| 释义 |
- Background Political System
- Parliament of India By-elections to the Lok Sabha January March May Elections to the Rajya Sabha March
- State Legislatures Tripura Meghalaya Nagaland Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Chhatishgarh Mizoram Rajasthan By constituency
- State Assembly Bypolls Results Noorpur (Uttar Pradesh) Shahkot (Punjab) Jokihat (Bihar) Gomia and Silli (Jharkhand) Chengannur (Kerala) Palus-Kadegaon (Maharashtra) Ampati (Meghalaya) Tharali (Uttarakhand) Maheshtala (West Bengal) Jasdan (Gujarat) Kolebira (Jharkhand)
- Local body elections Jammu and Kashmir Uttarakhand
- See also
- References
- External links
Elections in the Republic of India in 2018 included by-elections to the Lok Sabha, elections to the Rajya Sabha, elections to legislative assemblies of eight states and numerous other by-elections to state legislative assemblies, councils and local bodies. The elections were widely considered crucial to the ruling National Democratic Alliance and the opposition United Progressive Alliance in lieu of the upcoming general elections in 2019. In seven of the eight states that went to polls this year, the Bharatiya Janata Party was in direct contest with the Indian National Congress. Further, the election results[1] in the states of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Rajasthan are considered a barometer of the pulse of the public before the general elections. Elections to the upper house where the ruling National Democratic Alliance does not command a majority are by kicking on the part of all the political leaders expected to strengthen its position. Background Political System According to the Constitution of India, elections should take place to the parliament and state legislative assemblies every five years, unless an emergency is under operation. Further, any vacancy caused by death or resignation must be filled through an election within six months of occurrence of such vacancy. The elections to the lower houses (in Parliament and in the states) use first past the post system - the candidate with a plurality of the votes wins the election. Elections to one-third of the seats of the upper house of the Parliament - the Rajya Sabha are conducted every two years. The members of the upper house are elected indirectly by the state legislative assemblies on the basis of proportional representation. Members to the state legislative councils (in states which have an upper house) are elected indirectly through local bodies.[2] All the elections at the central and state level are conducted by the Election Commission of India while local body elections are conducted by state election commissions.[3] Parliament of India By-elections to the Lok Sabha January | 2018 Winner | 2014 Winner | State | Constituency | | INC | BJP | Rajasthan | Alwar | | INC | BJP | Rajasthan | Ajmer | | AITC | AITC | West Bengal | Uluberia |
- Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of the incumbent Mahant Chandnath of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Both the Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian National Congress fielded candidates from the yadav community. 61.77% of the total 18,27,936 voters participated in the election.[4] For the first time in the country, election commission has placed candidates' photos next to their name to help voters identify the candidates. In what was seen as a body blow to the state government, the INC wrested control of the seat from the BJP, with its candidate Karan Singh Yadav winning the seat by a margin of 1,96,496 votes.[5][6]
- Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of the incumbent Sanwar Lal Jat of the Bharatiya Janata Party. 65% of the total 18.43 lakh voters participated in the election.[4] For the first time in the country, the election commission has placed candidates' photos next to their name to help voters identify the candidates. In what was seen as a body blow to the state government, the INC wrested control of the seat from the BJP, its candidate Raghu Sharma won by a margin of 84,238 votes.[7]
- Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of Mohammedan Sporting Club's president and All India Trinamool Congress M.P Sultan Ahmed.[8] Trinamool Congress candidate Sajda Ahmed won Uluberia Lok Sabha seat by defeating BJP candidate Anupam Mallick by 4,74,023 votes.[9]
