| 词条 | 2018 Washington wildfires |
| 释义 |
| title = 2018 Washington wildfires | image = File:Little Camas Fire crew.jpg | caption = Fire crew at the Little Camas Fire, July 9 | reference = | coordinates = | total_area = | total_fires = | date= June–October 2018 Statewide state of emergency: July 31, 2018[1] | buildings = | fatalities = | is_season = yes | year = 2018 | season_name = Washington wildfires }} The 2018 Washington wildfire season officially began June 1, 2018. A statewide state of emergency was declared by the Washington State Governor on July 31.[1] Training and preparednessState level planning for the fire season began at least as early as January, 2018.[2] A regional annual meeting was held at Yakima in March to prepare for fighting wildfires.[3] Summer fire rules went into effect on state-owned lands on April 15.[4] Four hundred firefighters from 36 fire districts and 18 agencies trained to fight forest fires in the Cascade Mountains above Yakima in May.[5] A 20-year Washington Wildland Fire Protection Strategic Plan under development during the first half of the year was to be released by the Department of Natural Resources to the public in July, 2018.[6] In June, three firefighting helicopters were staged in Western Washington by the Department of Natural Resources for the first time, prompted by a low 2017 fire season west of the Cascades followed by a dry month of May 2018 causing an abundance of dry fuel, and other weather considerations.[7][8] Season predictionThe season predictions issued in May cited drier than average weather conditions and low snow pack in Oregon, but in Washington conditions appeared to be near normal.[9] The water year began October 1, 2017, and by May 1, indicated normal precipitation in the state, but according to National Interagency Fire Center, models that also include Pacific-scale El Niño–Southern Oscillation effects showed high chance of below-normal precipitation and higher-than-normal temperatures through July; these factors led to a prediction of above-normal wildfire risk for the entirety of Eastern Washington through August 2018.[10] Climate scientists said in July that the Palmer Drought Severity Index showed Western Washington to be significantly drier than normal, adding to fire risk there.[12] Fires and smoke{{GeoGroup}}What may have been the first significant fire of the year occurred on April 24, when 20 acres burned at Woodland, Washington in Clark County, extinguished via aerial attack.[11] On May 22, a controlled burn went wild and burned 300 acres near the Yakima Training Center. An Army helicopter crew was credited with saving homes near Selah by dumping water.[12] The Soap Lake Fire in early June grew to {{convert|2,000|acre}} and triggered level 3 evacuations in Grant County.[13] The Ryegrass Coulee Fire on July 9–10 burned 1,600 acres, closed 20 miles of Interstate 90 in both directions for most of a day, and forced the complete evacuation of Vantage, Washington. It was the first of the state's fire season to trigger a level three evacuation or a road closure. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) released funds, saying that "the fire threatened such destruction as would constitute a major disaster".[14][15][16] The Little Camas Fire at {{coord|47.424|-120.561|type:landmark|name=Little Camas Fire }}, in the Cascades south of Leavenworth, Washington, started on July 5 and reached over 300 acres. It caused the evacuation of a bible camp. Over 440 firefighters and three helicopters were sent to contain it.[17][18] The Vulcan Mountain Fire at Vulcan Mountain in Ferry County grew to over 20 acres around July 13, before being contained.[19][20] Smoke conditions in mid July were judged as good, in contrast to the 2017 season which had Seattle blanketed in smoke and ash around the same time due to fires in British Columbia, Eastern Washington and Oregon.[21] The Rocky Reach Fire at {{coord|47.536|N|120.292|W|type:landmark|name=Rocky Reach Fire}}, near Wenatchee, started on Friday, July 13 and reached over {{convert|3386|acres}} before being contained.[22] The Boylston Fire started on July 19 again shut down I-90 east of Ellensburg for 24 hours. It burned 80,000 acres, mostly on the Yakima Training Center, caused level three "leave now" evacuations, and destroyed five buildings while being fought by three fixed-wing aircraft and two helicopters. Military personnel and equipment to fight the fire were sent from Fairchild Air Force Base in Spokane and Joint Base Lewis-McChord in the Puget Sound Area.[23][24][25] The smoke caused "unhealthy" air conditions in Spokane on July 20.