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词条 2020 United States presidential election
释义

  1. Background

     Procedure  Demographic trends  Simultaneous elections 

  2. General election polling

  3. Nominations

     Republican Party  Declared major candidates and exploratory committees  Individuals who have publicly expressed interest  Endorsements  Democratic Party  Declared major candidates and exploratory committees  Individuals who have scheduled a formal announcement   Withdrawn candidates  Individuals who have publicly expressed interest   Endorsements   Libertarian Party  Declared candidates  Withdrawn candidates  Publicly expressed interest  Green Party  Declared notable candidates and exploratory committees  Individuals who have publicly expressed interest  American Solidarity Party  Declared candidates  Independent or unaffiliated  Declared candidates  Individuals who have publicly expressed interest 

  4. Party conventions

  5. General election debates

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. References

{{For|related races|2020 United States elections}}{{pp|small=yes}}{{Use American English|date=February 2019}}{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2019}}{{use American English|date=December 2017}}{{short description|59th United States presidential election}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2020 United States presidential election
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1960
| type = presidential
| opinion_polls =
| ongoing = yes
| previous_election = 2016 United States presidential election
| previous_year = 2016
| election_date = November 3, 2020
| next_election = 2024 United States presidential election
| next_year = 2024
| votes_for_election = 538 members of the Electoral College
| needed_votes = 270 electoral
| turnout =
| image_size = x200px
| map_size = 350px
| map = {{2020 United States presidential election imagemap}}
| map_caption = The electoral map for the 2020 election, based on populations from the 2010 Census.
| title = President
| before_election = Donald Trump
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election =
| after_party =
}}{{US 2020 presidential elections series}}

The 2020 United States presidential election, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn on December 14, 2020,[1] will either elect a new president and vice president or re-elect the incumbents (In the event that no candidate receives the minimum 270 electoral votes needed to win the election, the United States House of Representatives will select the president, and the United States Senate will select the vice president). The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.

President Donald Trump of the Republican Party, who was elected in 2016, is seeking reelection to a second term. The winner of the 2020 presidential election is scheduled to be inaugurated on January 20, 2021.

Background

Procedure

{{further|United States presidential election}}Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as President of the United States the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old and a United States resident for at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party develops a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The primary elections are usually indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The nominee typically chooses a vice presidential running mate to form that party's presidential ticket, who is then ratified by the delegates (with the exception of the Libertarian Party, which nominates its vice presidential candidate by delegate vote regardless of the nominee's preference). The general election in November is also an indirect election, in which voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors then directly elect the President and Vice President.[2]

In August 2018, the Democratic National Committee voted to disallow superdelegates from voting on the first ballot of the nominating process, beginning with the 2020 election. This would require a candidate to win a majority of pledged delegates from the assorted primary elections in order to win the party's nomination. The last time this did not occur was the nomination of Adlai Stevenson II at the 1952 Democratic National Convention.[3]

The Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution states that an individual can not be elected to the presidency more than twice. This prohibits former Presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama from being elected president again. Former president Jimmy Carter, having served a single term as president, is not constitutionally prohibited from being elected to another term in the 2020 election.

Demographic trends

{{further|Demography of the United States}}

The age group of what will then be people in the 18- to 45-year-old bracket is expected to represent just under 40 percent of the United States' eligible voters in 2020. It is expected that more than 30 percent of eligible American voters will be nonwhite.[4]

A bipartisan report indicates that changes in voter demographics since the 2016 election could impact the results of the 2020 election. African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic minorities, as well as "whites with a college degree", are expected to all increase their percentage of national eligible voters by 2020, while "whites without a college degree" will decrease. This shift is potentially an advantage for the Democratic nominee; however, due to geographical differences, this could still lead to President Trump (or a different Republican nominee) winning the Electoral College while still losing the popular vote, possibly by an even larger margin than in 2016.[5]

Additionally, Washington, D.C. may lower its voting age from 18 to 16. Legislation was introduced by City Councilman Charles Allen in April 2018, with a public hearing in June, and a vote by the end of the year. Unlike other cities with a voting age of 16 such as Berkeley, California, this would allow 16- and 17-year-olds to vote for President of the United States for the first time in 2020. Allen said that he was inspired by the high school students that participated in the March for Our Lives, which occurred at the capital in March.[6]

Simultaneous elections

{{further|2020 United States Senate elections|2020 United States House of Representatives elections}}

