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词条 "V" device
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. History

     Gold devices 

  3. Decorations eligible for the "V" device

  4. Army and Air Force

  5. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard

  6. Combined with Arabic numerals

  7. Notable recipients

  8. See also

  9. Notes

  10. References

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}{{use American English|date=February 2017}}{{Infobox military award
|name="V" device
|image="V" device, brass.png
|image_size= 106px
|caption=Bronze "V" device
|awarded_by=United States
|type=Ribbon device
|eligibility=
|for=Heroism in combat{{refn|group=N|name=Note1|From 1945 until 2 February 2017, criteria varied among the services for the award of a medal with the "V" device. While the Army awarded the "V" solely to denote "participation in acts of heroism involving conflict with an armed enemy," the Navy and Marine Corps also awarded the "V" to recognize individuals who are "exposed to personal hazard during direct participation in combat operations", and the Air Force included provisions for awarding the "V" to members who were "placed in harm's way" during contingency deployment operations.}}
|status=In use
|clasps=
|established={{start date|22 December 1945}}
|first_award=
|last_award=
|total=
|posthumous=
|recipients=
|higher=
|same=
|lower="C" device[1][2][3]
|image2=
|caption2=
}}

A "V" device is a metal {{convert|1/4|in|mm|adj=mid}} capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes an award for heroism or valor in combat instead of for meritorious service or achievement.[4]

The decorations with which a "V" may be authorized differ among the military services, as well as the manner in which the "V" is worn and the name by which it is referred to. Until 2 February 2017, the services also used different criteria in determining whether a "V" could be authorized.{{refn|group=N|name=Note1}}[5]

Etymology

The Department of Defense, Army, and Air Force refer to the "V" as the "V" Device.[6][7] The Coast Guard refers to it as the Valor Device,[8] while the Navy and Marine Corps refer to it as the Combat Distinguishing Device or Combat "V".[9]

History

On 22 December 1945, in War Department Circular 383, the United States Army decided to introduce the "V" device to distinguish the award of a Bronze Star Medal for acts of valor and heroism rather than meritorious service.[6] Soldiers, including Army airmen, who were awarded the Bronze Star Medal for heroism in combat were now authorized to wear a bronze "V" on the suspension and service ribbon of the medal. Only one "V" was allowed to be worn on a ribbon. The Department of the Navy introduced the "V" as the "Combat Distinguishing Device", and on 15 February 1946, authorized the "V" device to be worn on the Legion of Merit and Bronze Star Medal for services or acts performed in actual combat with the enemy; in February 1947, this was changed to acts or services involving direct participation in combat operations.

Most World War II veterans who were entitled to the "V" probably did not know about or apply for the device, since large scale separations from the services were taking place after the war ended. Stocks of the device also were not available for issue for at least a year since the Army circular.[6]

To be worn on a decoration, the "V" device must have been specifically authorized in the written award citation issued with the medal. In 1996, the "V" device garnered public attention after the suicide of Admiral Jeremy Boorda, who was the Chief of Naval Operations. The news media reported that his death by suicide may have been caused by a Navy investigation following a story by Newsweek about Boorda wearing two "combat valor pins" on the service ribbons of his uniform, which he received for duty as a weapons officer and executive officer aboard two naval ships off the coast of Indochina during the Vietnam War.[7] Although there were indications these "combat distinguishing devices" were authorized to be worn on his Navy Commendation Medal and Navy Achievement Medal, the Department of the Navy Board For Correction of Naval Records determined after his death that both of the devices were not authorized to be worn on the two decorations.[8]

In 2011, the Department of Defense changed its awards manual regulations concerning the Medal of Honor, specifying that the "V" device instead of the oak leaf cluster and {{frac|5|16}} inch star would be used to denote additional citations in the rare event of a service member being awarded a second MoH. By May 2015, the Department of Defense changed its awards manual again concerning the Medal of Honor, specifying that a separate MOH is presented to an individual for each succeeding act that justifies an award. There has not been a living repeat Medal of Honor recipient since the World War I era, so the "V" device was never actually worn in this fashion.

