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词条 2018 Bangladesh election violence
释义

  1. Background

  2. Election schedule

  3. Violence

      Police harassment    Attacks on candidates    Incidents of death  

  4. Reactions

  5. References

2018 Bangladesh election violence was a series of brutal attacks mostly on opposition party candidates and clashes between the ruling and opposition party men centering the scheduled general election on December 30, 2018.[1]

According to UN human rights experts, only from December 9 to 12, a total of 47 such incidents of violence were reported, in which eight people were killed mostly from ruling party and 560 were injured.[2]

As of December 18, 2018, major opposition party of the country Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) claimed, at least 4 activists of the party have been killed and 152 of 300 candidates have been attacked while campaigning.[3] Moreover, 16 candidates from the alliance of opposition groups are in jail.[4] The number of activists arrested by police after the declaration of election schedule is around 21,000 according to the leaders of Jatiya Oikya Front, the largest opposition alliance of the country.[5]

The victims of violence include former ministers, parliamentarians, veteran freedom fighters and senior leaders from the opposition alliance. At least 70 candidates from opposition alliance Jatiya Oikya Front claimed that they cannot even participate in the campaign in fear of attacks.[6]

Renowned rights watchdog, Human Rights Watch in its bulletin titled "Bangladesh: Crackdown as Elections Loom" claimed, 'Bangladesh security forces have been arresting and intimidating opposition figures and threatening freedom of expression in advance of national elections.'[7]

On 3 January 2019, Human Rights Watch called for an investigation on attack on members of the opposition party on and before Bangladesh elections. [8]

Background

After the 1994-96 protest for election time neutral government, Bangladesh amended the constitution to include caretaker government system that will oversee the election. Later, successive caretaker governments conducted free, fair and credible national elections in 1996, 2001 and 2008.

In 2011, the government in Bangladesh led by Awami League scrapped the provision of election time caretaker government following a much debated verdict by the Supreme Court of the country that declared the caretaker government system illegal creating a political crisis in the country.[9]

Later, the 2014 general election was held under the supervision of Awami League government and was boycotted by 30 of 42 registered political parties of the country, resulting in the deterioration of the political situation further.[10]

In 2018, Bangladesh's election commission declared the schedule of another general election that will be held again with Awami League in power and its chief Sheikh Hasina as the Prime Minister of the country. The election is set to take place on December 30, 2018.[11]

Election schedule

Chief Election Commissioner KM Nurul Huda announced December 23, 2018 as the date for holding general election, initially. According to the schedule, the last date for filing nomination papers for candidacy was November 19 and the last date for withdrawing candidacy was November 29.[12]

After public hue and cry, the commission rescheduled the election date to December 30, 2018, with December 9 as the last date for withdrawal of candidature on November 12.

Violence

Police harassment

BNP's candidate for Dhaka-1 constituency Khondokar Abu Ashfaq was detained on December 11, 2018 while campaigning for upcoming parliamentary elections. Officer in charge of Dohar police Md Sazzad said he was detained 'on security ground'. He was later freed.[13]

As of December 21, 2018, Bangladesh police has detained 16 opposition party candidates who will be running for the election. Besides, according to Jatiya Oikya Front leaders, 21000 activists of the alliance have been detained by police after the declaration of schedule.[5]

The list of candidates jailed by police before the election includes:

List of candidates in jail[14]
Candidate's NameConstituencyAlliance/Party
Maulana Abdul HakimThakurgaon-220 Party Alliance
Monowar HossainMagura-1Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Abul Kalam AzadKhulna-620 Party Alliance
Abdul KhalequeSatkhira-220 Party Alliance
Khairul Kabir KhokonNarshingdi-1Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Sultan Salahuddin TukuTangail-2Bangladesh Nationalist Party
SM JilaniGopalganj-3Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Shahadat HossainChattogram-9Bangladesh Nationalist Party
ANM Shamsul HaqueChattogram-1520 Party Alliance
AHM Hamidur Rahman AzadCox's Bazar-220 Party Alliance
Monirul Haque ChowdhuryCumilla-10Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Abu Sayeed ChanRajshahi-620 Party Alliance
Fazlul Haque MilonGazipur-5Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Gazi Nazrul IslamSatkhira-4Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Abu Sayeed Mohammad Shahadat Hussain[15]Jashore-220 Party Alliance
Abu Taher[17]Cumilla-7Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD

Wife of Motiar Rahman, the 20 Party Alliance candidate from Jhenaidaha-3, Nazma Rahman has been made accused in a vandalism case on December 11, 2018 after police failed to nab his husband.[16]