[26] The Upriver Beacon Fire in Spokane County, on the Spokane city/county border at {{coord|47.694|N|117.315|W|type:landmark|name=Upriver Beacon Fire}},[27] caused the evacuation of 800 homes and evacuation warnings for thousands more on July 18. It burned {{convert|120|acres}} before being contained. Nearly all local fire agencies including cities of Spokane, Spokane Valley and Spokane County, and out-of-area fire aircraft, responded.[28] The {{vanchor|Cougar Creek Fire}} at {{coord|47.681|N|120.217|W|type:landmark|name=Cougar Creek Fire}} near Entiat started on July 28 as the result of lightning.[29] Forest recreation users were told to leave.[30] Smoke from fires in Siberia was visible over southern British Columbia in late July and was assessed to be a possible health impact to Washington residents.[31] On July 29, the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency stated the Puget Sound region would experience "moderate air quality at times with some upper level smoke making for pretty sunsets. This smoke comes from distant fires, mostly originating from Siberia."[32] On July 30, University of Washington meteorology professor Cliff Mass noted the progressively more smoky situation in Seattle from Siberian wildfires, and said a "smoke front" from California's Carr Fire would arrive before sunset.[33] Parts of Goat Rocks Wilderness were closed for the month of September in response to the Miriam Fire at {{coord|46.616|N|121.336|W|type:landmark|name=Miriam Fire}}, reported July 30 as the result of lightning.[34] 400 campers were evacuated.[35] The Milepost 90 Fire in the Columbia Gorge near Wishram, Washington started on July 31 and reached over {{convert|11000|acres}} by August 1. Level 2 and level 3 evacuation orders were issued near Wishram.[36] Almost 20 miles of State Route 14 were closed in both directions.[37] On August 3, it burned {{convert|14500|acres}} and 85% contained.[38] {{anchor|Crescent Mountain Fire}}Crescent Mountain and Gilbert Fires at {{coord|48.451|N|120.579|W|type:landmark|name=Crescent Mountain Fire}} near Twisp began with lightning on July 29 and grew quickly to over {{convert|100|acres}} by August 1, driven by evening downslope wind. Four helicopters and other equipment were assigned and smokejumpers sent in to the rough terrain. Hikers and campers were told to leave.[39] Crescent Mountain Fire increased to {{convert|7671|acres}} by August 5.[40] It was controlled as of October 22 2018 and burned a total 52,000 acres.[41]The Maple Fire at {{coord|47.581|N|123.131|W|type:landmark|name=Maple Fire}} near the Hamma Hamma River on the Olympic Peninsula sent smoke towards Seattle on August 7.[42][43] Resources{{Expand section|date=September 2017}}An infrared thermography-capable RC-26 surveillance aircraft and support crew from Washington Air National Guard were deployed in support of the National Interagency Fire Center for the third year in a row.[44] The Governor's July 31 state of emergency declaration allowed the Washington National Guard to be deployed; two Blackhawk helicopters at Fairchild Air Force Base were quickly allocated to firefighting.[45] References1. ^1 {{citation|title=Washington governor declares wildfire state of emergency – Washington Governor Jay Inslee signed an emergency proclamation Tuesday for all 39 counties for the threat of wildfire.|publisher=Associated Press|via=KGW|date=July 31, 2018|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/washington-governor-declares-wildfire-state-of-emergency/283-579164753}} 2. ^{{citation|author=Hilary Franz|title=Getting an early jump on fire season|date=February 3, 2018 |work=Ear to the Ground|type=blog|publisher=Washington State Department of Natural Resources|url=https://washingtondnr.wordpress.com/2018/02/03/getting-an-early-jump-on-fire-season/}} 3. ^{{citation|title=Spring Is In The Air, And With It The 2018 Northwest Wildfire Season|author=Emily Schwing |date=March 20, 2018|publisher=Northwest Public Broadcasting|url=https://www.nwpb.org/2018/03/20/spring-is-in-the-air-and-with-it-the-2018-northwest-wildfire-season/}} 4. ^{{citation|title=Washington's Summer Fire Rules Officially Begin Sunday|date=April 13, 2018|publisher=Washington State Department of Natural Resources|url=https://www.dnr.wa.gov/2018WaSummerFireRules}} 5. ^{{citation|title=Firefighter students prepare for upcoming wildfire season in Central Washington|author=by Khalyn King|publisher=KIMA-TV|location=Yakima|date=May 16, 2018|url=http://kimatv.com/news/local/firefighter-students-prepare-for-upcoming-wildfire-season}} 6. ^{{citation|title=DNR scientist warns of massive Western Washington fire in future|date=May 4, 2018|newspaper=The Daily News|location=Longview, Washington|author=Jackson Hogan |url=https://tdn.com/news/local/dnr-scientist-warns-of-massive-western-washington-fire-in-future/article_02d26cd5-2371-5f81-b017-8eda735bc233.html}} 7. ^{{citation|publisher=KIRO radio / MyNorthwest.com | title=There was a 'categorical shift' in Western Washington wildfire season|date=June 6, 2018|url=http://mynorthwest.com/1010019/western-washington-wildfire/}} 8. ^{{citation|title=Western Washington Could See More Wildfires This Year – Lots of grass and warmer weather could make for worsening fire seasons.