| 词条 | 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses will be a series of electoral contests organized by the Democratic Party to select at least 3,768 delegates to the Democratic National Convention (number is subject to change as possible bonus delegates and penalties are not yet included) and determine the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.[1] The elections will take place within all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. An extra 764 unpledged delegates or superdelegates, including party leaders and elected officials, (number is subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions or selection as a pledged candidate) will be appointed by the party leadership independently of the primary's electoral process. The convention will also approve the party's platform and vice-presidential nominee. Following the 2016 presidential elections, significant changes were proposed that would change the number and role of superdelegates in the nomination process.[2] Changes were enacted on August 25, 2018, which would allow superdelegates to vote on the first ballot at a convention only if it were uncontested.[3] BackgroundAfter Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, the Democratic Party was seen as not having a clear leader.[4] There remained divisions in the party following the 2016 primaries which pitted Clinton against Bernie Sanders.[5][6] Between the 2016 election and the 2018 midterm elections, Senate Democrats have generally shifted to the political left in relation to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration.[7][8] Soon after the 2016 general election, the division between Clinton and Sanders supporters was highlighted in the 2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election between Tom Perez and Keith Ellison.[9] Perez was elected Chairman and appointed Ellison as the Deputy Chair, a largely ceremonial role.[7][8] Several candidates began releasing serious policy proposals early in 2019 resulting in the "invisible primary" being more visible than in previous elections. Reforms since 2016{{see also|Superdelegate#DNC Unity Reform Commission and superdelegate reform, 2016–2018}}On August 25, 2018, DNC members passed reforms to the Democratic Party's primary process in order to increase participation[10] and ensure transparency.[11] The reforms mandate that superdelegates refrain from voting on the first presidential nominating ballot unless a candidate has enough votes from pledged delegates (based on the outcomes of primaries and caucuses) that superdelegates wouldn’t overturn the will of the people. This does not preclude superdelegates from endorsing a candidate of their choosing. Caucuses are required to have absentee voting or to otherwise allow those who cannot participate in person to join in. State parties are encouraged to use a government-run primary and increase primaries' accessibility, including through same-day or automatic registration and same-day party switching.[10] CandidatesDeclared candidates and exploratory committeesIn addition to having announced that they are running for president in 2020 or having formed exploratory committees for the 2020 presidential election, the candidates in this section have either: (a) held public office; or (b) been included in a minimum of five independent national polls; or (c) received substantial media coverage.[12][13][14][15][16][17] {{legend|lavender|Formed exploratory committee but has not officially declared candidacy}}
Including 17 of the candidates listed above (Tim Ryan has not yet filed), 224 individuals have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president in the Democratic Party primary, as of April 5, 2019.[53] Additional candidates who have filed with the FEC include the following notable persons:
Individuals who have scheduled a formal announcement
Withdrawn candidatesThe candidates in this section have withdrawn or suspended their campaigns.
Individuals who have publicly expressed interestIndividuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months, as of April 2019. Some have formed leadership PACs that function as campaign committees.[61]
Declined to be candidatesThese individuals have been the subject of speculation, but have publicly denied interest in running for president. {{div col}}
DebatesOn December 20, 2018, Tom Perez, the chairman for the Democratic National Committee, announced the preliminary schedule for a series of official debates, set to begin in June 2019.[173] In order to qualify for the first two debates, debate entrants must either attain 1% in three polls (conducted by unique organizations if within the same region; i.e., without double-counting) — at the national level or the first four primary states (Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina) — or by meeting a fundraising threshold, in which a candidate must receive donations from 65,000 unique donors, with at least 200 unique donors per state in at least 20 states.[174] The polling threshold will be determined using polls published after January 1, 2019 up until two weeks before the scheduled debate, among polls commissioned or conducted by a limited set of organizations: the Associated Press, ABC News, CBS News, CNN, The Des Moines Register, Fox News, the Las Vegas Review-Journal, Monmouth University, NBC News, The New York Times, National Public Radio, Quinnipiac University, Reuters, the University of New Hampshire, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Winthrop University.[175] Candidates who wish to qualify using the fundraising threshold must present evidence to the DNC of their eligibility using donor data collected by ActBlue or NGP VAN.[175] Should more than 20 candidates meet these criteria, the 20 debate entrants will be winnowed with "a methodology that gives primacy to candidates meeting both thresholds, followed by the highest polling average, followed by the most unique donors."[175] On March 6, 2019, the Democratic National Committee announced that it would not partner with Fox News for any debates.[176] Fox News had last held a Democratic debate in 2003.[177]
ForumsIn addition to the party-sponsored debates, several private organizations will host forums focusing on select issues and candidates.