The presidential election will occur simultaneously with elections to the Senate and the House of Representatives. Several states will also hold state gubernatorial and state legislative elections. Following the election, the United States House will redistribute the seats among the 50 states based on the results of the 2020 United States Census, and the states will conduct a redistricting of Congressional and state legislative districts. In most states, the governor and the state legislature conduct the redistricting (although some states have redistricting commissions), and often a party that wins a presidential election experiences a coattail effect that also helps other candidates of that party win elections.[7] Therefore, the party that wins the 2020 presidential election could also win a significant advantage in the drawing of new Congressional and state legislative districts that would stay in effect until the 2032 elections.[8]

General election polling

{{main|Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election|Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election}}

Nominations

Republican Party

{{further|2020 Republican Party presidential primaries}}

Donald Trump is eligible to run for re-election and has signaled his intention to do so.[9] His reelection campaign has been ongoing since his victory in 2016, leading pundits to describe his tactic of holding rallies continuously throughout his presidency as a "never-ending campaign".[10] On January 20, 2017, at 5:11 p.m., he submitted a letter as a substitute of FEC Form 2, by which he reached the legal threshold for filing, in compliance with the Federal Election Campaign Act.[11]

Beginning in August 2017, reports arose that members of the Republican Party were preparing a "shadow campaign" against Trump, particularly from the moderate or establishment wings of the party. Then-Arizona Senator John McCain said that "[Republicans] see weakness in this president."[12] Maine Senator Susan Collins, Kentucky Senator Rand Paul, and former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie all expressed doubts in 2017 that Trump would be the 2020 nominee, with Collins stating "it's too difficult to say."[13][14] Senator Jeff Flake claimed in 2017 that Trump was "inviting" a primary challenger by the way he was governing.[15] Longtime political strategist Roger Stone, however, predicted in May 2018 that Trump might not seek a second term were he to succeed in keeping all of his campaign promises and "mak[ing] America great again".[16]

On January 25, 2019, the Republican National Committee unofficially endorsed Trump, and began coordinating with the campaign organization.

Declared major candidates and exploratory committees

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Republican Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section: 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries | declared}}}}

Individuals who have publicly expressed interest

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Republican Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section: 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries | interested}}}}

Endorsements

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Republican Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section-h: 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries | Endorsements}}}}

Democratic Party

{{main|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}

After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, the Democratic Party was seen largely as leaderless[17] and fractured between the centrist Clinton wing and the more progressive Sanders wing of the party, echoing the rift brought up in the 2016 primary election.[18][19]

This divide between the establishment and progressive wings of the party has been reflected in several elections leading up to the 2020 primaries, most notably in 2017 with the election for DNC Chair between Tom Perez and Sanders-backed progressive Keith Ellison:[20] Perez was elected Chairman, but Ellison was appointed the Deputy Chair, a largely ceremonial role. In 2018, several U.S. House districts that Democrats hoped to gain from the Republican majority had contentious primary elections. These clashes were described by Politico{{'}}s Elena Schneider as a "Democratic civil war".[21] Meanwhile, there has been a general shift to the left in regards to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration among Democrats in the Senate, likely to build up credentials for the upcoming primary election.[22][23]

Perez has commented that the 2020 primary field will likely go into double-digits, rivaling the size of the 2016 GOP primary, which consisted of 17 major candidates.[24] In the wake of the Me Too movement, several female candidates are expected to enter the race, increasing the likelihood of the Democrats nominating a woman for the second time in a row.[25] Speculation also mounted that Democrats' best bet to defeat President Trump would be to nominate their own celebrity or businessperson with no government experience, most notably Oprah Winfrey after her memorable speech at the 75th Golden Globe Awards.[26]

The topic of age has been brought up among the most likely front-runners: former Vice President Joe Biden, Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, and Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, who will be 78, 71, and 79 respectively on inauguration day. Former Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid (who will be 81 on inauguration day) described the trio as "an old folks' home", expressing a need for fresh faces to step up and lead the party.[27]

Declared major candidates and exploratory committees

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section:2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries| declared major}}}}

Individuals who have scheduled a formal announcement

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section: 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries | announcement}}}}

Withdrawn candidates

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section:2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries| withdrew}}}}

Individuals who have publicly expressed interest

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section: 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries | interested}}}}

Endorsements

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section-h: 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries | Endorsements}}}}

Libertarian Party

{{main|2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries}}

Declared candidates

These candidates have established campaign websites.

