000 RSD each, which is near maximum amount and individual can contribute.[23] The OSCE have announced that there are reports of pressure on employees of state and state-affiliated institutions to support Vučić and secure, in a cascade fashion, support from subordinate employees, family members, and friends.[25] On 3 April 2017, the Republican Electoral Commission announced that the election results from two polling stations in Bačka Palanka and Zrenjanin would be annulled and followed by a repeat vote at those stations on 11 April. This was due to reports of electoral fraud.[26] The following day, the election results were annulled in a further six municipalities, with re-runs also scheduled for 11 April.[27] The repeat vote in the eight municipalities could not change the outcome of the elections, as there were only 9,851 voters who are eligible to vote,[27] fewer than Vučić's margin of victory. In Novi Pazar, where Vučić recorded 74.43% of the vote, Sead Biberović from the Novi Pazar-based NGO called "Urban-IN" claimed that there were "serious crimes committed at multiple polling stations," and that "some people went from station to station, where they threatened, used ransoms, and lied".[28] Rešad Hodžić, who was Saša Janković's campaign representative in Novi Pazar, claimed that "30,000 lists were prepared in the trunks of cars circulating between polling places, in an attempt to be cast into the voting boxes."[29] He said that the Janković campaign workers did as much as they could to stop electoral fraud, going on to say: {{cquote|"In polling station #90, activists of the Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak gave poll workers 5,000 dinars each in order to submit 500 votes for Vučić, which they accepted. In the end, Vučić recorded 532 votes at that polling station. In Vranovina they offered 400 euros to submit 200 votes. For all of this we have witnesses and averments."[29]}}On 3 April, following the announcement of Vučić's victory, a student protest formed in front of the Serbian National Assembly, which, according to Danas, was attended by over 10,000 people.[30] Protests after the election results were announced emerged in 15 cities throughout Serbia.[31] Media freedom{{see also|Media freedom in Serbia}}The Associated Press and Reporters Without Borders reported that Aleksandar Vučić, the candidate of the governing coalition, had ten times more airtime on national broadcasters than all other candidates combined and that mainstream media under Vučić's control have been demonizing most of the opposition presidential candidates, without giving them the opportunity to respond.[38][32] This practice was different compared to the previous elections, when the two main candidates had approximately the same media coverage.[33] Non-governmental organizations involved in election observation, CRTA and Bureau for Social Research, emphasized that the presence of Aleksandar Vučić in newspaper and the electronic media during presidential campaign was disproportionate, adding that media have lost their critical roleand that they have become a means of political propaganda.[34][35] The OSCE report noted that general reluctance of media to report critically on or to challenge the governing authorities significantly reduced the amount of impartial information available to voters,[25] that аll private national television channels displayed preferential treatment towards Vučić in their news programmes, and that public resources were used in support of Vučić, including endorsements and favourable articles in municipal information material.[25] The European Commission stated in its Serbia 2018 report that the Regulatory Body for Electronic Media had failed to address imbalances in media coverage during the presidential campaign.[36] One day before the beginning of the election silence, seven major newspapers covered their entire front pages with adverts for Vučić.[37] Slaviša Lekić, president of the Independent Journalist Association of Serbia said "With this, Aleksandar Vučić clearly demonstrated that he can control over everything in this country."[38] Vučić was the subject of criticism and satire for the appearance of a show on Happy TV in the last days of the campaign, with guests including his parents, in which he offered assistance in front of the camera to a man who allegedly fainted.[39][40][41] ResultsAs Vučić received more than 50% of votes, no second round was held and he was elected.
