“2018 Maryland flood”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

On the afternoon of May 27, 2018, after receiving over {{convert|8|in|cm}} of rain in the span of two hours, historic Main Street in Ellicott City, Maryland flooded^[2] again days before the new flood emergency alert system was to become operational.^[3]^[4] Flooding occurred throughout the Patapsco Valley in the adjacent communities of Catonsville, Arbutus, and Elkridge, as well as the Jones Falls Valley in Baltimore.^[5]

Previously, Ellicott City was submerged during the 2016 Maryland flood, an event once to considered to be an oddity that happens every one thousand years.^[6] These floods occurred only less than two years since the city was previously flooded.

The flooding gave a significant amount of damage to Ellicott City. The streets were covered in water, buildings collapsed, and cars were being swept along the submerged roads.^[7] The flooding claimed one life of a National Guardsman.

Since the floods, the state and local governments have desperately tried to pick up the pieces by signing legislations to demolish some buildings in the historic district.

History and Previous Floods

Ellicott City, Maryland was founded in 1772. Ellicott city was built just along the Patapsco River and is located about 30 minutes west of Baltimore. This town is the site of the Tiber River along with its other tributaries that connect with it.^[6] Because of this, Ellicott City is very vulnerable to severe flooding. In 1868, three casualties occurred in a flood.^[6]

There was another flood that ripped through the historic district in on July 30, 2016. The deaths of two people and the destruction of 6 buildings were the results of this event.^[7] As a result of the flood, Maryland governor Larry Hogan requested that the federal government to act in on reconstruction after he toured the recovery efforts with Howard County Executive, Allan H. Kittleman. ^[7]

Flood event

On Sunday May 27, 2018, a massive storm released nearly two months of rain, over {{convert|9.71|in|cm}} in between 3 P.M. to 5 P.M. on the Ellicott City area with temperatures around 70 degrees Fahrenheit, causing catastrophic flooding in the surrounding area, which swept away several roads, cars and brought more than {{convert|10|ft|m}} of rapidly moving water down Main Street in Old Ellicott City. These flash floods occurred because the historic district was an urban area, and the land could not contain the falling precipitation. Therefore, the streets of Ellicott City had to deal with runoff from the fallen water. A large portion of southbound Route 29 flooded several feet and heavy rains and rapidly rising water washed away portions of several roads^[8].^[9]^[10]^[11]^[4] ^[17]

Howard County officials reported at least 30 water rescues and one missing person as a result of the storm.^[12]

The National Weather Service reported rainfall totals in excess of {{convert|10|in|cm}} in several areas, with Catonsville receiving the highest at {{convert|10.38|in|cm}} and Ellicott City receiving {{convert|8.40|in|cm}}.^[13]

According to meteorologists, the storm was "likely worse" than the 2016 Maryland flood because Ellicott City received only 5 inches of rain on July 30, 2016.^[14]^[15] That is almost half of the amount in comparison with the 2018 flood.

One person was reported missing after helping a local business owner who was trapped by rising water after he was swept away by the current. Active recovery efforts were underway as of May 28th and were suspended on May 29th after his body was recovered in the Patapsco River. The missing man was identified as Sgt. Eddison A. Hermond, 39, a National Guard member and U.S. Air Force veteran.^[1]^[16]

Surrounding rivers

The Patapsco River, just southeast of Ellicott City broke a record in terms of water level because it experienced a {{convert|17|ft|m|adj=on}} increase in water.^[17]^[10]

Aftermath

Since the flood, the Howard County government have tried to come up with solutions to make sure that flash flooding in the historic district does not happen again in the future.There is a recovery website dedicated to the flood set up by the Howard County government.^[18] Howard County executive Allan H. Kittleman signed a bill meaning that 13 historic buildings will be cleared and demolished from the city. The plan is funded at 50 million dollars and will take 5 years to complete.^[19]

The plan to demolish these historic buildings cannot come without obstacles. The Historic Preservation Commission must grant authorization for Howard County to receive a permit to raze the structures. The Maryland Department of the Environment would also need to give the county permits for waterways and non-tidal wetlands. ^[19] The United States Army Corps of Engineers would also be involved in this process. The rate of approval from them is extended because the main goal is about demolishing buildings in a historic district which is placed on the National Register of Historic Places. This means that the final results of the plan could change that criteria that would fit Ellicott City on the National Register of Historic Places, so officials from the United States Army Corps of engineers would need to check if that is the case.^[19]

Howard County executive-elect Calvin Ball III is against this whole plan of demolishing the buildings from the historic district because he thinks the idea of demolishing historic buildings is wrong.^[20]