{{legend|lavender|Formed exploratory committee but has not officially declared candidacy}}
NameBornCurrent or previous positionsStateAnnouncedRef

Adam Kokesh		1982|2|1}}
(age {{age nts|1982|2|1}})
San Francisco, California		 Libertarian and anti-war political activist
Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2018
Candidate for U.S. Representative from New Mexico in 2010
Arizona		 July 18, 2013

FEC Filing[28]		[29]

John McAfee		1945|9|18}}
(age {{age nts|1945|9|18}})
Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire,
England		 Founder and CEO of McAfee, Inc. 1987–1994
Candidate for President in 2016
Tennessee		 June 3, 2018

(Campaign)		[30]

Vermin Supreme		1961|6}}
(age 57)
Rockport, Massachusetts		 Performance artist and activist
Candidate for President in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016
Candidate for Mayor of Detroit, Michigan in 1989
Candidate for Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland in 1987
Kansas		 May 28, 2018
 [31]

Arvin Vohra		1979|5|9}}
(age {{age nts|1979|5|9}})
Silver Spring, Maryland		 Vice Chair of the LNC 2014–2018
Libertarian nominee for U.S. Senate from Maryland in 2018
Libertarian nominee for U.S. Representative in 2012 and 2014
Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2016
Maryland		 July 3, 2018
 [32]

The following candidate has established an exploratory committee, but does not have a campaign website:

  • Sam Seder, host of The Majority Report, actor, political analyst, and comedian from New York[33]

Withdrawn candidates

Candidate Born Experience State Campaign Ref

Zoltan Istvan		1973|3|30}}
(aged {{age|1973|03|30|2019|01|11}})
Los Angeles, California		 Transhumanist activist and futurist
Transhumanist nominee for President in 2016
Candidate for Governor of California in 2018
California		Announced campaign:
{{dts|2017|11|25}}}}
{{small|Suspended campaign:
{{dts|2019|1|11}} (publicly revealed)}}		[34][35]

Publicly expressed interest

Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months.

{{transcluded section|source=2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries}}{{trim|{{#section: 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries | interested}}}}

Green Party

{{main|2020 Green Party presidential primaries}}{{legend|lavender|Formed exploratory committee but has not officially declared their candidacy}}

Declared notable candidates and exploratory committees

NameBornExperienceStateAnnouncedRef

Howie Hawkins		1952|12|08}}
(age {{age nts|1952|12|08}})
San Francisco, California		Green nominee for Governor of New York in 2010, 2014, and 2018;
Co-Founder of the Green Party of the United States		NY}}
New York		{{small>Exploratory committee:
{{dts|2019|04|03}}}}[36][37]

Dario Hunter		1983}}
(age {{age|1983}})
New Jersey		Youngstown Board of Education (2016–present)
Ohio		{{small>Exploratory committee:
{{dts|2019|01|21}}}}
{{small|Announced campaign: {{dts|2019|2|18}}}}
FEC Filing[38]		[39]

Individuals who have publicly expressed interest

Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months.

  • Jesse Ventura, Governor of Minnesota 1999–2003; Mayor of Brooklyn Park 1991–1995[40][41]

American Solidarity Party

{{further|American Solidarity Party}}

Declared candidates

NameBornExperienceStateAnnouncedRef

Joe Schriner		1955}}
(age {{age|1955}})
Ohio		Political activist and journalist
Candidate for President in 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 as Independent
Ohio		October 13, 2017[42][43]

Independent or unaffiliated

{{see also|Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election}}

Declared candidates

NameBornCurrent or previous positionsStateAnnouncedRef

Ronnie Kroell		1983|2|1}}
(age {{age nts|1983|2|1}})
Chicago, Illinois		Activist, model, actor and singer
Illinois
February 12, 2019		[44]

Notable people who have announced that they are running for President in 2020 as independent candidates but have not established campaign websites are:

  • Dan Rattiner, a journalist and newspaper publisher from New York

Individuals who have publicly expressed interest

Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months.