References1. ^Serbia to hold presidential elections on April 2 B92, 28 February 2017 {{Serbian elections}}2. ^Serbia IFES 3. ^President-elect Vucic to remain PM for another two months B92, 3 April 2017 4. ^Izborni listići: Janković 1, Jeremić 2, Beli 5, Vučić 6 B92, 17 March 2017 5. ^{{cite news|title=Девета седница Републичке изборне комисије|url=http://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/aktivnosti-sednice.php#a74|accessdate=5 March 2017|publisher=www.rik.parlament.gov.rs|date=5 March 2017}} 6. ^{{cite news|title= RIK proglasila kandidaturu Vuka Jeremića |url=http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2017&mm=03&dd=10&nav_category=11&nav_id=1238594|accessdate=10 March 2017|publisher=www.b92.net|date=10 March 2017}} 7. ^1 {{cite news|title=RIK proglasio kandidature Čanka, Stamatovića i Parovića, Beli nije na dnevnom redu|url=http://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/rik-proglasio-kandidature-canka-stamatovica-i-parovica-beli-nije-na-dnevnom-redu/eez344z}} 8. ^{{cite news|title= 16. sednica RIK-a |url=http://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/aktivnosti-sednice.php#a73}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Haos zbog Belog|url=http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/politika/aktuelno.289.html:654660-Haos-zbog-Belog}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Девета седница Републичке изборне комисије|url=http://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/aktivnosti-sednice.php#a73|accessdate=5 March 2017|publisher=www.rik.parlament.gov.rs|date=5 March 2017}} 11. ^{{cite news|title= RIK: Proglašena kandidatura Boška Obradovića |url=http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2017&mm=03&dd=10&nav_category=11&nav_id=1238868}} 12. ^{{cite news|title= RIK proglasio kandidaturu Vojislava Šešelja za predsednika |url=http://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/rik-proglasio-kandidaturu-vojislava-seselja-za-predsednika/2z5c61r|accessdate=6 March 2017|publisher=www.blic.rs|date=6 March 2017}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Proglašena kandidatura Aleksandra Popovića|url=http://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/proglasena-kandidatura-aleksandra-popovica/1xceh0r}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=RIK: Potvrđeni Stamatović, Parović i Čanak, Beli nije još|url=http://rs.n1info.com/a234546/Vesti/Vesti/RIK-proglasio-predsednicku-kandidaturu-Stamatovica.html}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Nikolić odlučio da se kandiduje za predsednika|url=http://rs.n1info.com/a228467/Vesti/Vesti/Nikolic-odlucio-da-se-kandiduje-za-predsednika.html|accessdate=16 February 2017|publisher=N1|date=15 February 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/otkrivamo-sve-detalje-nikolic-se-predao-posle-tihih-signala-iz-moskve/c0d72l9|author=|title=OTKRIVAMO SVE DETALJE Nikolić se predao posle TIHIH SIGNALA IZ MOSKVE|date=20 February 2017|publisher=Blic|accessdate=20 February 2017}} 17. ^I Dušan Janjić najavljuje kandidaturu za predsednika Srbije Blic, 19 May 2016 18. ^Janjić odustao od predsedničke trke B92, 11 March 2017 19. ^Rajčić odustao od kandidature za predsednika Srbije Blic, 12 March 2017 20. ^1 2 {{Cite book |first1=Bojan |last1=Klačar|title=Oko izbora 20 |url=http://www.cesid.rs/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Oko-izbora-20.pdf |publisher=CeSID |year=2018 }} 21. ^{{cite web | url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/71904/1/EUROPP%20%E2%80%93%20Serbian%20presidential%20elections_%20The%20diaspora%20vote.pdf|title= Serbian presidential elections: The diaspora vote|publisher=European Politics and Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science|date=26 April 2017|accessdate=8 January 2018}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=A Serbian Election Erodes Democracy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/09/opinion/a-serbian-election-erodes-democracy.html?_r=0|website=The New York Times|accessdate=9 April 2017|date=9 April 2017}} 23. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Burazer |first1=Nikola |last2=Hackaj |first2=Krisela |last3=Shehaj |first3=Ardita |last4=Stefanovski |first4=Ivan |title=Democracy in Progress: shadow report on political Copenhagen criteria in Western Balkans EU candidate states |date=2017 |publisher=Centar savremene politike |location=Belgrade |isbn=978-86-80576-04-6}} 24. ^{{cite web|last1=Da Silva|first1=Chantal|title=Serbian protesters accuse media of turning blind eye, as anti-corruption rallies continue|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/serbia-protests-media-aleksandar-vucic-prime-minister-police-a7673532.html|website=The Independent|accessdate=9 April 2017|date=8 April 2017}} 25. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/serbia/322166?download=true|title=Presidental election 2017, OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|accessdate=18 December 2018}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://mondo.rs/a996827/Info/Srbija/RIK-ponistio-izbore-na-dva-biracka-mesta-u-Backoj-Palanci.html|author=Tanjug|title=Mondo: Poništeni izbori: Sumnjiv JMBG i višak listića|language=Serbian|date=4 April 2017|accessdate=4 April 2017}} 27. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/politika/aktuelno.289.html:658811-Ponovljanje-izbora-na-osam-birackih-mesta-11-aprila|author=Tanjug|title=Večernje Novosti: Ponovljanje izbora na osam biračkih mesta 11. aprila|language=Serbian|date=4 April 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radiostoplus.com/item/21091|author=A. Bajrović|title=Radio Sto Plus: Biberović: Rezultati ne pokazuju stvarno opredeljenje Novopazaraca|language=Serbian|date=3 April 2017|accessdate=4 April 2017}} 29. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.radiostoplus.com/item/21098|author=N. Kočović|title=Radio Sto Plus: Hodžić: Totalna krađa, ni devedesetih nije bilo ovako|language=Serbian|date=4 April 2017|accessdate=4 April 2017}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.danas.rs/drustvo.55.html?news_id=342754&title=Vi%C5%A1e+od+10.000+mladih+protestuje+protiv+diktature|title=Danas: Više od 10.000 mladih protestuje protiv diktature|language=Serbian|date=3 April 2017|accessdate=4 April 2017}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.danas.rs/politika.56.html?news_id=342828&title=Protesti+protiv+vlasti+u+15+gradova+Srbije+(VIDEO)|title=Danas: Protesti protiv vlasti u 15 gradova Srbije|language=Serbian|date=4 April 2017|accessdate=4 April 2017}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mom-rsf.org/en/countries/serbia/|title=Media Ownership Monitor Serbia|publisher=Reporters Without Borders|accessdate=18 December 2018}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/serbia/322166?download=true|title=Parliamentary and early presidental election 2012, OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|accessdate=18 December 2018}} 34. ^{{Cite book |title=CRTA observation mission Final report Presidential elections 2017 |url=http://crta.rs/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/CRTA-observation-mission-Final-report-Presidential-elections-2017-1.pdf |publisher=CRTA |year=2017 |page=24}} 35. ^{{Cite book |first1=Zoran |last1=Gavrilović |first2=Marina |last2=Mijatović |first3=Dražen |last3=Pavlica|title=Mediji, izbori i javnost 2017 |url=http://www.birodi.rs/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Mediji-javnost-izbori-2017.pdf |publisher=Bureau for Social Research |year=2017 }} 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/20180417-serbia-report.pdf|title=Serbia 2018 Report|publisher=European Commission|accessdate=25 December 2018}} 37. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/f637c57b3b9e4dbfad2a052a4df1ccbe|title=Major newspapers in Serbia hit stands with same front pages|date=30 March 2017|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=17 December 2018}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://safejournalists.net/serbia-media-freedom-worsening-serbs-take-streets/|title=Serbia: Media freedom worsening as Serbs take to the streets|date=25 April 2017|publisher=Safe Journalists|accessdate=17 December 2018}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.espreso.rs/vesti/politika/179569/decko-ponovo-pao-u-nesvest-u-cirilici-dok-je-vucic-pricao-srusio-se-odjednom-a-evo-ko-mu-je-pomogao-video|title=DEČKO PONOVO PAO U NESVEST U ĆIRILICI DOK JE VUČIĆ PRIČAO: Srušio se odjednom, a evo ko mu je pomogao (VIDEO)|publisher=espreso.rs|accessdate=8 January 2019}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=https://kosovotwopointzero.com/en/vucics-victory-leads-serbia-towards-autocracy/|title=Vucic’s victory leads Serbia towards autocracy|publisher=Kosovo.2|accessdate=8 January 2019}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/2017/11/17/in-macedonia-and-serbia-right-wing-politicians-make-their-followers-swoon-literally/|title=In Macedonia and Serbia, Right-Wing Politicians Make Their Followers Swoon—Literally|publisher=Global Voices|accessdate=8 January 2019}} 4 : Presidential elections in Serbia|2017 elections in Europe|2017 in Serbia|April 2017 events in Europe |
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