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词条 2020 United States elections
释义

  1. Federal elections

     Presidential election  Congressional elections  Senate elections  House of Representatives elections 

  2. State elections

     Gubernatorial elections  Legislative elections  Impact on redistricting 

  3. Local elections

      Mayoral elections    Other elections and referenda  

  4. Table of state, territorial, and federal results

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Infobox United States elections
| year = 2020
| type = Presidential election year
| incumbent_president = Donald Trump (Republican){{efn|Assuming that he serves the remainder of his four-year term, Trump will be the presidential incumbent during the 2020 elections.}}
| election_day = November 3
| next_congress = 117th
| president_control =
| president_pv_margin =
| president_candidate1 =
| electoral_vote1 =
| president_candidate2 =
| electoral_vote2 =
| president_map = {{2020 United States presidential election imagemap}}
| president_map_caption = The electoral map for the 2020 election, based on populations from the 2010 Census
| senate_seats_contested = 33 of 100 seats
| senate_control =
| senate_net_change =
| senate_map =
| senate_map_caption = Map of the 2020 Senate races{{paragraph break}}{{legend-inline|#000080|Democratic incumbent}}
{{legend-inline|#800000|Republican incumbent}}
{{legend-inline|#f00000|Retiring Republican}}
{{legend-inline|#D3D3D3|No election}}
| house_seats_contested = All 435 voting-members
All 6 non-voting delegates
| house_control =
| house_pv_margin =
| house_net_change =
| house_map =
| house_map_caption = Map of the 2020 House of Representatives elections{{paragraph break}}{{legend-inline|#92C5DD|Democratic incumbent}}
{{legend-inline|#FF9999|Republican incumbent}}
{{legend-inline|#808080|Undetermined incumbent}}
| governor_seats_contested = 13 (11 states, 2 territories)
| governor_net_change =
| governor_map =
| governor_map_caption = Map of the 2020 gubernatorial races{{paragraph break}}{{legend-inline|#000080|Democratic incumbent eligible for re-election}}
{{legend-inline|#0000ff|Term-limited or retiring Democrat}}
{{legend-inline|#800000|Republican incumbent eligible for re-election}}
{{legend-inline|#ff0000|Term-limited or retiring Republican}}
{{legend-inline|#d5d3d5|No election}}
}}

The 2020 United States elections will be held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives, 34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate, and the office of President of the United States will be contested. Thirteen state and territorial governorships, as well as numerous other state and local elections, will also be contested.

Both parties will attempt to win unified control of Congress and the presidency in the 2020 elections. Incumbent Republican President Donald Trump will seek re-election in the 2020 presidential election. Each major party will choose a presidential nominee through a series of primaries and caucuses, culminating in a national convention held in mid-2020. Barring vacancies and party-switching, Republicans will enter the 2020 elections with a majority of at least 53 seats in the Senate, while Democrats will enter the election with a majority of at least 235 seats in the House.

Eleven of the 50 states, as well as two of the five territories, will hold gubernatorial elections. The vast majority of states will hold state legislative elections. The outcome of these elections will have a major impact on the redistricting that will take place following the 2020 United States Census.

Federal elections

Presidential election

{{main|2020 United States presidential election|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 Republican Party presidential primaries|2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries}}

The United States presidential election of 2020 will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Incumbent Republican President Donald Trump and incumbent Republican Vice President Mike Pence will both be eligible to run for a second term. Trump has announced he will seek a second term.[1] Though he is widely considered to be likely to win re-nomination, Trump may face a challenge in the Republican primaries.[2] The Republican ticket will be nominated at the 2020 Republican National Convention, held in August 2020.

Other parties, including the Democratic Party and various third parties, will also field presidential candidates. Like the Republican primaries, the 2020 Democratic primaries will take place from early 2020 to mid-2020. The Democratic ticket will be nominated at the 2020 Democratic National Convention, held in July 2020. Other parties will conduct various processes to choose their presidential tickets, and independent candidates may also seek the presidency.