  • Akon, singer, songwriter, businessman, record producer, and actor from New Jersey[45][46]
  • Mike Cernovich, American social media personality, writer, and conspiracy theorist[47]
  • Mark Cuban, businessman and investor from Texas[48][49]
  • Howard Schultz, former chairman of Starbucks from Washington[50][51][52]

Party conventions

{{Location map many | USA |left| width=400
| caption={{Legend|blue|Democratic Party}}{{Legend|red|Republican Party}}{{Legend|gold|Libertarian Party}}
| alt=Map of United States showing Milwaukee, Charlotte, and Austin
| mark1=blue pog.svg | mark1size=10 | lat1_deg=43.05 | lon1_deg=-87.95 | label1=Milwaukee | position1=bottom
| mark2=red pog.svg | mark2size=10 | lat2_deg=35.22 | lon2_deg=-80.84 | label2=Charlotte | position2=top
| mark3=gold pog.svg | mark3size=8 | lat3_deg=30.26 | lon3_deg=-97.73 | label3=Austin | position3=top

}}

The 2020 Democratic National Convention is scheduled from July 13–16 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[53][54] Houston, Texas, and Miami Beach, Florida, were also considered to host the convention.[55]

The 2020 Republican National Convention is planned to be held in Charlotte, North Carolina, on August 24–27.[56]

This will be the first time since 2004 that the two major party conventions will be held at least one month apart with the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in between[57] (in 2008 and 2012, the Democratic and Republican conventions were held in back-to-back weeks following the Summer Olympics, while in 2016 both were held before the Rio Games).

The 2020 Libertarian National Convention will be held in Austin, Texas, over Memorial Day weekend, May 22–25.[58][59]

The date and location of the 2020 Green National Convention will be decided at the 2019 annual national meeting this year in Salem, Massachusetts.[60] In a similar fashion, the 2016 convention site was announced following the party's 2015 annual national meeting.[61]

General election debates

The Commission on Presidential Debates announced on April 3, 2019 the six finalist cities that could hold the three presidential debates; the cities are: Nashville, Tennessee; Hartford, Connecticut; Omaha, Nebraska; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Notre Dame, Indiana; and Salt Lake City, Utah.[62]

See also

{{Wikiquote}}
  • 2020 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 2020 United States Senate elections
  • 2020 United States House of Representatives elections
  • Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
  • Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections

Notes

{{notelist}}{{notelist|group=note}}

References

1. ^[https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-3-the-president/3-usc-sect-7.html "3 U.S.C. § 7 - U.S. Code - Unannotated Title 3. The President § 7. Meeting and vote of electors"], FindLaw.com.
2. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-election/9480396/US-Election-guide-how-does-the-election-work.html |title=US Election guide: how does the election work? |date=November 6, 2012 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=October 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110114127/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-election/9480396/US-Election-guide-how-does-the-election-work.html |archive-date=November 10, 2015 |dead-url=no }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/25/politics/democrats-superdelegates-voting-changes/index.html |title=DNC changes superdelegate rules in presidential nomination process|date=August 25, 2018 |first=Adam |last=Levy |work=CNN |accessdate=August 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826232355/https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/25/politics/democrats-superdelegates-voting-changes/index.html |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/01/25/170240786/forget-2016-the-pivotal-year-in-politics-may-be-2020 |title=Forget 2016. The Pivotal Year In Politics May Be 2020 |date=January 25, 2013 |first=Linton |last=Weeks |work=NPR |accessdate=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006082924/http://www.npr.org/2013/01/25/170240786/forget-2016-the-pivotal-year-in-politics-may-be-2020 |archive-date=October 6, 2015 |dead-url=no }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/first-read/demographic-shifts-show-2020-presidential-race-could-be-close-n868146 |title=Demographic shifts show 2020 presidential race could be close |date=April 22, 2018 |first=Dante |last=Chinni |work=NBC News |accessdate=April 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423004124/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/first-read/demographic-shifts-show-2020-presidential-race-could-be-close-n868146 |archive-date=April 23, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/04/17/washington-d-c-may-allow-16-year-olds-vote-president-2020-election/523301002/ |title=Washington, D.C., may allow 16-year-olds to vote for president in the 2020 election |date=April 17, 2018 |first=Peggy |last=Fox |work=USA Today |accessdate=April 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420135409/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/04/17/washington-d-c-may-allow-16-year-olds-vote-president-2020-election/523301002/ |archive-date=April 20, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
7. ^{{citejournal |first=James E. |last=Campbell |title=Presidential Coattails and Midterm Losses in State Legislative Elections |journal=The American Political Science Review |date=March 1986 |volume=80 |issue=1 |page=45 |jstor=1957083}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/2016-democrats-already-have-plan-2020 |title=Forget 2016: Democrats already have a plan for 2020 |date=August 26, 2014 |first=Benjy |last=Sarlin |work=MSNBC |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028151748/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/2016-democrats-already-have-plan-2020 |archive-date=October 28, 2015 |dead-url=no }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632 |title=Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things' |date=January 22, 2017 |first=Sarah |last=Westwood |work=Washington Examiner |access-date=February 21, 2017}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-road-to-2020-donald-trumps-never-ending-campaign |title=The Road to 2020: Donald Trump's Never-Ending Campaign |date=February 18, 2017|first=Scott |last=Bixby |newspaper=The Daily Beast |accessdate=January 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140236/http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-road-to-2020-donald-trumps-never-ending-campaign |archive-date=August 6, 2017 |dead-url=no }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |title=Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day |date=January 30, 2017 |first=Lee |last=Morehouse |publisher=KTVK |access-date=February 21, 2017 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130223626/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |archive-date=January 30, 2017}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/us/politics/2020-campaign-president-trump-cotton-sasse-pence.html|title=Republican Shadow Campaign for 2020 Takes Shape as Trump Doubts Grow |date=August 5, 2017 |first1=Jonathan |first2=Alexander |last1=Martin |last2=Burns |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=October 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021173314/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/us/politics/2020-campaign-president-trump-cotton-sasse-pence.html |archive-date=October 21, 2017 |dead-url=no }}
13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sen-susan-collins-not-sure-trump-will-be-2020-gop-nominee/ |title=Sen. Susan Collins not sure Trump will be 2020 GOP nominee |date=August 21, 2017 |work=CBS News |accessdate=October 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023070305/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sen-susan-collins-not-sure-trump-will-be-2020-gop-nominee/ |archive-date=October 23, 2017 |dead-url=no }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/trump-2020-election-white-house-manafort-696089 |title=TRUMP MAY NOT SEEK RE-ELECTION: RAND PAUL, CHRIS CHRISTIE |date=October 30, 2017 |first=Nicole |last=Goodkind |work=Newsweek |accessdate=November 4, 2017 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104104458/http://www.newsweek.com/trump-2020-election-white-house-manafort-696089 |archive-date=November 4, 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/24/politics/kfile-jeff-flake-trump-primary-challenge/index.html |title=Sen. Jeff Flake: Trump 'inviting' 2020 primary challenge by how he's governing |date=August 24, 2017 |first=Andrew |last=Kaczynski |work=CNN |accessdate=October 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023064004/http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/24/politics/kfile-jeff-flake-trump-primary-challenge/index.html |archive-date=October 23, 2017 |dead-url=no }}