In Dhaka-16 BNP candidate Ahsanullah's wife Rina Hasan while campaigning with other women workers of the party, Awami League activists was obstructed. After returning home local police, rather than taking any action against the Awami League activists arrested her from her home.[17]

On December 15, 2018, Supreme Court Bar Association's Secretary General Mahbub Uddin Khokon, also BNP's candidate from Noakhali-1, alleged that he was shot by the local police while campaigning. Police Superintendent Ilias Sharif defended the attack terming it as an attempt to bring the situation under control.[18]

Following an attack on BNP's Jhalakathi-2 candidate Jeba Amin Khan, police arrested local BNP leaders instead of arresting the attackers, on December 20, 2018.[19]

Moreover, on December 20, 2018 police pressed a charge sheet against Saiful Alam Nirob, BNP candidate in Dhaka-12, and 37 others, and subsequently the court issued arrest warrants in a case filed for assaulting police and preventing them from discharging their duties in December 2017.[20]

Reports say that many supporters of the opposition Parties were arrested just before Bangladesh elections on 30 December 2018. The violence that erupted before the election day left at least 17 people dead.[21]

Attacks on candidates

No less than 100 candidates have been allegedly attacked by Bangladesh Awami League (BAL) men throughout the country. Even the leaders who are not taking part in the election were even attacked in the daylight with police standing as spectators.

Dr. Kamal Hossain, the leader of Jatiya Oikya Front was attacked on December 14, 2018 while coming out of Martyred Intellectuals Memorial in Dhaka along with A. S. M. Abdur Rab after paying homage to the martyred intellectuals of Liberation War of Bangladesh.[22]

Bangladesh Nationalist Party's Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir's motorcade was attacked at Thakurgaon while campaigning in his area.[23]

Several member of National Standing Committee Bangladesh Nationalist Party including Mirza Abbas, Moudud Ahmed and Dr. Abdul Moyeen Khan was attacked during campaign at least twice.[24] Another National Standing Committee member, former minister and a Hindu minority leader of the party Gayeshwar Chandra Roy was brutally attacked just four days before the election.

War veteran Oli Ahmad, the chief of Liberal Democratic Party was attacked while campaigning at Chottogram.[25]

Among other prominent leaders, former minister Abdullah Al Noman of Chattogram-10,[26] former minister Professor Abu Sayeed of Pabna-1,[27] former minister Shah Moazzem Hossain from Munsiganj-1[28] and Supreme Court Bar Association Secretary General Mahbub Uddin Khokon of Noakhali-1 were attacked while campaigning. BNP Chairperson's advisor and BNP's candidate from Pabna-4, Habibur Rahman Habib was stabbed by Awami League activists while campaigning.

Former Minister and Jatiya Oikya Front candidate Professor Abu Sayeed has been the victims of 17-18 criminal attacks from December 10 to December 27, that is one attack each day.[29]

Even women leaders were not spared, former minister Mirza Abbas's wife and BNP's contender from Dhaka-9 Afroza Abbas, former minister Iqbal Hasan Mahmud Tuku's wife Romana Mahmud of Sirajganj-2,[30] former minister Ruhul Quddus Talukdar's wife Sabina Yasmin Chhobi of Natore-2,[31] Communist Party of Bangladesh candidate Jolly Talukdar were repeatedly attacked.

Mahmudur Rahman Manna, chief of Nagorik Oikya, and candidate from Bogura-2, was attacked in Dhaka while campaigning for his party's candidate at Uttara.

Former UN official and prominent economist Dr. Reza Kibria, also Jatiya Oikyafront candidate for Habiganj-1, came under attack in his constituency.[32]

Among other leaders Fariduzzaman, Jatiya Oikyafront candidate for Narail-2; GM Siraj, BNP candidate for Bogura-5; Sharifuzzaman, BNP candidate for Chuadanga-1; Manjurul Alam Bimol, 20-party candidate for Natore-1; Jeba Amin, BNP candidate for Jhalakathi-2; Azharul Islam Manna, BNP candidate for Narayanganj-3, Aminul Farid, Left Democratic Alliance candidate for Bogura-6; Jafrul Islam Chowdhury, BNP candidate for Chattogram-16; Irfan Ibne Aman, BNP candidate for Dhaka-2,[33] and Zonayed Saki, Left Democratic Alliance candidate for Dhaka-12 were attacked.[34]

Prominent Bangladeshi singer Kanak Chapa, BNP's candidate from Sirajganj-1 was forced to leave her constituency fearing her life.[35]

Former minister and independent candidate from Tangail 4, Abdul Latif Siddique was attacked in his area during the campaign. He subsequently stepped off from the election to save his life.[35]

Jatiya Party leader Mahmudul Islam Chowdhury from Chottogram-16 was injured along with his 30 supporters when miscreants opened fire on his motorcade during campaign.[36]

Incidents of death

As of December 30, 2018, at least fifteen political activists have died including 10 on election day in the run-up of the 2018 Bangladeshi general election.