The individual who wins a majority of the presidential electoral vote (270 of the 538 electoral votes) will win the presidential election. The current electoral vote distribution was determined by the 2010 census. Each elector is chosen by the states and is charged with casting one vote for president and one vote for vice president. Most states award all of their electoral votes to the individual who wins a majority or plurality of that state's popular vote, although two states award electors by congressional districts. If no individual wins a majority of the electoral vote, then the United States House of Representatives will hold a contingent election to determine the winner.{{efn|In a contingent election, the House of Representatives can choose from the three candidates who received the most electoral votes. Each state delegation of the House of Representatives receives one vote. For example, the state delegation of Alabama (consisting of 7 representatives) and the state delegation of Alaska (consisting of one representative) each collectively receive one vote.}} The vice president is selected in a similar manner, though a contingent election will be held in the United States Senate if no individual receives a majority of the vice presidential electoral vote.

{{clear}}

Congressional elections

Senate elections

{{main|2020 United States Senate elections}}
↓
331222132
Democrats Not UpDemocrats UpIndepdendents Not UpRepublicans UpRepublicans Not Up
Control of Senate seats by class after the 2018 elections
Class Democratic Independent Republican Next
elections
121 2 10 2024
2 12 021 2020
3 12 022 2022
Total 45 253 N/A

At least 34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be up for election. All seats of Senate Class II will be up for election; the winners of those elections will serve six-year terms. Additionally, Arizona will hold a special election to a fill a Class III Senate vacancy; the winner of that election will serve a two-year term. Other states may also hold special elections.

Republicans won control of the Senate in the 2014 Senate elections. They retained that majority through the 2016 and most recent 2018 Senate elections. Republicans will hold 53 Senate seats, Democrats will hold 45, and independents will hold two seats. Both independents have caucused with the Democratic Party since joining the Senate. Barring further vacancies or party switching, 21 Republican-held seats, along with 12 Democratic-held seats, will be up for election. If they win the vice presidency, Democrats will need to win a total of at least 50 seats to take the majority; otherwise, they will need to win at least 51 seats to take the majority.

House of Representatives elections

{{Main|2020 United States House of Representatives elections}}

All 435 voting seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election. The winners of each race will serve a two-year term. Additionally, elections will be held to select the Delegate for the District of Columbia as well as the delegates from U.S. territories. This includes the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, a position with a four-year term.

Democrats won control of the House of Representatives in the 2018 elections. Depending on the outcome of an undecided race, Democrats will control 235 or 236 seats in the House of Representatives, while Republicans will control 199 or 200 seats. To take the majority, Republicans will have to win a total of at least 218 seats.

State elections

Gubernatorial elections

{{main|2020 United States gubernatorial elections}}

Elections will be held for the governorships of 11 U.S. states and two U.S. territories. Special elections may be held for vacancies in the other states and territories, if required by respective state/territorial constitutions. Most elections will be for four-year terms, but the governors of New Hampshire and Vermont each serve two-year terms.

Barring vacancies and party switching, Republicans will be defending seven seats, while Democrats will be defending six seats. At least two Democratic incumbents and at least one Republican incumbent will not seek seek election to another term.

↓
21513719
Democrats Not UpDemocrats UpPRN UpTBD in 2019Republicans UpRepublicans Not Up

Legislative elections

Most states will hold state legislative elections in 2020. Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia will not hold state legislative elections, Michigan will only hold elections for the lower house, and North Dakota will only hold elections for the upper house. In states that use staggered terms, some state senators will not be up for election.

After the 2018 elections, Democrats have 14 trifectas (control of the governor's office and both legislative chambers), Republicans have 22 trifectas, and 13 states have a divided government (excluding Nebraska, which has a non-partisan legislature).[3] In the 2019 elections, Democrats have an opportunity to gain a trifecta in Virginia, Republicans have the opportunity to gain a trifecta in Kentucky, while both parties could gain a trifecta in Louisiana and Mississippi. Both parties could potentially gain several trifectas in the 2020 elections.