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/weather/bs-md-flood-casualty-20180529-story.html|title=National Guardsman's heroism in Ellicott City flood recalled as 'the most Eddie thing ever'|first1=Christina|last1=Tkacik|first2=Sarah|last2=Meehan|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=May 29, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/05/27/flash-flood-emergency-in-ellicott-city-md-as-thunderstorms-unload-excessive-rainfall/|title=A catastrophic flash flood event underway in Ellicott City — the second in two years|date=May 27, 2018|work=The Washington Post|first1=Jason|last1=Samenow|first2=Angela|last2=Fritz}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/columbia/ph-ho-cf-stream-gauges-ellicott-city-0524-story.html|title=High-tech flood monitoring planned for Ellicott City watershed|last=Magill|first=Kate|work=Columbia Flier|access-date=May 27, 2018|date=May 21, 2018|language=en-US}}
4. ^¹²{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/27/us/ellicott-city-maryland-flooding/index.html?no-st=1528286666|title=Flash floods again rip through Ellicott City, Maryland; 1 missing|date=May 27, 2018|first1=Emanuella|last1=Grinberg|first2=Janet|last2=DiGiacomo|work=CNN}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/weather/bs-md-ci-jones-falls-flooding-20180527-story.html|title=Flooding prompts rescues, evacuations throughout Baltimore region|first=Colin|last=Campbell|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=May 27, 2018}}
6. ^¹{{Cite book|title=American History|last=Richardson|first=Sarah|publisher=World History Group, LLC|year=2019|isbn=|location=1600 Tysons Boulevard Suite 1140, Tysons, Virginia, United States|pages=10}}
7. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://libproxy.howardcc.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.howardcc.edu/docview/1811155424?accountid=35779|title=Federal loan applications open for Ellicott City Governor announces availability for victims of last month's flood Maryland Public TV film to showcase Ellicott City Leadership Essentials offers informational events MakingChange hosts free financial workshops|last=Cox|first=Erin|date=14 August 2016|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=1 December 2018}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/us/md/oak-west/KBWI/date/2018-5-27|title=Baltimore-Washington International, MD - History|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=1 December 2018}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/flood-warning-extended-water-rescues-underway|title=FLOOD WARNING EXTENDED: Water Rescues Underway|agency=Associated Press|work=WBFF|date=May 27, 2018}}
10. ^¹²{{cite news|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/photos-catastrophic-flash-flood-strikes-ellicott-city-maryland-state-of-emergency-declared/70005059|title=Catastrophic flash flood strikes Ellicott City, Maryland; Body of missing National Guardsman found|website=AccuWeather|first=Brian|last=Lada|date=May 29, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/27/us/ellicott-city-flooding-maryland.html|title=One Missing After Flash Flooding Rages Through Community Near Baltimore|date=May 27, 2018|work=The New York Times|first1=Christopher|last1=Mele|first2=Emily|last2=Baumgaertner}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wusa9.com/article/weather/devastating-dangerous-ellicott-citys-main-street-hit-with-flooding-again/65-558994116|title=‘Devastating, dangerous’ - Ellicott City’s Main Street hit with flooding again|work=WUSA (TV)||first=Dori|last=Olmos|date=May 27, 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=201805280616-KLWX-NOUS41-PNSLWX|title=NWSChat|publisher=NOAA|website=National Weather Service|date=May 28, 2018}}
14. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.howardcc.edu/news/docview/2045916209/D7981B9BFF34497CPQ/1?accountid=35779|title=The second 1,000-year rainstorm in two years engulfed Ellicott City. Here’s how it happened.: The waterlogged weather pattern, Ellicott City's flood-prone geography and climate change all conspired to make this flash-flood horror show.|last=Halverson|first=Jeff|date=28 May 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=2 December 2018}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/weather/bs-md-weather-storm-2016-story.html|title=How does latest Ellicott City storm stack up with 2016? Meteorologists weigh in|last=Tkacik|first=Christina|date=May 28, 2018|work=The Baltimore Sun}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/man-missing-search-underway-after-massive-flooding-in-ellicott-city-md/2018/05/28/57b7ca72-627b-11e8-99d2-0d678ec08c2f_story.html|title=‘Washed away real quick’: Missing Md. man was trying to help woman trapped by flood|first1=Michael E.|last1=Miller|first2=Ian|last2=Shapira|date=May 28, 2018|work=The Washington Post}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://weather.com/safety/floods/news/2018-05-27-maryland-flooding-baltimore-ellicott-city|title=Ellicott City, Maryland, Struck by Catastrophic Flooding; 1 Missing|website=Weather.com|first1=Ada|last1=Carr|first2=Sean|last2=Breslin|date=May 29, 2018}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.howardcountymd.gov/Departments/Ellicott-City-Flood-2018|title=2018 Flood|last=|first=|date=|website=Howard County Maryland|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=3 December 2018}}
19. ^¹²{{Cite news|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/ph-ho-cf-ellicott-whatsnext-1008-story.html|title=Hurdles remain before buildings can be demolished in historic Ellicott City|last=Logan|first=Erin|date=15 October 2018|work=Howard County Times|access-date=2 December 2018}}
20. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://wjla.com/news/local/ellicott-city-undergoing-restoration-project-to-prevent-potential-flood|title=Ellicott City undergoing restoration project to prevent potential flooding|last=Gonzalez|first=John|date=26 November 2018|work=ABC|access-date=2 December 2018}}