Until 2017, the criteria and conditions under which the "V" device could be awarded differed among the services. For the Army, the "V" was worn solely to denote "participation in acts of heroism involving conflict with an armed enemy".[6] For the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, the "V" could be worn to denote combat heroism, or to recognize individuals who were "exposed to personal hazard during direct participation in combat operations".[9][9] For the Air Force, the "V" could be worn on the Bronze Star Medal to denote heroism in combat, but also on the Commendation Medal and Achievement Medal to denote heroism or for being "placed in harm's way" during contingency deployment operations.

Prior to 1 January 2014, the device was also authorized on Outstanding Unit Awards and Organizational Excellence Awards to indicate the unit participated in direct combat support actions.[7] The "V" device is also authorized for the Air Medal by all the services where heroism in aerial combat was involved on an individual mission. On 15 August 2016, the Coast Guard changed their criteria such that new awards of the "V" would be for valor only, to denote a heroic act or acts while participating in conflict or combat with an armed enemy.[8] On 6 January 2016, the Department of Defense announced that it was revising its military decorations and awards program to include a "V" device change to its original 1940s use of denoting heroism in combat only on specific decorations for the military services.[2][10] Two new "C" and "R" devices will also be used on relevant awards.[2][10]

Gold devices

On 2 February 2017, new silver plated and gold plated "V" devices were introduced, followed by wreathed versions in September[4] which led to speculation that the various versions of the "V" device would now indicate how many times a specific medal was awarded with the "V" such that the silver and gold "V" device would be used to denote second and third awards with the "V" and a fourth, fifth, and sixth awarding with the "V" to be issued with a bronze, silver, and gold "V" device atop a wreath.[10]

On 21 December 2016, the "V" device ceased being authorized for Achievement Medals.[25][11] Retroactive to January 2016, the "V" device ceased being authorized for the Legion of Merit, being replaced by the "C" device.[12]

Decorations eligible for the "V" device

Currently, the following decorations of the United States Armed Forces are eligible to be awarded with a "V" device.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Decoration Army[13][23]Navy and
Marine Corps[13][24]		Air
Force[13][25]		Coast
Guard[26]		DoD
Joint Service[27][11]
Distinguished Flying Cross {{ya {{ya {{ya {{ya {{-
Bronze Star Medal {{ya {{ya {{ya {{ya {{-
Air Medal {{ya {{ya {{ya {{ya {{-
Commendation Medals {{ya {{ya {{ya {{ya {{ya

Army and Air Force

For the Army and the Air Force, the "V" is positioned to the right of any bronze or silver oak leaf clusters from the wearer's perspective, or positioned in the center of the service ribbon if worn alone.[28][29]

number=0 |type=oak |other_device=v |ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg |width=106}} Distinguished Flying Cross, awarded for valor
number=1 |type=oak |other_device=v |ribbon=Bronze Star ribbon.svg |width=106 }} Bronze Star Medal, two awards, of which at least one was for valor
number=0 |type=oak |other_device=v |ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg |width=106 }} Air Medal (Army), three awards, of which at least one was for valor (Army uses bronze award numerals)
number=2 |type=oak |other_device=v |ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg |width=106 }} Air Medal (Air Force), three awards, of which at least one was for valor (Air Force uses oak leaf clusters)
number=3 |type=oak |other_device=v |ribbon=Air Force Commendation ribbon.svg |width=106 }} Air Force Commendation Medal, four awards, of which at least one was for valor

Only 4 devices may be worn per ribbon; an additional ribbon is worn to the wearer's left when necessary to support additional devices:[28][29]

number=7|type=oak |other_device=v |ribbon=Army Commendation Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak |ribbon=Army Commendation Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}Army Commendation Medal, nine awards, of which at least one was for valor
number=7|type=oak |other_device=v |ribbon=Army Commendation Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak |ribbon=Army Commendation Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}Army Commendation Medal, ten awards, of which at least one was for valor

Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard

For the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, the "V" is always worn in the center of the service ribbon, while any gold or silver {{Frac|5|16}} Inch Stars are added in balance to the right and left of the "V" starting with the right side from the wearer's perspective.[30][31][32] The Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard continue to award and issue the bronze version. The Marine Corps allows anodized medals and anodized Combat "V"s to be worn on the dress blues uniform.

number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}}Distinguished Flying Cross, awarded for valor
Bronze Star Medal, two awards, of which at least one was for valor
number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}Air Medal, three awards, of which at least one was for valor (The gold award numeral 3 on the left denotes three individual awards of the Air Medal (only for Navy and Marine Corps))
number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}Air Medal, three awards, of which at least one was for valor (Coast Guard uses award stars)
Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal, eight awards, of which at least one was for valor
{{Nowrap>}}{{nowrap|}}Coast Guard Commendation Medal, five awards, of which at least one was for valor