TimelineOverview
ImageSize = width:875 height:auto barincrement:24 PlotArea = top:19 bottom:20 right:20 left:20 AlignBars = early Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.9) id:lightline value:gray(0.8) id:darkline value:gray(0.3) id:Active value:BrightBlue # Active campaign id:Planning value:Yellow # Exploratory committee id:Withdrawn value:rgb(0.69,0.77,0.87) # Withdrawn candidate
Define $today = {{#time:m/d/Y}} DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:07/01/2017 till:09/01/2020 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:month increment:1 start:07/01/2017 ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkline unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/2018 Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = bar:Booker bar:Buttigieg bar:Castro bar:Delaney bar:Gabbard bar:Gillibrand bar:Gravel bar:Harris bar:Hickenlooper bar:Inslee bar:Klobuchar bar:Messam bar:O'Rourke bar:Ryan bar:Sanders bar:Warren bar:Williamson bar:Yang bar:Ojeda PlotData= width:15 fontsize:M textcolor:Black anchor:till shift:(18,-4) bar:Booker from:02/01/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Booker" bar:Buttigieg from:01/23/2019 till:$today color:Planning text:"Buttigieg" bar:Castro from:12/12/2018 till:01/12/2019 color:Planning bar:Castro from:01/12/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Castro" bar:Delaney from:07/28/2017 till:$today color:Active text:"Delaney" bar:Gabbard from:01/11/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Gabbard" bar:Gillibrand from:01/15/2019 till:03/17/2019 color:Planning bar:Gillibrand from:03/17/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Gillibrand" bar:Gravel from:03/19/2019 till:$today color:Planning text:"Gravel" bar:Harris from:01/21/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Harris" bar:Hickenlooper from:03/04/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Hickenlooper" bar:Inslee from:03/01/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Inslee" bar:Klobuchar from:02/10/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Klobuchar" bar:Messam from:03/13/2019 till:03/28/2019 color:Planning bar:Messam from:03/28/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Messam" bar:O'Rourke from:03/14/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"O'Rourke" bar:Ryan from:04/04/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Ryan" bar:Sanders from:02/19/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Sanders" bar:Warren from:12/31/2018 till:02/09/2019 color:Planning bar:Warren from:02/09/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Warren" bar:Williamson from:11/15/2018 till:01/28/2019 color:Planning bar:Williamson from:01/28/2019 till:$today color:Active text:"Williamson" bar:Yang from:11/06/2017 till:$today color:Active text:"Yang" bar:Ojeda from:11/11/2018 till:01/25/2019 color:Withdrawn text:"Ojeda" LineData= layer:front at:11/06/2018 width:1 color:purple layer:front at:02/03/2020 width:1 color:teal layer:front at:03/03/2020 width:1 color:orange layer:front at:07/13/2020 width:1 color:darkblue }} 2017
2018
2019
2020The following anticipated primary and caucus dates are subject to change depending on legislation passed before the scheduled primary dates.[214]
National conventionThe 2020 Democratic National Convention is scheduled to take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 13–16, 2020.[217][218][219] In addition to Milwaukee, the DNC also considered bids from three other cities: Houston, Texas;[220] Miami Beach, Florida[221] (hosted the 1972 convention); and Denver, Colorado. Denver, though, was immediately withdrawn from consideration by representatives for the city, citing scheduling conflicts.[222] Endorsements{{main|Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}Primary election polling{{main|Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}See also
Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^{{cite web |title=The Green Papers |url=https://www.thegreenpapers.com/P20/D |accessdate=March 6, 2019}} {{-}}{{2020 United States presidential election}}{{U.S. presidential primaries}}{{DEFAULTSORT:2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}2. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/03/10/dnc-advances-changes-presidential-nominating-process/413876002/|title=DNC advances changes to presidential nominating process|work=USA TODAY|access-date=August 11, 2018}} 3. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/08/25/superdelegates-democrats-presidential-nominee-796151 |title=Democrats strip superdelegates of power in picking presidential nominee |work=Politico |accessdate=August 25, 2018 |date=August 25, 2018 |first1=David |last1=Siders |first2=Natasha |last2=Korecki}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/324903-for-democrats-no-clear-leader|title=For Democrats, no clear leader|last=Easley|first=Jonathan|date=March 31, 2017|work=The Hill|accessdate=January 28, 2018}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://newrepublic.com/minutes/142419/2020-democratic-primary-going-all-out-brawl-party-needs|title=The 2020 Democratic primary is going to be the all-out brawl the party needs.