|author=Aaron Kunkler|newspaper=Seattle Weekly|date=June 14, 2018|url=http://www.seattleweekly.com/news/western-washington-could-see-more-wildfires-this-year/}} 9. ^{{citation|title=Forecasters Say Oregon's Wildfire Season Could Be Record-Setting|author=Emily Schwing |date=March 21, 2018|publisher=Northwest News Network |via=Oregon Public Broadcasting|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/wildfire-forecast-oregon-washington-2018/}} 10. ^{{citation|title=Climate and Significant Fire Potential Outlook|format=Video|date=May 1, 2018|publisher=Northwest Interagency Coordination Center/National Interagency Fire Center|url=https://gacc.nifc.gov/nwcc/content/videos/Monthly_Seasonal.mp4}} 11. ^{{citation|title=Washington wildfire sparks on warmest day of the year so far|date=April 24, 2018|author=Haley Rush|publisher=KPTV|url=http://www.kptv.com/story/38034749/washington-wildfire-sparks-on-warmest-day-of-the-year-so-far}} 12. ^{{citation|title=Brush fire near Selah deemed accidental as 14 vehicles destroyed|author=Donald W. Meyers|newspaper=Yakima Herald|date= May 23, 2018 |url=https://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/brush-fire-near-selah-deemed-accidental-as-vehicles-destroyed/article_62fdab88-5e91-11e8-995c-bff39cdd59d1.html}} 13. ^{{cite news |last=Ashley |first=Morgan |date=June 12, 2018 |title=Evacuation orders in place for residents near Soap Lake for growing fire |url=http://www.nbcrightnow.com/story/38402234/evacuation-orders-in-place-for-residents-near-soap-lake-for-growing-fire |publisher=NBC 23 News |accessdate=June 12, 2018}} 14. ^{{citation|title=I-90 reopened in both directions; Vantage still evacuated after wildfire near Columbia River burns brush and grass|date=July 10, 2018|author=Jonathan Glover|newspaper=Spokesman-Review|location=Spokane |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/jul/10/i-90-closed-in-both-directions-near-columbia-river/}} 15. ^{{citation|newspaper=The Seattle Times|title=Eastern Washington brush fire prompts federal help, warns of heavy wildfire season|date=July 10, 2018 |author=Christine Clarridge |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/brush-fire-closes-both-directions-of-i-90-east-of-ellensburg/}}, updated July 11 16. ^{{citation|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|title=FEMA Provides Federal Funds to Help Fight the Ryegrass Coulee Fire|date=July 10, 2018|id=Press release NR-18-10|type=press release|url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2018/07/10/fema-provides-federal-funds-help-fight-ryegrass-coulee-fire}} 17. ^{{citation|title=Little Camas Fire|work=InciWeb|publisher=US Forest Service|url=https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/5901/|accessdate=2018-07-10}} 18. ^{{citation|title=Over 400 firefighters working to contain Little Camas Fire|author=Elena Gardner |publisher=KXLY|location=Spokane|date=July 9, 2018 |url=https://www.kxly.com/news/over-400-firefighters-working-to-contain-little-camas-fire/765580111}} 19. ^{{citation|title=Vulcan Mountain Fire burning 20 acres in Ferry County|author= Elena Gardner |publisher=KXLY|location=Spokane|date=July 13, 2018|url=https://www.kxly.com/news/vulcan-mountain-fire-burning-20-acres-in-ferry-county/767834027}} 20. ^{{citation|title=Vulcan mountain fire update|publisher=Ferry County Sheriff's Office|via=Facebook|date=July 13, 2018}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|work=Cliff Mass weather blog|date= July 12, 2018|title=Far Less Smoke over the Northwest Than Last Year|url=http://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2018/07/far-less-smoke-over-northwest-than-last.html?m=1}} 22. ^[https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/5930/ Rocky Reach Fire], US Forest Service InciWeb, accessed 2018-07-23 23. ^{{citation|title=Boylston Fire now estimated at 80,000 acres.