  • Two youths died in Dhaka in an intra-party clash of Bangladesh Awami League on November 9, 2018.[37]
  • On December 11, 2018 two activists of Bangladesh Awami League died after clashing Bangladesh Nationalist Party men in Noakhali district and Faridpur district.[38]
  • Md Rasel, a member of Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Chatra Dal's Chottogram EPZ thana unit died after falling from rooftop when he was allegedly being chased by police on December 15, 2018.[39]
  • Abu Bakar Abu, vice president of Jashore district Bangladesh Nationalist Party, who was seeking nomination was found dead on November 23, two days after he was abducted from Dhaka.[40]
  • On December 8, 2018, unidentified criminals stabbed a Bangladesh Chhatra League leader to death in Dhaka.[41]
  • On December 30, 2018, at least 17 people were killed in clashes between ruling party supporters and the opposition.[42]
  • As elections 2018 was coming up in Bangladesh, at least two people were killed and many injured in the violence that started December 11 when candidates’ lists were published.[43]
  • Newspaper Daily Star wrote on 17 December 2018 that in recent violence before Bangladesh elections some opposition candidates have been attacked ,13 of them have been injured and two arrested [44]

Reactions

United Nations Secretary General António Guterres has called upon the government to ensure an environment "free of violence, intimidation and coercion" before, during and after the elections and has emphasized on holding a peaceful, credible and inclusive poll.[45]

Referring to the ongoing violence in Bangladesh, global rights group Human Rights Watch's Asia Director Brad Adams in a statement said, "The Awami League government has been systematically cracking down on independent and opposition voices to ensure that the ruling party faces no obstacles to total political control." He added that, "Members and supporters of the main opposition parties have been arrested, killed, even disappeared, creating an atmosphere of fear and repression that is not consistent with credible elections."[46]

US Ambassador to Bangladesh, Earl R. Miller commented that people from all parties were attacked during the campaign but opposition party members are "bore the brunt" of most violence.[47]

United States Department of State issued a statement on December 21, 2018 that the United States government is disappointed with Government of Bangladesh's refusal to grant VISA for the observers of Asian Network for Free Elections.[48]

British Minister of State for Asia and the Pacific Mark Field MP in a statement urged everyone in Bangladesh to refrain from further violence.[49]

A joint statement by 15 international election observers including Asian Human Rights Commission and International Federation for Human Rights termed the electoral environment of Bangladesh ahead of 2018 election, "undemocratic".[50]

Bangladeshi rights group Ain O Salish Kendra, has condemned the attack on opposition men across the country in an official statement.[51]

Jatiya Oikya Front's leader Dr. Kamal Hossain said, "The level of harassment is unprecedented and contrary to constitution."[52]

Election Commissioner Rafiqul Islam downplaying the level of violence opined that the violence is a part of election Bangladesh's political culture.[53]

References

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21. ^AL set for win in JS polls tainted by fraud, flaws
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51. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.askbd.org/ask/2018/12/12/bnp-leaders-vehicles-attacked-thakurgaon-bagura-ain-o-salish-kendra-condemns-expresses-concern/|title=BNP Leader's Vehicles attacked in Thakurgaon and Bagura: Ain o Salish Kendra Condemns and Expresses Concern|date=2018-12-12|website=Ain o Salish Kendra(ASK) {{!}} A Legal Aid & Human Rights Organisation|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-21}}
52. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/news/unprecedented-cop-harassment-jatiya-oikyafront-leader-dr-kamal-1677004|title=Unprecedented cop harassment: Dr Kamal|date=2018-12-21|website=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2018-12-21}}
53. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/12/21/election-commissioner-violence-is-a-part-of-our-political-culture|title=Election commissioner: Violence is a part of our political culture|date=2018-12-21|website=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=2018-12-28}}

3 : Violence in Bangladesh|2018 in Bangladesh|2018 crimes in Bangladesh
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