| 词条 | 2018 Hawaii earthquake |
| 释义 |
| name = 2018 Hawaii earthquake | image = 2018_Hawaii_earthquake.jpg | alt = | caption = Shakemap for the 2018 Hawaii earthquake | map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = {{Location map+ | Hawaii | places ={{Location map~|Hawaii|lat=19.71|long=-155.09|label=Hilo|mark=Green pog.svg}}{{Location map~|USA Hawaii|lat=21.3|long=-157.82|label=Honolulu|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg}}{{Location map~|Hawaii|lat=19.313|long=-154.998|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=40}} | relief = 1 | width = 260 | float = right | caption = }} | timestamp = 2018-05-04 22:32:55 | isc-event = 611928827 | anss-url = us1000dyad | local-date = {{Start date|2018|05|04}} | local-time = 12:33 p.m. HST | duration = | magnitude = 6.9 {{M|ww|link=y}}[1] | depth = {{convert|5.8|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}[2] | location = {{coord|19.313|N|154.998|W|region:US-HI_type:event|display=inline,title}} | fault = | type = Thrust fault | affected = | damages = | intensity = VIII (Severe)[3] | pga = | pgv = | tsunami = Yes (minor) | landslide = | foreshocks = | aftershocks = | casualties = 0 }} On May 4, 2018, an earthquake with a magnitude of {{M|w|link=y}} 6.9[4] struck Hawaii island in the Hawaii archipelago at around 12:33 p.m. local time.[5] The earthquake's epicenter was near the south flank of Kīlauea, which has been the site of seismic and volcanic activity since late April.[6] According to the United States Geological Survey the quake was related to the new lava outbreaks at the volcano, [7] and it resulted in the Hilina Slump moving about two feet.[8] It was the largest earthquake to affect Hawaii since the 1975 earthquake, which affected the same region,[9] killing two people and injuring another 28.[10] The earthquake had a maximum strength on the Mercalli intensity scale of VIII (Severe).[11] The earthquake was preceded by a smaller event, measuring 5.4, that was felt across the island and as far away as Oahu.[12] The earthquake produced a minor tsunami that reached a maximum height of 40 cm (15.7 in.) in Kapoho, 20 cm (7.9 in.) in Hilo and 15 cm (5.9 in.) in Honuapo.[13] Tectonic settingHawaii island is affected by a large number of minor earthquakes related to the movement of magma beneath its active volcanoes. Additionally there are less frequent tectonic earthquakes that are caused either by faulting within the volcanoes or by slip along the basal detachment surface at the top of the oceanic crust associated with the gradual collapse of the island's flanks as it continues to be enlarged.[14] Near Kilauea volcano, the largest structure formed by the collapse of the southeastern flank of the island is the Hilina slump. This slump moves seaward at an average rate of {{convert|10|cm/y|abbr=on}}. The slump moved during the May 4 earthquake by about {{convert|0.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} and has moved during previous earthquakes, such as those in 1868 and 1975.[15] EarthquakeThe main earthquake was preceded almost exactly an hour earlier by a {{M|w}} 5.4 foreshock with a similar epicenter and focal mechanism.[16] Analysis of seismic waveforms suggest that the mainshock was most likely caused by slip on a thrust fault dipping at 20° to the northwest beneath the southeastern flank of the volcano.[17] The mainshock was followed by four aftershocks greater than {{M|w}} 4.5 over the next 30 minutes. Smaller aftershock continued to occur for months after the main earthquake.[18] Further analysis of Love waves, whose radiation pattern gives a greater discrimination on low-angle dips, indicate that the rupture occurred on a plane dipping at about 7°, consistent with it happening at the base of the Hawaiian volcanic rocks, where they overly sedimentary rocks on the earlier seafloor. The calculated low rupture speed is also consistent with propagation along a relatively weak zone. This would make it similar to the 1975 Kalapana earthquake.[19] DamageThe quake damaged many buildings, caused landslides that damaged shorelines, and caused cracks in a road, causing it to be shut down.[20] See also