|last=Vyse|first=Graham|date=April 28, 2017|work=The New Republic|accessdate=January 28, 2018}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/opinion/clinton-sanders-democratic-party.html|title=The Struggle Between Clinton and Sanders Is Not Over|last=Edsall|first=Thomas B.|date=September 7, 2017|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=March 25, 2018}} 7. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/30/2020-liberal-democrats-trump-opponent-319239|title=Dem senators fight to out-liberal one another ahead of 2020|last=Schor|first=Elana|date=December 30, 2017|work=Politico|accessdate=January 23, 2018}} 8. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/29/kristen-gillibrand-bill-de-blasio-echo-progresive-calls-abolish-ice/746694002/|title=New York's Kirsten Gillibrand, Bill de Blasio echo progressive calls to 'abolish ICE'|last1=Miller|first1=Ryan W.|date=June 29, 2018|work=USA Today|accessdate=July 4, 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/feb/27/democratic-national-committee-election-tom-perez-keith-ellison|title=After the divisive Democratic National Committee chair election, what's next?|last1=Abramson|first1=Jill|date=February 27, 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=March 23, 2018|last2=Aronoff|first2=Kate|last3=Camacho|first3=Daniel José}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://democrats.org/press/dnc-passes-historic-reforms-to-the-presidential-nominating-process/ |title=DNC Passes Historic Reforms to the Presidential Nominating Process |author= |date=August 25, 2018 |website=Democrats.org |publisher=Democratic Party |access-date=March 19, 2019}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://democrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/URC_Report_FINAL.pdf#page=3 |title=Report of the Unity Reform Commission |last1=O’Malley Dillon |first1=Jen |last2=Cohen |first2=Larry |date=October 2018 |website=Democrats.org |publisher=Democratic Party |access-date=March 19, 2019}} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Burns|first1=Alexander|last2=Flegenheimer|first2=Matt|last3=Lee|first3=Jasmine C.|last4=Lerer|first4=Lisa|last5=Martin|first5=Jonathan|title=Who’s Running for President in 2020?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/politics/2020-presidential-candidates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 21, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2019}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Scherer|first1=Michael|last2=Uhrmacher|first2=Kevin|last3=Schaul|first3=Kevin|title=Who is hoping to challenge Trump for president in 2020?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/politics/2020-presidential-hopefuls/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 14, 2018|accessdate=March 10, 2019}} 14. ^{{cite news|last1=Krishnakumar|first1=Priya|last2=Hook|first2=Janet|title=Who’s running for president and who’s not|url=https://www.latimes.com/projects/la-na-pol-2020-presidential-candidates/|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=January 13, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2019}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Klahr|first1=Renee|last2=Sadiq|first2=Alena|last3=Montanaro|first3=Domenico|last4=Hurt|first4=Alyson|title=Which Democrats Are Running In 2020 — And Which Still Might|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/31/689980506/which-democrats-are-running-in-2020-and-which-still-might|publisher=NPR|date=January 31, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2019}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=de Vries|first1=Karl|last2=Kelly|first2=Caroline|title=Here are the Democrats who have said they're running for president|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/21/politics/2020-democrats-running-for-president/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=January 21, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2019}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=2020 presidential election: Track which candidates are running|url=https://www.axios.com/2020-presidential-election-candidates-announce-running-15472039-9bf49de4-351a-46b3-bdde-b980947b21ea.html|publisher=Axios|date=January 11, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2019}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/570/201902019145450570/201902019145450570.