|author= KARL HOLAPPA |newspaper=Daily Record|date=|location=Ellensburg |url=https://www.dailyrecordnews.com/news/boylston-fire-now-estimated-at-acres/article_b9fad4f3-b1c6-55c6-90cf-0ba656eabf19.html}} 24. ^{{citation |title=Wildfire closes I-90 east of Ellensburg|newspaper=The Seattle Times|date=July 20, 2018|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/wildfire-closes-i-90-east-of-ellensburg-for-second-time-this-month-westbound-lanes-reopen/}} 25. ^{{citation |publisher=KCPQ TV News|title=Eastbound I-90 near Kittitas reopens nearly 24 hours after closure due to brush fire|date=July 19, 2018|url=https://q13fox.com/2018/07/19/large-brush-fire-closes-eastbound-i-90-east-of-ellensburg/}} 26. ^{{citation |title=Wildfire burning 70,000 acres closes I-90 near Vantage; Spokane wakes up to smoky skies|date= July 20, 2018|newspaper=Spokesman-Review|location= Spokane|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/jul/20/wildfire-closes-i-90-near-vantage-spokane-wakes-up/}} 27. ^[https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/5964/ Upriver Beacon Fire], US Forest Service InciWeb, accessed 2018-07-24 28. ^{{citation|title=Nearly 800 homes evacuated as wildfire engulfs home north of Upriver Drive|date=July 18, 2018|newspaper=Spokesman-Review|location=Spokane|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/jul/17/three-alarm-fire-has-engulfed-several-homes-north-/}} 29. ^{{citation|title=Cougar Creek Fire|work=InciWeb|publisher=US Forest Service|url=https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/6053/|accessdate=2018-08-01}} 30. ^{{citation|title=Cougar Creek Fire reported 20 miles northwest of Entiat|author=Mikaila Wilkerson |date=July 29, 2018|newspaper=The Wenatchee World|url=https://www.wenatcheeworld.com/news/2018/jul/29/cougar-creek-fire-reported-20-miles-northwest-of-entiat/}} 31. ^Smoke to south, smoke to the north, smoke to the east and then some ozone, Washington smoke blog, July 25, 2018 (Washington Ecology with county, state, and Federal agencies and Indian tribes) 32. ^{{citation|publisher=Puget Sound Clean Air Agency|title=Air Quality Forecast Discussion for July 29–Aug 3|date=July 29, 2018|url=http://www.pscleanair.org/166/Forecast|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/71HgGSYvi?url=http://www.pscleanair.org/166/Forecast|archivedate=July 29, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}} 33. ^{{citation|date=July 30, 2018|title=Smoke Reaches Western Washington|author=Cliff Mass|work=Cliff Mass weather blog|url=http://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2018/07/smoke-reaches-western-washington.html}} 34. ^{{citation|title=Miriam Fire|work=InciWeb|publisher=US Forest Service|url=https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/6066/|accessdate=2018-08-01}} 35. ^{{citation|publisher=Associated Press|via=Fox News|date= August 1, 2018|title=The Latest: about 400 campers evacuate Washington wildfire| url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/08/01/latest-more-than-1000-homes-destroyed-in-blaze.amp.html}} 36. ^{{citation|title=Columbia River Gorge fire grows to 11,000 acres overnight, prompts evacuations|author=Shane Dixon Kavanaugh|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=August 1, 2018|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2018/08/columbia_river_gorge_fire_grow.html}} 37. ^{{citation|title=Traffic alerts - SR 14 Both Directions|publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation|website=Official website|url=https://www.wsdot.com/traffic/trafficalerts/printer.aspx?refnum=327636&action=2|accessdate=2018-08-01}} 38. ^{{citation|publisher=KATU-TV|title=14,500-acre Milepost 90 Fire is now 85 percent contained|date=August 3, 2018|url=https://katu.com/news/local/14500-acre-milepost-90-fire-is-now-85-percent-contained}} 39. ^{{citation|newspaper=Methow Valley News|title=Crescent and Gilbert fires expected to merge|date=August 1, 2018|author=Ann McCreary|url=http://methowvalleynews.com/2018/08/01/crescent-and-gilbert-fires-expected-to-merge/}} 40. ^{{citation|title=Crescent Mountain Fire |work=InciWeb|publisher=US Forest Service|url=https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/6093/|accessdate=2018-08-05}} 41. ^{{citation|title=Crescent Mountain Fire|work=InciWeb|publisher=US Forest Service|url=https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/6093/|accessdate=2019-03-20}} 42. ^WA keeps accumulating smoke through Thursday Washington Smoke Blog, August 7, 2018 (Department of Ecology et al.) 43. ^{{cite twitter|author=Washington State DNR |title=#WaWILDFIRE UPDATE - #MapleFire outside #HammaHamma @olympicforest is 70 acres with 5% containment.|user=waDNR_fire|number=1026635562776592384|date=August 6, 2018}} 44. ^{{citation|title=Military Reconnaissance Plane Enlisted In Northwest Wildfire Fight|author=Tom Banse |date=July 31, 2018|publisher=northwest Public Broadcasting|url=https://www.nwpb.org/2018/07/31/military-reconnaissance-plane-enlisted-in-northwest-wildfire-fight/}} 45. ^{{citation|title=Governor declares state of emergency, National Guard utilized for Washington wildfires|date=July 31, 2018|publisher=KHQ-TV|location=Spokane|url=http://www.khq.com/story/38780653/governor-declares-state-of-emergency-national-guard-utilized-for-washington-wildfires}} External links{{commons cat|2018 wildfires in Washington (state)}}
3 : 2018 in Washington (state)|2018 Washington (state) wildfires|Wildfires in Washington (state) by year |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。