March | 2018 Winner | 2014 Winner | State | Constituency | Note | | SP | BJP | Uttar Pradesh | Gorakhpur | Elections were held on March 11 to elect a new member of Parliament after the incumbent member Yogi Adityanath resigned from the post after he was appointed the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.[10][11] | | SP | BJP | Uttar Pradesh | Phulpur | Elections were held on March 14 to elect a new member of Parliament after the incumbent member Keshav Prasad Maurya resigned from the post after he was appointed the Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.[10][12] | | RJD | RJD | Bihar | Araria | The constituency fell vacant after the death of RJD MP Mohammed Taslimuddin.[10] |
May 4 parliamentary seats were contested on 28 May 2018.[13][14] The counting of votes took place on May 31.[13][15] This election saw the ruling BJP party lose their majority in the lower house of the Indian Parliament[16] | 2018 Winner | 2014 Winner | State | Constituency | Note | | RLD | BJP | Uttar Pradesh | Kairana | The constituency fell vacant after the death of BJP MP Hukum Singh. | | NCP | BJP | Maharashtra | Bhandara-Gondiya | Nana Patole quit as the BJP MP and resigned from the ruling party to return to the Congress earlier this year, necessitating the by-election. | | BJP | BJP | Maharashtra | Palghar | Palghar seat in north Konkan fell vacant after sitting BJP MP Chintaman Vanga died on 30 January following a heart attack. | | NDPP | NPF | Nagaland | Nagaland | The by-election was necessitated after NDPP's Neiphiu Rio resigned to take on the role of Nagaland chief minister. |
November3 parliamentary seats had been contested on 3rd November 2018 in Karnataka. Results were declared on 6th November 2018. | 2018 Winner | 2014 Winner | State | Constituency | Note |
|---|
| INC | BJP | Karnataka | Bellary | Bellary Lok Sabha constituency was vacated due to Sriramulu being elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in May 2018. | | JDS | JDS | Karnataka | Mandya | This seat was vacated after sitting MP had joined Karnataka Government as Minister for minor irrigation | | BJP | BJP | Karnataka | Shivamogga | Shivamogga constituency was vacated B. S. Yeddyurappa has quit after being elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in May 2018 |
Elections to the Rajya Sabha March - Elections to 59 Rajya Sabha seats held on March 23. The results declared on the same day.[17] The Bhartiya Janta Party consolidated its position as the largest party in the Rajya Sabha by winning 28 of the 58 seats in the House. With these results, the BJP-led NDA now has 87 seats in the 245- seat Rajya Sabha compared to the 57 seats of the Congress-led UPA. Other smaller parties together account for the remaining 100 seats.[18]
State Legislatures | Date | State | Government before | Government after | Elected Chief Minister |
|---|
| 18 February 2018 | Tripura | | CPI(M) | | Bharatiya Janata Party | Biplab Kumar Deb (BJP) | | 27 February 2018 | Meghalaya | | INC | | NPP | Conrad Sangma (NPP) | | UDP | | UDP | | 27 February 2018 | Nagaland | | NPF | | NDPP | Neiphiu Rio (NDPP) | | BJP | | 12 May 2018 | Karnataka | | INC | | JD(S) | H. D. Kumaraswamy (JDS) | | INC | | 12 & 20 November 2018 | Chhattisgarh | | BJP | | INC | Bhupesh Baghel (INC) | | 28 November 2018 | Madhya Pradesh | | BJP | | INC | Kamal Nath (INC)[19] | | 28 November 2018 | Mizoram | | INC | | MNF | Zoramthanga (MNF) | | 7 December 2018 | Rajasthan | | BJP | | INC | Ashok Gehlot (INC) | | 7 December 2018 | Telangana | | TRS | | TRS | K. Chandrashekar Rao (TRS) |
Tripura {{Main|2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election}}Elections were held in Tripura on 18 February 2018 in 59 out of 60 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly.[20] The Left Front led by Manik Sarkar sought re-election, having governed Tripura since the 1998 election. The region in general had been under the political control of the Communist Party for 25 years prior to the election, leading to the region being dubbed a "red holdout".[21] The incumbent Left Front government was defeated after 25 years of office, with the Bharatiya Janata Party and Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura winning a large majority of seats. The Indian National Congress, which was the second largest party in the 2013 election, lost all its seats and most of its vote share. | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− |