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|url= https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/01/cory-booker-2020-announcement-1140797|title= Cory Booker launches bid for president|last=Korecki|first=Natasha|date=February 1, 2019|work=Politico|language=en-US|access-date=February 1, 2019}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/P00010298/1317598/|title=FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1317598|website=docquery.fec.gov}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/beta-story-container/Politics/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-announces-presidential-exploratory/story?id=60543998|title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg launches presidential exploratory committee, could be nation's first openly gay nominee|last=Verhovek|first=John|date=January 23, 2019|work=ABC News|access-date=January 23, 2019}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/689/201901239143928689/201901239143928689.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/c8cca001bcbf427189cace7af1de6722|title=Former Obama housing chief Julian Castro joins 2020 campaign|last=J. Weber|first=Paul|date=January 12, 2019|agency=Associated Press|language=en-US|access-date=January 12, 2019}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/092/201708109070314092/201708109070314092.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 25. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/john-delaney-why-im-running-for-president/2017/07/28/02460ae4-73b7-11e7-8f39-eeb7d3a2d304_story.html|title=John Delaney: Why I'm running for president|date=July 28, 2017|first=John|last=Delaney|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 28, 2017}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/762/201901119143806762/201901119143806762.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 27. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/11/politics/tulsi-gabbard-van-jones/index.html|title=Tulsi Gabbard says she will run for president in 2020|last1=Kelly|first1=Caroline|accessdate=January 11, 2019|date=January 12, 2019|work=CNN}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/063/201903179145713063/201903179145713063.pdf|title=Statement of Candidacy|date=2019|website=docquery.fec.gov|format=PDF}} 29. ^{{cite web |last1=Stracqualursi |first1=Veronica |title=Kirsten Gillibrand officially jumps into 2020 race, teases speech at Trump hotel in New York |url=https://us.cnn.com/2019/03/17/politics/kirsten-gillibrand-presidential-campaign-2020/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=March 17, 2019 |language=en}} 30. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/512/201904029145981512/201904029145981512.pdf|title=Statement of Candidacy|date=2019|website=docquery.fec.gov|format=PDF}} 31. ^{{cite tweet|last=Gravel|first=Mike|user=MikeGravel|number=1113213097513295872|date=April 2, 2019|title=It. Is. On. Sen. Mike Gravel has officially filed to run for president. Our only aim is pushing the field left by appearing in the Democratic debates. Donate as little as you like, but help us get to the necessary 65k donors! Official launch is April 8.|access-date=April 3, 2019}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/104/201901219143894104/201901219143894104.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 33. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/beta-story-container/Politics/sen-kamala-harris-announces-run-president-2020/story?id=60472358|title=Sen. Kamala Harris announces she will run for president in 2020|date=January 21, 2019|first=Adam|last=Kelsey|work=ABC News}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/313/201903049145600313/201903049145600313.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 35. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Kelsey |first1=Adam |title=Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper, touting diverse background, joins 2020 presidential field |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/colorado-gov-john-hickenlooper-touting-diverse-background-joins/story?id=61416924|website=ABC News |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |language=en}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/504/201903019145597504/201903019145597504.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 37. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/01/politics/inslee-2020-presidential-campaign/index.html|title=Washington Gov. Jay Inslee announces 2020 presidential bid|author=Dan Merica|date=March 1, 2019|website=CNN|access-date=March 3, 2019}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/419/201902119145496419/201902119145496419.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 39. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/10/18136170/amy-klobuchar-running-president-announcement |title=Sen. Amy Klobuchar has won every one of her elections by huge margins. Now she’s running for president|date=February 10, 2019 |first=Tara |last=Golshan |publisher=Vox}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/P00010827/1319531/|title=FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1319531|website=docquery.fec.gov}} 41. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Merica|first1=Dan|title=Florida Mayor Wayne Messam announces 2020 presidential bid|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/28/politics/wayne-messam-announces-2020-bid/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=March 28, 2019|accessdate=March 28, 2019}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/061/201903149145704061/201903149145704061.