| 释义 |
- History Urartu Kingdom of Armenia Byzantines, Sassanids, and the Artsrunis Seljuk Empire Turco-Iranian rivalry and the Ottoman era Demographics The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 World War I and Armenian Genocide Turkish War of Independence and Republic
- Geography Climate Landmarks
- Cuisine
- Transport
- Media
- The Van Cat
- Notable residents
- International relations Twin towns – Sister cities
- Photo gallery
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Van
|nickname =
|settlement_type=Metropolitan municipality
|total_type =
|motto =
|image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1a = Van Fortress From Northwest.JPG
| photo2a =Hoşap Kalesi (Van, Türkiye).JPG
| photo2b = Aghtamar.jpg
| photo3a = Akhtamar Island on Lake Van with the Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross.jpg
| photo3b = Wan,Mizgefta Hezretî Omer.JPG
| size = 280
| spacing = 2
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 0
| foot_montage =From top to bottom: Van Lake, Hoşap Castle, Akdamar Church, Van Lake, Akdamar Island, Tushba A mosque
}}
|imagesize = 310px
|image_caption =
|flag_size =
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|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|seal_alt =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
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|image_blank_emblem =
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|image_map =
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|image_map1 =
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|pushpin_map = Turkey
|pushpin_label_position =
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|pushpin_relief = 1
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|pushpin_mapsize = 310px
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{TUR}}
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = Eastern Anatolia
|subdivision_type2 = Province
|subdivision_name2 = Van
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Bekir Kaya (DBP)
|leader_title1 = Governor
|leader_name1 = İbrahim Taşyapan
|established_title =
|established_date =
| area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}}
| area_blank1_title = District
| area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Van|Van}}
|elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 1730|elevation_ft =| population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Van}}| population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Van|Van|şehir}}| population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}| population_blank1_title = District| population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Van|Van|toplam}}| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto|timezone1 =|utc_offset1 =|timezone1_DST =|utc_offset1_DST =|coordinates = {{coord|38|29|39|N|43|22|48|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code_type = |postal_code =|area_code =|website =|footnotes =}}Van ({{lang-tr|Van}}; {{lang-hy|Վան}}; {{lang-ku|Wan}}; {{lang-ota|فان}}; {{lang-grc-x-medieval|Εύα}}, Eua) is a city in eastern Turkey's Van Province, located on the eastern shore of Lake Van. The city has a long history as a major urban area. It has been a large city since the first millennium BC, initially as Tushpa, the capital of the kingdom of Urartu from the 9th century BC to the 6th century BC, and later as the center of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan. Today, Van has a Kurdish majority and a sizeable Turkish minority.[{{cite journal|title=State–Tribe Relations: Kurdish Tribalism in the 16th-and 17th-Century Ottoman Empire|last=Özoğlu |first=Hakan|work=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies|volume=23 |issue=1|date=May 1996|pages=5–27|publisher=Taylor & Francis|subscription=y|doi=10.1080/13530199608705620}}]
2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=65&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004072329/http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=65&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env |archive-date=2011-10-04 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
3. ^David McDowall, "Modern History of the Kurds," I.B. Tauris, 1996, pg 440
4. ^TESEV. "An Assessment of the Van Action Plan for the Internally Displaced" Accessed at http://www.tesev.org.tr/UD_OBJS/PDF/DEMP/TESEV_VanActionPlanReport.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011054228/http://www.tesev.org.tr/UD_OBJS/PDF/DEMP/TESEV_VanActionPlanReport.pdf |date=2010-10-11 }}.
5. ^http://www.sanalda1numara.net/dogu-anadolu-bolgesi/166142-van-ili-tarihcesi-yuzolcumu-nufus-ve-sosyal-yapi-ilceleri.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122221300/http://www.sanalda1numara.net/dogu-anadolu-bolgesi/166142-van-ili-tarihcesi-yuzolcumu-nufus-ve-sosyal-yapi-ilceleri.html |date=2011-11-22 }} Van Central district (sanalda1numara.net)
6. ^Edmund Herzig, Marina Kurkchiyan, The Armenians: Past And Present In The Making Of National Identity, p. 31
7. ^The Journal of Roman Studies – Page 124 by Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies
8. ^http://rbedrosian.com/Classic/kvan1.htm
9. ^The Met Museum Website: The Sasanian Empire (224–651 A.D.)
10. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=9lHeh36S8ooC&pg=PT1462&lpg=PT1462&dq=arabs+consolidated+arminiya&source=bl&ots=POFYPrUuOa&sig=0j_GVrgMMeoHT6j4mQ9oKRxQ2fU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5-67O6rPRAhVKJCYKHc8wAlwQ6AEIMTAD#v=onepage&q=arabs%20consolidated%20arminiya&f=false The Cambridge Medieval History Series volumes 1–5 by Plantagenet Publishing, 2nd to last paragraph on the page linked to. (no page numbers shown on the online document)]
11. ^Iranica Online Website: Artsruni
12. ^1 Armenian History Website: Kingdom of Vaspurakan
13. ^{{Armenian Van-Vaspurakan 2000|first=Robert H.|last=Hewsen|page=40|title=Van in This World: Paradise in the Next: The Historical Geography of Van/Vaspurakan.