Impact on redistricting

{{Main|United States redistricting, 2022}}

A census will be conducted in 2020, after which the United States House of Representatives and state legislatures will undergo redistricting, and the state delegations to the United States House of Representatives will undergo reapportionment. In states without redistricting commissions, the legislators and governors elected between 2017 and 2020 will draw the new Congressional and state legislative districts that will take effect starting with the 2022 elections. If either party does well in the 2020 elections, they could gain a significant advantage in electing their candidates to the state legislature and the United States House of Representatives until the next round of redistricting in 2030.[4]

Local elections

Mayoral elections

Mayoral elections will be held in many cities, including:

  • Baltimore, Maryland: One-term incumbent Democrat Catherine E. Pugh is eligible to run for reelection.
  • Honolulu, Hawaii: Two-term incumbent Democrat Kirk Caldwell is ineligible to run for reelection due to term limits.
  • Milwaukee, Wisconsin: This is a non-partisan office. Four-term incumbent Tom Barrett is eligible to run for reelection.
  • Portland, Oregon: This is a non-partisan office. One-term incumbent Ted Wheeler is eligible to run for reelection.
  • Sacramento, California: One-term incumbent Democrat Darrell Steinberg is eligible to run for reelection.
  • San Juan, Puerto Rico: Two-term incumbent Popular Democrat Carmen Yulín Cruz is eligible to run for reelection, but has said she plans to run for governor.[5]

Other elections and referenda

  • One of Washington, D.C.'s shadow senators and its shadow representative, who are charged with lobbying Congress for D.C. statehood, are up for election.

Table of state, territorial, and federal results

{{see also|Political party strength in U.S. states}}

This table shows the partisan results of president, congressional, gubernatorial, and state legislative races held in each state and territory in 2020. Note that not all states and territories hold gubernatorial, state legislative, and United States Senate elections in 2018. The territories and Washington, D.C. do not elect members of the United States Senate, and the territories do not take part in presidential elections. Washington, D.C. and the five inhabited territories each elect one non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives. Nebraska's unicameral legislature and the governorship and legislature of American Samoa are officially non-partisan. In the table, offices/legislatures that are not up for election in 2019 or 2020 are already filled in for the "after 2020 elections" section, although vacancies or party switching could potentially lead to a flip in partisan control.