Combined with Arabic numerals

Golden or brass Arabic numerals may be used to indicate the total number of times the medal was awarded if the total number of devices, of any types, exceed 4 total devices and would thus not fit on a single ribbon.[33]

number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Joint Service Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}Total of four awards, of which at least one was for valor
number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Joint Service Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}Total of five awards, of which at least one was for valor
number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Joint Service Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}Total of six awards, of which at least one was for valor

Notable recipients

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • William B. Caldwell III
  • Duane Carey
  • Calvin Graham
  • Llewellyn Chilson
  • Ray Davis
  • Desmond Doss
  • Michael Fahey
  • Tommy Franks
  • William J. Gainey
  • Joseph L. Galloway
  • Bill Genaust
  • William Guarnere
  • David H. Hackworth
  • Michael Hagee
  • Alexander Haig
  • Ira Hayes
  • Joseph P. Hoar
  • Charles T. Horner Jr.
  • Robert L. Howard
  • Richard Jadick
  • Woodrow Keeble
  • John Kerry
  • Harry Kizirian
  • Charles C. Krulak
  • Chris Kyle
  • Douglas MacArthur
  • Richard Marcinko
  • John McCain
  • Michael A. Monsoor
  • Robert Mueller
  • Audie Murphy
  • Raymond L. Murray
  • John P. Murtha
  • Peter Pace
  • David Petraeus
  • Chance Phelps
  • Chesty Puller
  • Charles B. Rangel
  • L. Scott Rice
  • Matthew Ridgway
  • John Ripley
  • Norman Schwarzkopf
  • Sidney Shachnow
  • Hugh Shelton
  • Jamie Smith
  • Robert L. Stewart
  • Jeff Struecker
  • Oliver Stone
  • Strom Thurmond
  • Matt Urban
  • Alejandro Villanueva
  • Allen West
  • Chuck Yeager
  • Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr.
{{div col end}}

See also

{{Portal|War}}
  • Awards and decorations of the United States military
  • United States military award devices