Armenian churches within the walled city included Saint Tiramayr ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Տիրամայր}}), Saint Vardan ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Վարդան}}), Saint Poghos ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Պողոս}}), Saint Nshan ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Նշան}}), Saint Sahak ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Սահակ}}), and Saint Tsiranavor ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Ծիրանաւոր}}); in Aygestan ({{lang-hy|Այգեստան}}), Haykavank ({{lang-hy|Հայկավանք}}), Norashen ({{lang-hy|Նորաշէն}}), Arark ({{lang-hy|Արարք}}), Hankoysner, and other quarters each had a church.}}
14. ^Hewler, 39
15. ^Values as printed in the official statistics from 1914.
16. ^Justin McCarthy: Muslims and Minorities. New York University Press, 1983, p. 110 f.
17. ^Hewsen, 35.
18. ^Anahide Ter Minassian: "The city of Van at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." In: Richard G. Hovannisian: Armenian Van/Vaspurakan. Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa/CA 2000, p. 179.
19. ^Minassian, 180.
20. ^Minassian, 181.
21. ^Sarkis Y. Karayan: "Demography of Van Province, 1844–1914". In: Richard G. Hovannisian: Armenian Van/Vaspurakan. Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa/CA 2000, p. 196.
22. ^[https://www.sophenearmeniaca.com/2019/03/06/who-was-sheikh-jalaleddin/ Who Was Sheikh Jalaleddin?]
23. ^[https://www.sophenearmeniaca.com/2019/01/06/jalaleddin-and-the-russo-turkish-war-of-1877-1878/ Jalaleddin and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878]
24. ^Akcam, Taner. A Shameful Act, p. 140. New York:Henry Holt Co. 2006. {{ISBN|0-8050-8665-X}}
25. ^1 Akçam, 201
26. ^Morgenthau, Henry. Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, p. 205. Wayne State University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8143-2979-9}}
27. ^Ussher, Clarence Douglass. An American Physician in Turkey. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1917, p. 236.
28. ^Ter Minassian, Anahide, "Van 1915" in Armenian Van/Vaspurakan, pp. 209–44.
29. ^Akçam, p. 202.
30. ^Akçam, p. 200
31. ^1 The Banality of Indifference: Zionism and the Armenian Genocide – Page 42 by Yaïr Auron
32. ^Akçam, p. 140
33. ^{{cite book|last=Rubenstein|first=Richard L.|title=Jihad and genocide|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=0742562026|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYez6YcL-B8C|edition=1st pbk.}}
34. ^{{cite book|last=L. Jacobs|first=Steven|title=Confronting Genocide: Judaism, Christianity, Islam|year=Jun 30, 2009|page=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2UdOMWoQ2MC|isbn=9780739135907}}
35. ^Akçam, Taner. "A shameful Act." Translated by Paul Bessemer. Metropolitan Books, New York. 2006.
36. ^{{Cite book| last = Hewsen | first = Robert H. | title = Armenia: A Historical Atlas | year = 2001 | publisher = The University of Chicago Press | isbn = 0-226-33228-4 | pages = 207 }}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/10/23/world/europe/turkey-earthquake/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 | title = Report: Death toll rises to 217 after massive earthquake in Turkey | date = 2011-10-24 | accessdate = 2011-10-24 | publisher=CNN}}
38. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20180715-the-turkish-city-that-lives-for-breakfast|title=The Turkish city that lives for breakfast|last=Osterlund|first=Paul Benjamin|language=en|access-date=2018-07-17}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=Characteristics|url=http://www.turkishvancatclub.co.uk/character.html|publisher=Turkish Van Cat Club|accessdate=15 July 2012}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bursa.bel.tr/kardes-sehirler/sayfa/261/|title=Kardeş Şehirler|accessdate = 2013-07-27|work=Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez|publisher=Tüm Hakları Saklıdır}}
Bibliography- {{Armenian Van-Vaspurakan 2000}}
External links{{wikivoyage|Van}}- Governorship of Van
- Municipality of Van
- Van 100th Year University
- Plan of Van city as it was before 1915
- Lots of pictures of the city including the Kale and Yedi Kilesi
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Van}}{{Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey}}{{Historic capitals of Armenia}}{{Portal bar|Turkey|Geography}} 9 : Van, Turkey|Cities in Turkey|Districts of Van Province|Populated places in Van Province|Former capitals of Armenia|Archaeological sites in Eastern Anatolia|Armenian Genocide extermination centers|Kurdish settlements|Turkish Kurdistan |