Subdivision and PVI[6]Before 2020 elections[7][8]After 2020 elections
SubdivisionPVI Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House President Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House
Alabama{{sort|114|R+14}}RepRepM|Split}}{{sort|186|Rep 6–1}}RepRep
Alaska{{sort|109|R+9}}RepRepRep{{sort|201|Rep 1–0}}Rep
Arizona{{sort|105|R+5}}RepRepSplit{{sort|144|Dem 5–4}}Rep
Arkansas{{sort|115|R+15}}RepRepRep{{sort|204|Rep 4–0}}Rep
California{{sort|088|D+12}}DemDemDem{{sort|113|Dem 46–7}}DemDem
Colorado{{sort|099|D+1}}DemDemM|Split}}{{sort|143|Dem 4–3}}Dem
Connecticut{{sort|094|D+6}}DemDemDem{{sort|095|Dem 5–0}}DemDem
Delaware{{sort|094|D+6}}DemDemDem{{sort|099|Dem 1–0}}
Florida{{sort|102|R+2}}RepRepRep{{sort|152|Rep 14–13}}RepRep
Georgia{{sort|105|R+5}}RepRepRep{{sort|164|Rep 9–5}}Rep
Hawaii{{sort|082|D+18}}DemDemDem{{sort|098|Dem 2–0}}DemDem
Idaho{{sort|119|R+19}}RepRepRep{{sort|202|Rep 2–0}}Rep
Illinois{{sort|093|D+7}}DemDemDem{{sort|128|Dem 13–5}}Dem
Indiana{{sort|109|R+9}}RepRepRep{{sort|178|Rep 7–2}}Rep
Iowa{{sort|103|R+3}}RepRepRep{{sort|125|Dem 3–1}}Rep
Kansas{{sort|113|R+13}}DemRepRep{{sort|175|Rep 3–1}}Dem
Kentucky{{sort|115|R+15}}RepRep{{sort|183|Rep 5–1}}
Louisiana{{sort|111|R+11}}Rep{{sort|183|Rep 5–1}}
Maine{{sort|097|D+3}}DemDemM|Split R/I}}{{efn|name=Maine-split|One of Maine's senators, Susan Collins, is a Republican. The other senator from Maine, Angus King, is an independent who has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2013.}}{{sort|098|Dem 2–0}}Dem
Maryland{{sort|088|D+12}}RepDemDem{{sort|112|Dem 7–1}}RepDemDem
Massachusetts{{sort|088|D+12}}RepDemDem{{sort|091|Dem 9–0}}Rep
Michigan{{sort|099|D+1}}DemRepDem150|Split}} 7–7Dem
Minnesota{{sort|099|D+1}}DemM|Split}}Dem{{sort|138|Dem 5–3}}Dem
Mississippi{{sort|109|R+9}}Rep{{sort|175|Rep 3–1}}
Missouri{{sort|109|R+9}}RepRepRep{{sort|175|Rep 6–2}}Rep
Montana{{sort|111|R+11}}DemRepM|Split}}{{sort|201|Rep 1–0}}
Nebraska{{sort|114|R+14}}RepNPRep{{sort|203|Rep 3–0}}RepNP
Nevada{{sort|099|D+1}}DemDemDem{{sort|125|Dem 3–1}}DemDem
New Hampshire100|Even}}RepDemDem{{sort|098|Dem 2–0}}
New Jersey{{sort|093|D+7}}DemDem{{sort|108|Dem 11–1}}Dem
New Mexico{{sort|097|D+3}}DemDemDem{{sort|097|Dem 3–0}}Dem
New York{{sort|089|D+11}}DemDemDem{{sort|122|Dem 21–6}}DemDem
North Carolina{{sort|103|R+3}}DemRepRep{{sort|177|Rep 9–3}}
North Dakota{{sort|117|R+17}}RepRepRep{{sort|201|Rep 1–0}}Rep
Ohio{{sort|103|R+3}}RepRepM|Split}}{{sort|175|Rep 12–4}}RepM|Split}}
Oklahoma{{sort|120|R+20}}RepRepRep{{sort|180|Rep 4–1}}Rep
Oregon{{sort|095|D+5}}DemDemDem{{sort|120|Dem 4–1}}Dem
Pennsylvania100|Even}}DemRepM|Split}}150|Split}} 9–9DemM|Split}}
Rhode Island{{sort|090|D+10}}DemDemDem{{sort|098|Dem 2–0}}Dem
South Carolina{{sort|108|R+8}}RepRepRep{{sort|171|Rep 5–2}}Rep
South Dakota{{sort|114|R+14}}RepRepRep{{sort|201|Rep 1–0}}Rep
Tennessee{{sort|114|R+14}}RepRepRep{{sort|178|Rep 7–2}}Rep
Texas{{sort|108|R+8}}RepRepRep{{sort|164|Rep 23–13}}Rep
Utah{{sort|120|R+20}}RepRepRep{{sort|175|Rep 3–1}}Rep
Vermont{{sort|085|D+15}}RepDem{{sort|DemS|Split D/I}}{{efn|name=VT-split|One of Vermont's senators, Patrick Leahy, is a Democrat. The other senator from Vermont, Bernie Sanders, was elected as an independent and has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2007.}}{{sort|099|Dem 1–0}}{{sort|DemS|Split D/I}}{{efn|name=VT-split}}
Virginia{{sort|099|D+1}}DemDem{{sort|136|Dem 7–4}}Dem
Washington{{sort|093|D+7}}DemDemDem{{sort|130|Dem 7–3}}Dem
West Virginia{{sort|120|R+20}}RepRepM|Split}}{{sort|203|Rep 3–0}}
Wisconsin100|Even}}DemRepM|Split}}{{sort|163|Rep 5–3}}DemM|Split}}
Wyoming{{sort|125|R+25}}RepRepRep{{sort|201|Rep 1–0}}Rep
United StatesEven N/A N/ARepDem N/A N/A
Washington, D.C.{{sort|057|D+43}}Dem{{efn|name=dc|Washington, D.C. does not elect a governor or state legislature, but it does elect a mayor and a city council.}}Dem{{efn|name=dc}}rowspan=6 {{n/a}}Demrowspan=6 {{n/a}}
American Samoarowspan=5 {{n/a}}NP/D{{efn|name=AS-governor|Although elections for governor of American Samoa are non-partisan, Governor Lolo Matalasi Moliga has affiliated with the Democratic Party at the national level since re-election in 2016.}}NPReprowspan=5 {{n/a}}NPNP
GuamDemDemDem
N. Mariana IslandsRepRepInd{{efn|name=CNMI-delegate|The Northern Mariana Islands' delegate to Congress, Gregorio Sablan, was elected as an Independent and has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2009.}}
Puerto RicoPNP/D{{efn|name=PR-governor|Puerto Rican Governor Ricardo Rosselló was elected as a member of the New Progressive Party, but affiliates with the Democratic Party at the national level.}}PNPPNP/R{{efn|name=PR-rescommish|Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner, Jenniffer González, was elected as a member of the New Progressive Party and has caucused with the Republicans since taking office in 2017.}}
U.S. Virgin IslandsDemDemDem
Subdivision PVI Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House President Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House
Subdivision and PVIBefore 2020 electionsAfter 2020 elections

