| 词条 | 2018 Swiss referendums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Ten national referendums were held in Switzerland in 2018. Polling took place on 4 March, 10 June, 23 September and 25 November. March referendumsTwo referendums were held on 4 March. One was on a Federal Decree on the new Financial Regulation 2021, which would extend the right of the federal government to levy VAT and direct federal tax until 2035;[1] this was approved by 84% of voters. The other was the "Yes to the abolition of radio and television fees" popular initiative, which proposed abolishing the licence fee that provides the majority of funding for the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation.[1] The proposal was rejected by the Federal Assembly in 2017,[2] and by 72% of voters in the referendum. Results
June referendums{{main|Swiss sovereign-money initiative, 2018}}Two referendums were held on 10 June; one on the Sovereign Money Initiative proposal and one on the Federal Gambling Act.[3] The Sovereign Money Initiative proposal aims to give the Swiss National Bank a monopoly on money creation.[4] It was launched by the Monetary Modernisation Association, without the support of any political party.[5] The collection of signatures began on 3 June 2014,[4] and the initiative was submitted to the Federal Chancellery on 1 December 2015 with over 110,000 valid signatures, despite its technical subject and without the support of political parties or other civil society organizations.[5] The Federal Assembly recommended rejecting the initiative. Results
September referendumsThree referendums were held on 23 September. The first was aimed at requiring the federal government to consider cycle paths in the same way as footpaths and hiking trails,[6] the second would require the government to promote environmentally sound, animal-friendly and fairly produced foodstuffs,[7] and the third to focus agriculture policy on small, family farms and to promote sustainable, diverse and gene-technology-free agriculture.[8] The cycle paths initiative was approved, whilst the food and agriculture ones were rejected. Results
November referendumsThree referendums were held on 25 November. The first proposal aimed to subsidise farmers who did not dehorn their livestock.[9][10][11] The second proposal would have explicitly given the Swiss Federal Constitution precedence over international law whenever the two contradict.[12][13] The third initiative would allow insurance companies to hire their own detectives to spy on individuals suspected of abusing social welfare privileges.[14][15][16] Results
References1. ^1 [https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/abstimmungen/20180304.html Referendum of 4 March 2018] Federal Council {{Swiss elections}}2. ^[https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/public-broadcasting_parliament-rejects--no-billag--licence-fee-initiative/43548128 Parliament rejects ‘No Billag’ licence fee initiative] SWI, 26 September 2017 3. ^[https://www.admin.ch/gov/fr/accueil/documentation/communiques.msg-id-69654.html Objets de la votation populaire du 10 juin 2018] [Objects of the popular vote of 10 June 2018] Federal Chancellery of Switzerland 4. ^1 [https://www.bk.admin.ch/ch/f/pore/vi/vis453.html Initiative populaire fédérale « Pour une monnaie à l'abri des crises : émission monétaire uniquement par la Banque nationale ! (Initiative Monnaie pleine) »] Federal Chancellery of Switzerland 5. ^1 {{fr}} [https://www.larevuedurable.com/fr/economie/1195-monnaie-pleine-une-opportunite-unique-en-suisse-pour-changer-la-monnaie.html « Monnaie pleine : une opportunité unique en Suisse pour changer la monnaie »], La Revue durable, number 60 titled « Des monnaies pour une prospérité sans croissance », winter-spring 2017-2018, pages 26–29. 6. ^{{cite web | title=Direct counter-proposal to the Bike Initiative | url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/votes/20180923/bundesbeschluss-ueber-die-velowege-sowie-die-fuss--und-wanderweg.html | publisher=admin.ch | accessdate=August 23, 2018 | language=en}} 7. ^{{cite web | title=Fair Food Initiative | url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/votes/20180923/volksinitiative--fuer-gesunde-sowie-umweltfreundlich-und-fair-he.html | publisher=admin.ch | accessdate=August 23, 2018 | language=en}} 8. ^{{cite web | title=Federal Popular Initiative For food sovereignty | url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/votes/20180923/volksinitiative--fuer-ernaehrungssouveraenitaet-die-landwirtscha.html | publisher=admin.ch | accessdate=August 23, 2018 | language=en}} 9. ^{{cite web | title=Horned Cow Initiative | url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/votes/20181125/horned-cow-initiative.html | publisher=Admin.ch | accessdate=17 November 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web | last1=Vuilleumier | first1=Marie | title=Are cows happier with their horns? | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/vote-november-25--2018_are-cows-happier-with-their-horns-/44500542 | date=26 October 2018 | publisher=Swissinfo | accessdate=17 November 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web | last1=Nebehay | first1=Stephanie | title=Cows with or without horns? Swiss to vote on Sunday | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-swiss-vote-cows/cows-with-or-without-horns-swiss-to-vote-on-sunday-idUSKCN1NP1LC | date=November 20, 2018 | publisher=Reuters | accessdate=November 20, 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web | title=Self-determination Initiative | url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/votes/20181125/self-determination-initiative.html | publisher=Admin.ch | accessdate=17 November 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web | last1=Bondolfi | first1=Sibilla | title=‘Swiss law first’ initiative: what’s at stake? | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/directdemocracy/vote-november-25--2018_-swiss-law-first--initiative--what-s-at-stake-/44490464 | date=25 October 2018 | publisher=Swissinfo | accessdate=17 November 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web | title=Statutory basis for monitoring claimants | url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/votes/20181125/supervising-insurance-providers.html | publisher=Admin.ch | accessdate=17 November 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web | last1=Tognina | first1=Andrea | title=Big Brother on the doorstep? | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/vote-november-25--2018_big-brother-on-the-doorstep-/44501310 | date=27 October 2018 | publisher=Swissinfo | accessdate=17 November 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web | title=Swiss voters to decide on fate of ‘social detectives’ | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/citizen-movement_swiss-voters-to-decide-on-fate-of--social-detectives-/44238952 | date=5 July 2018 | publisher=Swissinfo | accessdate=17 November 2018}} 8 : 2018 referendums|2018 in Switzerland|Referendums in Switzerland|March 2018 events in Europe|Election and referendum articles with incomplete results|June 2018 events in Europe|September 2018 events in Europe|November 2018 events in Europe |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。