References1. ^{{cite anss|Hawaii|2018|us1000dyad|M 6.9 – 19km SSW of Leilani Estates, Hawaii}}. 2. ^{{short-anss|Hawaii|2018}}. 3. ^{{short-anss|Hawaii|2018 |sub-title= "ShakeMap"|sub-url= us1000dyad#shakemap |accessdate= May 4, 2018}}. 4. ^{{short-anss|Hawaii|2018|accessdate= May 4, 2018}}. 5. ^{{cite news |date=May 4, 2018 |title=USGS upgrades strength of latest Kilauea earthquake to magnitude 6.9; no tsunami |url=http://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/05/03/breaking-news/kilauea-volcano-may-2018/ |work=Honolulu Star-Advertiser |accessdate=May 4, 2018}} 6. ^{{cite news |date=May 4, 2018 |title=Magnitude-6.9 quake jolts Hawaii's Big Island |url=https://apnews.com/b73a9bcb51c64dbe95c404fa020d9988 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=May 4, 2018}} 7. ^The "lurch" of the M6.9 earthquake was prompted by pressure in the east rift zone due to the magma intrusion., {{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/usgs-volcanoes/k%C4%ABlauea-eruption-faqs-general-questions/2026097954085422 |title=Archived copy |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522125621/https://www.facebook.com/notes/usgs-volcanoes/k%C4%ABlauea-eruption-faqs-general-questions/2026097954085422 |archive-date=May 22, 2018 |dead-url=bot: unknown |df=mdy-all }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://seismo.berkeley.edu/blog/2018/05/07/a-slow-emergency-and-a-sudden-slump.html |publisher=Berkeley Seismology Lab |title=A Slow Emergency and a Sudden Slump |date=May 7, 2018 |accessdate=May 27, 2018}} 9. ^ {{cite news |date=May 4, 2018 |url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/38087728/new-kilauea-eruption-triggers-house-fires-as-hundreds-evacuate-area |title=6.9-magnitude quake rocks Big Island as Kilauea eruption continues |publisher=Hawaii News Now |accessdate=May 4, 2018}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/hawaii-two-dead-28-injured-after-6-9-magnitude-earthquake-causes-eruption-in-kilauea-volcano-residents-flee-4456901.html|title=Hawaii: Two dead, 28 injured after 6.9-magnitude earthquake causes eruption in Kilauea volcano; residents flee – Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|access-date=May 5, 2018}} 11. ^{{short-anss|Hawaii|2018 |sub-title= "ShakeMap"|sub-url= us1000dyad#shakemap|as-of= May 4, 2018}}. 12. ^{{cite news |date=May 4, 2018 |title=Earthquakes rock Hawaii's Big Island as Kilauea volcano erupts |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hawaii-earthquake-today-5-6-magnitude-big-island-kilauea-volcano-eruption-continues-live-updates-2018-05-04/ |publisher=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=May 4, 2018}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/text.php?id=hawaii.TIBHWX.2018.05.04.2327|title=Third declaration of local information on tsunamis, Hawaii|website=PTWC|access-date=May 5, 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/about_earthquakes.html |title= About Earthquakes in Hawaii|last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher=Hawaiian Volcano Obervatory |access-date= July 30, 2018|quote=}} 15. ^{{cite web |url= http://seismo.berkeley.edu/blog/2018/05/07/a-slow-emergency-and-a-sudden-slump.html|title=A Slow Emergency and a Sudden Slump |last=Seismo Blog |first= |date=May 7, 2018 |website= |publisher= Berkeley Seismology Lab|access-date=July 30, 2018 |quote=}} 16. ^{{short-anss|Hawaii|2018|accessdate= May 4, 2018}} 17. ^{{ short-anss | Hawaii | 2018 | sub-title= Finite Fault | sub-url= us1000dyad#finite-fault | July 30, 2018 }} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/status.html |accessdate=26 September 2018 |title=Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Update |publisher=United States Geological Survey |quote=Small aftershocks from the magnitude-6.9 earthquake in early May are still being generated on faults located on Kīlauea's South Flank. |date=25 September 2018}} 19. ^{{Cite journal |last=Lay T. |last2=Ye L. |last3=Kanamori H. |last4=Satake K. |year=2018 |title=Constraining the Dip of Shallow, Shallowly Dipping Thrust Events Using Long‐Period Love Wave Radiation Patterns: Applications to the 25 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, and 4 May 2018 Hawaii Island Earthquakes |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018GL080042 |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |doi=10.1029/2018GL080042}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/lava-volcanos-eruption-destroys-homes-earthquake-rattles-hawaii/story?id=54927569|title=Lava from volcano's eruption destroys 2 homes, earthquake rattles Hawaii|last=News|first=A. B. C.|date=May 5, 2018|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=May 5, 2018}} External links
6 : 2018 earthquakes|2018 in Hawaii|Earthquakes in Hawaii|May 2018 events in the United States|May 2018 events in Oceania|2018 tsunamis |
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