|---|
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 999,093 | 43.0 | 36 | {{Increase}}36 | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) | 992,575 | 42.7 | 16 | {{Decrease}}33 | | Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura (IPFT) | 173,603 | 7.5 | 8 | {{Increase}}8 | | Indian National Congress (INC) | 41,325 | 1.8 | 0 | {{Decrease}}10 | | Communist Party of India (CPI) | 19,352 | 0.8 | 0 | {{decrease}}1 | | Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) | 17,568 | 0.8 | 0 | {{Steady}} | | Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra (INPT) | 16,255 | 0.7 | 0 | {{Steady}} | | All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) | 13,115 | 0.6 | 0 | {{Steady}} | | All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) | 6,989 | 0.3 | 0 | {{Steady}} | | Independents (IND) | 0 | {{Steady}} | | Other parties and coalitions | 0 | {{steady}} | | None of the Above (NOTA) | | | Vacant seat | | 1 | {{Increase}}1 | | | Total | 100.00 | | 60 | ±0 |
Meghalaya {{Main|2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election}}Elections were held in Meghalaya on 27 February 2018 to elect 59 of 60 members to the Legislative Assembly. The incumbent Indian National Congress government controlled the state in a coalition with smaller parties prior to the election, and sought to retain office. The elections resulted in a hung assembly with no single party or alliance getting the requisite majority of 31 seats in the Vidhan Sabha.[22] Conrad Sangma, leader of the National People's Party, announced that he would form a government with the support of the United Democratic Party and other regional parties.[23][24] He was sworn in as the Chief Minister, along with eleven other ministers.[25] | Party | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Contested | Won | +/− |
|---|
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 447,472 | 28.5 | 59 | 21 | {{decrease}}8 | | National People's Party (NPP) | 323,500 | 20.6 | 52 | 19 | {{increase}}17 | | United Democratic Party (UDP) | 182,491 | 11.6 | 27 | 6 | {{decrease}}2 | | Independents (IND) | 170,249 | 10.8 | 3 | {{decrease}}10 | | Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 151,217 | 9.6 | 47 | 2 | {{increase}}2 | | People's Democratic Front (PDF) | 128,413 | 8.2 | 8 | 4 | {{increase}}4 | | Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP) | 84,011 | 5.3 | 15 | 2 | {{increase}}1 | | Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | 25,247 | 1.6 | 6 | 1 | {{decrease}}1 | | Garo National Council (GNC) | 21,679 | 1.4 | 7 | 0 | {{decrease}}1 | | Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement (KHNAM) | 14,164 | 0.9 | 6 | 1 | {{increase}}1 | | All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) | 5,544 | 0.4 | 0 | {{Steady}} | | None of the Above (NOTA) | 14,631 | 0.9 | | | Vacant seat | | 1 | {{increase}}1 | | | Total | 100.00 | | 297 | 60 | ±0 |
Nagaland {{Main|2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election}}Elections were held in Nagaland on 27 February 2018 in 59 out of 60 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly. The scheduled election in Northern Angami II constituency did not take place as only incumbent MLA Neiphiu Rio was nominated and was therefore declared elected unopposed.[26][27] The ruling Naga People's Front was challenged by the newly established Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP), an ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The NDPP and its allies won a majority, with former Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio returning to government. | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Candidates | Won | +/− |
|---|