Notes

1. ^{{Cite web|title=DoD Military Decorations and Awards Review Results (1-36)|url=http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Military-Decorations-and-Awards-Review-Results.pdf|accessdate=10 January 2016}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/News-Article-View/Article/641860/pentagon-announces-changes-to-military-decorations-and-awards-program |title=Pentagon Announces Changes to Military Decorations and Awards Program |last=Ferdinando |first=Lisa |date=7 January 2016 |website=DoD News |publisher=U.S. Department of Defense}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=DOD MANUAL 1348.33, VOLUME 4 MANUAL OF MILITARY DECORATIONS AND AWARDS: DOD JOINT DECORATIONS AND AWARDS|url=http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134833v4_dodm_2016.pdf|publisher=United States Department of Defense|accessdate=25 February 2017|page=39|date=21 December 2016}}
4. ^1 {{Cite web |agency= Defense Logistics Agency |publisher=Defense Logistics Agency |date=2 February 2017 |work= MIL-DTL-41819/3J|title=Ribbon Attachment, Letter 'V' |url= http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=23234}}
5. ^{{cite web|last=Burgess|first=Lisa|date=26 October 2006|title=Pentagon reviewing ‘V’ device for consistency|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/pentagon-reviewing-v-device-for-consistency-1.55945|publisher=Stars and Stripes|accessdate=28 April 2014}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.omsa.org/files/jomsa_arch/Splits/1991/13357_JOMSA_Vol42_7_31.pdf|title=The "V" Device|publisher=}}
7. ^Newsweek, "Beneath the Waves", 5/26/96
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://boards.law.af.mil/NAVY/BCNR/CY1998/06956-98.pdf|title=Board for Correction of Naval Records|publisher=}}
9. ^{{cite web |title=Department of Defense Manual 1348.33, Volume 3 |url=http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134833vol3.pdf |publisher=Defense Technical Information Center |accessdate=16 October 2012 |page=53 |date=23 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DuEDoN9w?url=http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134833vol3.pdf |archivedate=24 January 2013 |df= }}
10. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url= http://blog.medalsofamerica.com/5743-2/ |title= New V, C and R devices |date= 16 March 2016 |last=Dizzle |first=Kirk |work= DD214 Blog |publisher= Medals of America |accessdate= 25 February 2017}}
11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134833_dodi_2016.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427120106/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134833_dodi_2016.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=27 April 2017|work=DoD Instruction 1348.33: DoD Military Decorations and Awards Program|access-date=27 April 2017|publisher=Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness|date=21 December 2016|first1=Peter|last1=Levine|page=13|title=Section 3: Award Requirements and Restrictions|quote=Includes Army Achievement Medal, Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, and Air Force Achievement Medal.}}
12. ^{{cite news |last=deGrandpre |first=Andrew |last2=Panzino |first2=Charlsy |date=30 March 2017 |title=12 military awards now eligible for new 'C' and 'R' devices, and 2 no longer rate a 'V' |url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2017/03/30/12-military-awards-now-eligible-for-new-c-and-r-devices-and-2-no-longer-rate-a-v/ |work=Military Times |location=Virginia |access-date=17 March 2018 }}
{{cite news |last=Dickstein |first=Corey |date=31 March 2017 |title=Pentagon implements 'C' and 'R' awards devices, removes 'V' from 2 awards |url=https://www.stripes.com/news/pentagon-implements-c-and-r-awards-devices-removes-v-from-2-awards-1.461526 |work=Stars and Stripes |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=17 March 2018 }}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=https://www.stripes.com/news/pentagon-implements-c-and-r-awards-devices-removes-v-from-2-awards-1.461526|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101192614/https://www.stripes.com/news/pentagon-implements-c-and-r-awards-devices-removes-v-from-2-awards-1.461526|dead-url=yes|archive-date=1 January 2018|title=Pentagon implements 'C' and 'R' awards devices, removes 'V' from 2 awards|publisher=Stars and Stripes|access-date=1 January 2018|first=Corey|last=Dickstein|work=Stars and Stripes|date=31 March 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/184881/new_combat_related_devices_authorized_for_decorations|title=New combat-related devices authorized for decorations|publisher=|access-date=1 January 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2017/03/30/12-military-awards-now-eligible-for-new-c-and-r-devices-and-2-no-longer-rate-a-v/|title=12 military awards now eligible for new 'C' and 'R' devices, and 2 no longer rate a 'V'|first=Andrew deGrandpre, Charlsy|last=Panzino|date=8 August 2017|publisher=|access-date=1 January 2018}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2017/04/09/soldiers-may-be-eligible-for-the-new-c-or-r-devices-on-12-awards-here-s-how-to-apply/|title=Soldiers may be eligible for the new 'C' or 'R' devices on 12 awards. Here's how to apply.|first=Charlsy|last=Panzino|date=7 August 2017|publisher=|access-date=1 January 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hrc.army.mil/content/C%20and%20R%20devices|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20180101193416/https://www.hrc.army.mil/content/C%20and%20R%20devices|deadurl=yes|title=HRC Homepage|date=1 January 2018|archivedate=1 January 2018|publisher=}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1226132/af-releases-criteria-for-new-valor-v-combat-c-and-remote-r-devices/|title=AF releases criteria for new valor "V", combat "C" and remote "R" devi|publisher=|access-date=1 January 2018}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arpc.afrc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1316685/award-devices-valor-v-combat-c-and-remote-r/|title=Award Devices - Valor "V," Combat "C" and Remote "R"|publisher=|access-date=1 January 2018}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.armywtfmoments.com/2017/03/army-announces-c-and-r-devices/|title=Army announces "C" and "R" medal devices because everybody needs a trophy - U.S Army WTF Moments!|first=|last=T6|website=www.armywtfmoments.com}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/09/05/sailors-marines-now-eligible-new-award-devices.html|title=Sailors, Marines Now Eligible for New Award Devices|publisher=|access-date=1 January 2018}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2017/06/25/air-force-releases-awards-criteria-for-new-c-and-r-devices/|title=Air Force releases awards criteria for new 'C' and 'R' devices|first=Charlsy|last=Panzino|date=7 August 2017|publisher=|access-date=1 January 2018}}
23. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r600_8_22.pdf |title=Army Regulation 600–8–22 Military Awards |publisher=United States Army |date=24 June 2013 |accessdate=6 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722181345/http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r600_8_22.pdf |archivedate=22 July 2011 |df= }}
24. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://awards.navy.mil/awards/webdoc01.nsf/7F58DF7CC7E11070852571F60065650B/$File/1650.1h.pdf|title=SECNAVINST 1650.1H|publisher=|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033028/https://awards.navy.mil/awards/webdoc01.nsf/7F58DF7CC7E11070852571F60065650B/$File/1650.1H.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2013|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
25. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/afi36-2803/afi36-2803_.pdf|title=AFI 36-2803 Air Force Military Awards and Decorations Program|page=218|date=18 December 2013|accessdate=6 May 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304144752/http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/afi36-2803/afi36-2803_.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}
26. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://media.defense.gov/2017/Mar/29/2001723556/-1/-1/0/CIM_1650_25E.PDF|title=COMDTINST M1650.25E Medals and Awards Manual|pages=1–23|date=15 August 2016|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=DOD MANUAL 1348.33, VOLUME 4 MANUAL OF MILITARY DECORATIONS AND AWARDS: DOD JOINT DECORATIONS AND AWARDS|url=http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134833v4_dodm_2016.pdf|publisher=United States Department of Defense|accessdate=15 March 2017|page=23&27|date=21 December 2016}}
28. ^1 {{cite web|title=Department of the Army Pamphlet 670–1 Uniform and Insignia Guide to the Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia |url=http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/p670_1.pdf |publisher=United States Department of the Army |accessdate=2018-09-09 |at=§20–11; p. 253; PDF p. 271 |date=25 May 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506235717/http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/p670_1.pdf |archivedate=6 May 2014 |df=dmy }}
29. ^1 {{cite web|title=AFI 36-2903 Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel|url=http://www.afpc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-130509-049.pdf|publisher=United States Department of the Air Force|accessdate=2018-09-09 |at=§11.7; pp. 155–158; PDF pp. 157–160 |date=18 July 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007152531/http://www.afpc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-130509-049.pdf|archivedate=7 October 2013|df=dmy }}
30. ^{{cite web|title=CHAPTER FIVE IDENTIFICATION BADGES/AWARDS/INSIGNIA |url=http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmcp/EduTrain/GMDE/Documents/Chapter5.pdf |work=United States Navy Uniform Regulations |publisher=United States Navy, Bureau of Personnel |accessdate=6 May 2014 |pages=5–48 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127094811/http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmcp/EduTrain/GMDE/Documents/Chapter5.pdf |archivedate=27 November 2014 |df= }}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Uniform Regulations COMDTINST M1020.6G|url=http://www.uscg.mil/uniform/docs/CIM_M1020_6G.pdf|publisher=United States Coast Guard|accessdate=6 May 2014|pages=3-100, 3-104|date=March 2012}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/support/uniforms/uniformregulations/chapter5/Pages/5301.aspx|work=Navy Personnel Command > Support & Services > US Navy Uniforms > Uniform Regulations > Chapter 5 > 5301 - 5319 Awards|accessdate=25 February 2017|date=January 2015|title=5. Bronze Letter "V" (Combat Distinguishing Device)|quote=The bronze letter "V" may be worn on the following ribbons if the citation specifically authorizes the "V" for valor (heroism): Decorations awarded prior to 1974: Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, Joint Service Commendation Medal, Navy Commendation Medal and Navy Achievement Medal. Decorations awarded after 1974: Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star Medal, Air Medal, Joint Service Commendation Medal, and Navy Commendation Medal. Wear only one "V". Arrange gold, bronze or silver stars, or the oak leaf cluster indicating subsequent awards of the medal (except Air Medal <(see article 5319.7)>, in a horizontal line beside the "V" symmetrically in the center of the suspension ribbons of large and miniature medals (position as detailed below). Arrange them in a horizontal line on the ribbon bar with the "V" in the center and the first star to the wearer's right, the second to the wearer's left, and so on.}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=DOD MANUAL 1348.33, VOLUME 4 MANUAL OF MILITARY DECORATIONS AND AWARDS: DOD JOINT DECORATIONS AND AWARDS|url=http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134833v4_dodm_2016.pdf|publisher=United States Department of Defense|accessdate=3 March 2017|page=39|date=21 December 2016}}

References

{{reflist|30em}}{{US interservice decorations}}{{DEFAULTSORT:V Device}}

2 : Devices and accouterments of United States military awards|1945 establishments in the United States
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