See also

  • Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections[9]
  • Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections[9]

Notes

{{notelist|40em}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632|title=Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things'|date=January 22, 2017|first=Sarah|last=Westwood|work=The Washington Examiner|accessdate=February 21, 2017}}
2. ^{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Mike |title=How to Primary Trump in 2020 |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/03/28/how-to-primary-trump-in-2020-217717 |accessdate=November 14, 2018 |publisher=Politico |date=March 28, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite news |last1=Quinton |first1=Sophie |last2=Povich |first2=Elaine S. |title=So Much Changed in Statehouses This Week. Here’s What It All Means. |url=https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2018/11/09/so-much-changed-in-statehouses-this-week-heres-what-it-all-means|work=Stateline|publisher=The Pew Charitable Trusts|date=November 9, 2018}}
4. ^{{cite news|last1=Sarlin|first1=Benjy|title=Forget 2016: Democrats already have a plan for 2020|url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/2016-democrats-already-have-plan-2020|accessdate=October 30, 2015|publisher=MSNBC|date=August 26, 2014}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/04/carmen-yulin-cruz-running-for-governor-puerto-rico|title=Carmen Yulin Cruz, Mayor Of San Juan, Reportedly Eyes Governor Seat In Puerto Rico|last=Rosario|first=Richy|date=April 5, 2018|work=Vibe|location=|access-date=March 19, 2019}}
6. ^{{cite web|last1=Coleman|first1=Miles|title=2016 State PVI Changes|url=https://decisiondeskhq.com/news/2016-state-pvi-changes/|website=Decision Desk HQ|accessdate=November 9, 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=2018 State & Legislative Partisan Composition |url=http://www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/Documents/Elections/Legis_Control_110718_26973.pdf |website=NCSL |accessdate=November 7, 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=2018 Midterm Election Results: Live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/11/06/us/elections/results-dashboard-live.html |website=New York Times |accessdate=November 7, 2018}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/20/2020-candidates-social-media-attack-1176018 |title=‘Sustained and ongoing’ disinformation assault targets Dem presidential candidates; A coordinated barrage of social media attacks suggests the involvement of foreign state actors. |author=Natasha Korecki |date=February 20, 2019 |website=Politico.com |publisher= |access-date=4 March 2019 |quote=}}
{{United States elections, 2020}}{{United States elections}}{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Elections, 2020}}

3 : 2020 elections in the United States|General elections in the United States|November 2020 events in the United States
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