| Nagaland People's Front (NPF) | 389,912 | 38.8 | 58 | 26 | {{Decrease}}12 | | Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP) | 253,090 | 25.2 | 40 | 18 | {{Increase}}18 | | Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 153,864 | 15.3 | 20 | 12 | {{Increase}}11 | | National People's Party (NPP) | 69,506 | 6.9 | 25 | 2 | {{Increase}}2 | | Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)) | 45,089 | 4.5 | 13 | 1 | {{Steady}} | | Independents (IND) | 43,008 | 4.3 | 11 | 1 | {{Decrease}}7 | | Indian National Congress (INC) | 20,752 | 2.1 | 18 | 0 | {{Decrease}}8 | | Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | 10,693 | 1.1 | 6 | 0 | {{Decrease}}4 | | Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) | 7,491 | 0.7 | 3 | 0 | {{Steady}} | | Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) | 2,765 | 0.3 | 2 | 0 | {{Steady}} | | None of the Above (NOTA) | | | | Total | 100.00 | | 196 | 60 | ±0 |
Karnataka {{Main|2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election}}Elections were held in Karnataka on 12 May 2018 in 222 out of 224 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly. The incumbent Indian National Congress (INC) was seeking re-election, having governed the state since elections in 2013.[28] The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)) sought to regain office. The election led to a hung assembly, with the Bharatiya Janata Party emerging as the single largest party, with 104 seats, but failing to win a majority of seats and popular votes. The Indian National Congress (INC) won the popular vote.[29] Following the election, B. S. Yeddyurappa was appointed Chief Minister and tasked with forming a minority BJP government, but resigned two days later on being unable to prove majority in the assembly. Thereafter the INC and JD(S) which had entered into a post-poll agreement formed a majority coalition government. H.D. Kumaraswamy of Janata Dal (Secular) was subsequently appointed Chief Minister. | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− |
|---|
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 1,31,85,384 | 36.2 | {{Increase}}16.3 | 104 | {{Increase}}64 | | Indian National Congress (INC) | 1,49,32,069 | 38.0 | {{Increase}}1.4 | 80 | {{Decrease}}44 | | Janata Dal (Secular) (JDS) | 66,66,307 | 18.3 | {{Decrease}}1.9 | 37 | {{Decrease}}3 | | Independents (IND) | 14,37,045 | 3.9 | {{Decrease}} 3.5 | 1 | {{decrease}}8 | | Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) | 1,08,592 | 0.3 | 1 | {{increase}}1 | | Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party (KPJP) | 74,229 | 0.2 | 1 | {{increase}}1 | | Other parties and candidates | 6,83,632 | 2.2 | 0 | {{decrease}}13 | | None of the Above (NOTA) | 3,22,841 | 0.9 | | | | Total | 100.00 | | 224 | ±0 |
Madhya Pradesh| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | | Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− |
|---|
| INC + | 15,595,153 | 40.9% | {{Increase}}4.59% | 114 | {{Increase}}56 | | BJP | 15,642,980 | 41% | {{Decrease}}3.88% | 109 | {{Decrease}}56 | | BSP | 1,911,642 | 5% | {{Decrease}}1.29% | 2 | {{Decrease}}2 | | SP | 496,025 | 1.3% | {{Increase}}0.1% | 1 | {{Increase}}1 | | Independents | 2,218,230 | 5.8% | {{Increase}}0.42% | 4 | {{Increase}}1 | | None of the Above | 542,295 | 1.4% | | | | Total | 100.00 | | 230 | ±0 | |
Chhatishgarh| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | | Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− |
|---|
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 61,36,429 | 43.0% | {{increase}}2.71% | 68 | {{increase}}29 | | Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 47,01,530 | 33.0% | {{decrease}}8.04% | 15 | {{decrease}}34 | | Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (JCC) | 10,81,760 | 7.6% | New | 5 | New | | Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) | 5,51,687 | 3.9% | {{decrease}}0.37% | 2 | {{increase}}1 | | None of the Above (NOTA) | 2,82,588 | 2.0% | | | | Total | | 90 | ±0 | |
Mizoram| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | | Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− |
|---|
| Mizo National Front | 237,305 | 37.6% | {{increase}}8.9pp | 26 | {{increase}}21 | | Indian National Congress | 190,412 | 30.1% | {{decrease}}14.5pp | 5 | {{decrease}}29 | | Zoram People's Movement | 144,925 | 22.9% | {{decrease}}1.5pp | 8 | {{increase}}5 | | Bharatiya Janata Party | 50,744 | 8% | {{increase}}7.6pp | 1 | {{increase}}1 | | Others | 8,211 | 1.3% | {{decrease}}0.7pp | 0 | {{steady}}0 | | | Total | 631,597 | 100.00 | | 40 | ±0 | |
Rajasthan |