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 43. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Santiago |first2=Leyla |title=Beto O'Rourke announces he's running for president in 2020 |url=https://us.cnn.com/2019/03/14/politics/beto-orourke-announces-2020-campaign/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=March 14, 2019}} 44. ^{{cite web |last1=Vitali |first1=Ali |title=Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan throws his name into growing 2020 field |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/ohio-rep-tim-ryan-throws-his-name-growing-2020-field-n990841 |website=NBC News |accessdate=April 4, 2019 |date=April 4, 2019}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/558/201902199145527558/201902199145527558.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 46. ^{{cite web |last1=News |first1=V. P. R. |title=He's In For 2020: Bernie Sanders Is Running For President Again |url=https://www.vpr.org/post/hes-2020-bernie-sanders-running-president-again?fbclid=IwAR1oTDfYFEiD552MT2tRPm_NlYH6B1HvWjdwBoqOG-hxu8uqyH4Hi3X8AtY#stream/0 |website=Vermont Public Radio |accessdate=February 19, 2019 |language=en}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/256/201902130300267256/201902130300267256.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 48. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/feb/09/senator-elizabeth-warren-democrat-2020-presidential-campaign |work=The Guardian |first1=Tom |last1=McCarthy |date=February 9, 2019 |title=Senator Elizabeth Warren officially launches 2020 presidential campaign|accessdate=February 9, 2019}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/260/201902050300265260/201902050300265260.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 50. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/margiewarrell/2019/01/29/marianne-williamson-can-love-transcend-fear/#3d1050ea141b|title=Marianne Williamson: Can A Presidential Bid Fueled By Love Transcend The Politics Of Fear?|last=Warrell|first=Margie|date=January 29, 2019|work=Forbes|accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/624/201711069086611624/201711069086611624.pdf |title=Statement of Candidacy |date=2019 |website=docquery.fec.gov |format=PDF}} 52. ^{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/10/technology/his-2020-campaign-message-the-robots-are-coming.html|title= His 2020 Campaign Message: The Robots Are Coming |last=Roose|first=Kevin|date=January 10, 2018|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2018}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidates/?election_year=2019&election_year=2020&office=P&party=DEM|title=Candidates|work=Federal Election Commission}} 54. ^{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/420945-swalwell-i-do-see-a-path-to-democratic-nomination-in-2020|title=Swalwell: I 'do see a path' to 2020 Democratic nomination|last1=Axelrod|first1=Tal|date=December 12, 2018|accessdate=December 26, 2018|website=The Hill}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/12/eric-swalwell-iowa-2020-presidential-bid-1164559|title=Eric Swalwell leans on Iowa as he eyes 2020 bid|author=Carla Marinucci and Natasha Korecki|date=February 12, 2019|work=Politico|accessdate=February 14, 2019}} 56. ^{{cite web|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/02/13/eric-swalwell-potential-2020-run-im-ready-to-do-this/|title=Swalwell On Potential 2020 Run: ‘I’m Ready To Do This’|date=February 13, 2019|work=KPIX-TV|accessdate=February 14, 2019}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/04/eric-swalwell-2020-presidential-run-gun-control|title=Congressman Eric Swalwell set to run for president on gun control – report|author=David Smith|date=April 4, 2019|work=The Guardian|accessdate=April 7, 2019}} 58. ^{{Cite tweet|user=ericswalwell |date=April 6, 2019|number=1114680439837536256|title=Looking forward to joining @StephenAtHome @colbertlateshow on Monday night! Tune in!}} 59. ^{{cite news|url=https://theintercept.com/2018/11/11/richard-ojeda-2020-president/|title=RICHARD OJEDA, WEST VIRGINIA LAWMAKER WHO BACKED TEACHERS STRIKES, WILL RUN FOR PRESIDENT|last=Grim|first=Ryan|date=November 11, 2018|work=The Intercept|accessdate=December 17, 2018}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/01/25/richard-ojeda-president-drops-out/|title=Richard Ojeda Drops Out of Presidential Race|last=Grim|first=Ryan|date=January 25, 2019|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=January 25, 2019}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/registering-pac/types-nonconnected-pacs/|title=Types of nonconnected PACs|website=FEC.gov|accessdate=January 2, 2019}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/03/stacey-abrams-whats-next.html|title=Stacey Abrams for …. Governor? Senator? Veep? President?! 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