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/roger-stone-says-trump-may-not-run-in-2020-pledges-to-line-up-challenger-to-pence-haley-ticket |title=Roger Stone says Trump may not run in 2020, pledges to line up challenger to Pence-Haley ticket |date=May 19, 2018 |first=Daniel |last=Chaitin |work=Washington Examiner |accessdate=June 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135917/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/roger-stone-says-trump-may-not-run-in-2020-pledges-to-line-up-challenger-to-pence-haley-ticket |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/324903-for-democrats-no-clear-leader |title=For Democrats, no clear leader |date=March 31, 2017 |first=Jonathan |last=Easley |work=The Hill |accessdate=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129231222/http://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/324903-for-democrats-no-clear-leader |archive-date=January 29, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=https://newrepublic.com/minutes/142419/2020-democratic-primary-going-all-out-brawl-party-needs |title=The 2020 Democratic primary is going to be the all-out brawl the party needs. |date=April 28, 2017 |first=Graham |last=Vyse |work=The New Republic |accessdate=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141132/https://newrepublic.com/minutes/142419/2020-democratic-primary-going-all-out-brawl-party-needs|archive-date=January 29, 2018|dead-url=no}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/opinion/clinton-sanders-democratic-party.html |title=The Struggle Between Clinton and Sanders Is Not Over |date=September 7, 2017 |first=Thomas B. |last=Edsall |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=March 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326000959/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/opinion/clinton-sanders-democratic-party.html |archive-date=March 26, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
20. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/feb/27/democratic-national-committee-election-tom-perez-keith-ellison |date=February 27, 2017 |title=After the divisive Democratic National Committee chair election, what's next? |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=March 23, 2018 |last1=Abramson |first1=Jill |last2=Aronoff |first2=Kate |last3=Camacho |first3=Daniel José |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324061947/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/feb/27/democratic-national-committee-election-tom-perez-keith-ellison |archive-date=March 24, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
21. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/05/19/moser-fletcher-texas-democratic-congress-house-runoff-551681 |title=Democrats clash over party's direction in key Texas race |date=May 19, 2018 |first=Elena |last=Schneider |work=Politico |accessdate=May 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519222657/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/05/19/moser-fletcher-texas-democratic-congress-house-runoff-551681 |archive-date=May 19, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
22. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/30/2020-liberal-democrats-trump-opponent-319239 |title=Dem senators fight to out-liberal one another ahead of 2020 |date=December 30, 2017 |first=Elana |last=Schor |work=Politico |accessdate=January 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203123518/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/30/2020-liberal-democrats-trump-opponent-319239 |archive-date=February 3, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
23. ^{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Ryan W. |title=New York's Kirsten Gillibrand, Bill de Blasio echo progressive calls to 'abolish ICE' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/29/kristen-gillibrand-bill-de-blasio-echo-progresive-calls-abolish-ice/746694002/ |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |work=USA Today |date=June 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702150050/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/29/kristen-gillibrand-bill-de-blasio-echo-progresive-calls-abolish-ice/746694002/ |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chicagoinc/ct-met-tom-perez-dossier-1027-chicago-inc-20171026-story.html |title=DNC chair Tom Perez: Expect a 'double-digit' field in 2020 presidential primary |date=October 26, 2017 |first=Kim |last=Janssen |work=Chicago Tribune |accessdate=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195157/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chicagoinc/ct-met-tom-perez-dossier-1027-chicago-inc-20171026-story.html |archive-date=January 29, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/24/2020-year-of-woman-democrats-post-weinstein-kamala-harris-klobuchar-gillibrand-warren-215860 |title=Why 2020 Will Be the Year of the Woman |date=November 24, 2017 |first=Bill |last=Scher |work=Politico |accessdate=June 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623193911/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/24/2020-year-of-woman-democrats-post-weinstein-kamala-harris-klobuchar-gillibrand-warren-215860 |archive-date=June 23, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2018/01/09/oprah_run_in_202o_entices_leaderless_democrats_135957.html|title=Oprah Run in 2020 Entices Leaderless Democrats |date=January 9, 2018 |first=Caitlin |last=Huey-Burns |work=RealClearPolitics |accessdate=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109071110/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2018/01/09/oprah_run_in_202o_entices_leaderless_democrats_135957.html |archive-date=January 9, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/12/who-will-do-what-harry-reid-did-now-that-harry-reid-is-gone.html |title=Who Will Do What Harry Reid Did Now That Harry Reid Is Gone? |date=December 27, 2016 |first=Jason |last=Zengerle |work=New York |accessdate=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141214/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/12/who-will-do-what-harry-reid-did-now-that-harry-reid-is-gone.html |archive-date=January 29, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/839/201801139090406839/201801139090406839.pdf|format=PDF|title=FEC FORM 2 : STATEMENT OF CANDIDACY|website=Docquery.fec.gov|accessdate=19 March 2019}}
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30. ^{{cite web|url=https://cryptonewsreview.com/dont-vote-john-mcafee-for-president-says-the-john-mcafee-for-president-website/|title="Don’t vote John McAfee for President" says the John McAfee for President website|date=January 10, 2019|work=Crypto News Review|accessdate=January 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112150336/https://cryptonewsreview.com/dont-vote-john-mcafee-for-president-says-the-john-mcafee-for-president-website/|archive-date=January 12, 2019|dead-url=no}}
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35. ^{{cite web |last1=Istvan |first1=Zoltan |title="...I no longer [belong] to the party and wasn’t planning on running in 2020 for the LP. |url=https://mavenroundtable.io/transhumanistwager/politics-science/the-last-few-years-have-been-an-exciting-time-for-me-as-i-emerged-a-visible-figure-in-the-quickly-_JrIXJRgrUKs9aY0zmML6A/ |date=January 11, 2019 |accessdate=January 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112151506/https://mavenroundtable.io/transhumanistwager/politics-science/the-last-few-years-have-been-an-exciting-time-for-me-as-i-emerged-a-visible-figure-in-the-quickly-_JrIXJRgrUKs9aY0zmML6A/ |archive-date=January 12, 2019 |dead-url=no }}
36. ^https://auburnpub.com/blogs/eye_on_ny/howie-hawkins-syracuse-resident-exploring-run-for-green-party-presidential/article_1bc6e864-e446-566c-a36e-690150d2422c.html
37. ^https://howiehawkins.us/
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39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/youngstown-board-of-education-member-announces-he-s-running-for-president/1792725691|title=Youngstown Board of Education member announces he's running for president|date=February 19, 2019|website=Wkbn.com|accessdate=March 19, 2019}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2018/11/29/jesse-ventura-donald-trump-democrats-green-party-presidential-run/|title=Jesse Ventura Says Democrats Should Work with Him to Defeat Trump in 2020|website=TMZ|date=November 29, 2018|access-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207001253/http://www.tmz.com/2018/11/29/jesse-ventura-donald-trump-democrats-green-party-presidential-run/|archive-date=December 7, 2018|dead-url=no}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/prowrestling/jesse-ventura-2020-presidential-run/|title=Jesse ’The Body’ Ventura Is Considering A 2020 Presidential Run|date=November 28, 2018|publisher=Uproxx.com|author=Brandon Stroud|access-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235030/https://uproxx.com/prowrestling/jesse-ventura-2020-presidential-run/|archive-date=December 6, 2018|dead-url=no}}
42. ^{{cite web |last1=Schriner |first1=Joe |title=Declaration Speech 2020 |url=https://www.voteforjoe.com/declaration-speech |website=Average Joe "The Painter" Schriner for President 2020 |accessdate=February 9, 2019}}
43. ^{{cite web |last1=Schriner |first1=Joe |title=Joe Schriner’s Presidential Declaration! 2020 Vision! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFoIq0vZPIo |website=YouTube |accessdate=February 9, 2019}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newnownext.com/ronnie-kroell-president-candidate-gay-pit-crew/02/2019/|title=Former "Drag Race" Pit Crew Member Announces 2020 Presidential Run - NewNowNext|author=|date=|website=newnownext.com|access-date=February 20, 2019}}
45. ^{{cite news |last1=Kurtz |first1=Judy |title=Akon 'very seriously' weighing 2020 Trump challenge |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/414266-akon-very-seriously-weighing-2020-trump-challenge |accessdate=December 6, 2018 |date=November 1, 2018 |agency=The Hill (newspaper) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045554/https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/414266-akon-very-seriously-weighing-2020-trump-challenge |archive-date=December 7, 2018 |dead-url=no }}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2018/03/09/akon-for-president-donald-trump-debate-mark-zuckerberg/|title=Akon Envisions 2020 Presidential Run with Mark Zuckerberg as VP|date=March 9, 2018|work=TMZ|access-date=July 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708052941/http://www.tmz.com/2018/03/09/akon-for-president-donald-trump-debate-mark-zuckerberg/|archive-date=July 8, 2018|dead-url=no}}
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50. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/21/politics/howard-schultz-starbucks-2020/index.html|title=Former Starbucks chief exploring independent 2020 bid|author1=Eli Watkins|author2=Maeve Reston|author3=Cristina Alesci|author4=Poppy Harlow|work=CNN|date=January 21, 2019|access-date=January 21, 2019}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/ex-starbucks-ceo-howard-schultz-weighs-2020-bid-as-independent|title=Ex-Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz weighs 2020 run as independent|first=Brittany|last=De Lea|date=January 21, 2019|work=FOX Business}}
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58. ^Winger, Richard {{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2017/12/11/libertarian-party-sets-location-and-date-of-2020-presidential-convention/|title=Libertarian Party Sets Location and Date of 2020 Presidential Convention|date=December 11, 2017|work=Ballot Access News|accessdate=December 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101308/http://ballot-access.org/2017/12/11/libertarian-party-sets-location-and-date-of-2020-presidential-convention/|archive-date=December 24, 2017|dead-url=no}}
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62. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/03/cities-host-2020-presidential-debates-1252771|title=Commission names 6 cities vying to host 2020 presidential debates|date=April 3, 2019|first=Katie|last=Galioto|work=Politico|accessdate=April 4, 2019}}
{{2020 United States presidential election}}{{2020 United States elections}}{{United States presidential elections}}{{Authority control}}

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