| 词条 | 3.2-inch gun M1897 |
| 释义 |
|name=3.2-inch gun M1897 |image=Gun32M189701.jpg |image_size=300px |caption=Model 1885 with crew, Spanish–American War era. Note the three-stage barrel rather than the two-stage barrel used on the Model 1897. |origin=United States |type=Light field gun |is_ranged=yes |is_artillery=yes |is_UK=no |service=1885–1919 |used_by=US Army |wars=*Spanish–American War
|designer=Watervliet Arsenal |design_date=1885 |manufacturer= |unit_cost= |production_date=1885-1899 |number=*100 (M1885)
|variants=M1885, M1890, M1897 |weight={{convert|830|lb|kg|abbr=on}} gun & breech; {{convert|2130|lb|kg|abbr=on}} gun & carriage total[1] |length= |part_length=26 calibers, {{convert|83.2|in|m|sigfig=3}} (bore)[1] |height= |crew= |caliber={{convert|3.2|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=2}} |cartridge=*separate bag charge
|action= |rate= |velocity={{convert|1685|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} |range= |max_range={{convert|6530|yd|m|abbr=on}} |feed= hand |sights= |breech=Interrupted screw, De Bange type[1] |recoil=wheel brakes, no recoil mechanism[1] |carriage=wheeled |elevation=+20° max |traverse= }} The 3.2-inch gun M1897 (81 mm), with its predecessors the M1885 and M1890, was the U.S. Army's first steel, rifled, breech loading field gun. It was the Army's primary field artillery piece in the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War from 1898 to 1902.[1] DesignThis series of weapons was designed to provide a modern alternative to breechloading conversions of the Civil War-era 3-inch Ordnance rifle. It was made of gun steel, stronger than the wrought iron of previous weapons. It fired a {{convert|13.5|lb|abbr=on}} projectile with cast iron, shrapnel, or canister types available.[1] All versions used separately loaded bag charges. The M1885 and M1890 used black powder when first introduced, but the M1897 was redesigned for smokeless powder; the M1890 weapons were then modified for smokeless powder and redesignated M1897s.[1][10] In the Spanish–American War, difficulties were encountered in ramping up production of smokeless powder, so the M1885 and M1890 weapons were deployed to use the available black powder.[1] There was no recoil mechanism, but the carriage's wheel brakes provided some recoil absorption. The M1890 was a simplification of the M1885, with the barrel made from two forgings instead of eight.[2] Service historyThis weapon was the workhorse light artillery piece of the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War from 1898 to 1902. At least 16 were deployed to Cuba in the former conflict. It was also used in the China Relief Expedition in 1900.[1] Beginning in 1902 the 3.2-inch gun was largely replaced in combat units by the 3-inch M1902 field gun. However, 3.2-inch guns lingered in reserve and training roles. During World War I, the Army primarily used the French 75 mm gun instead of its own designs, which were mostly kept in the United States for training. The 3.2-inch guns were declared obsolete and almost all were scrapped beginning in 1919.[1] Surviving examplesAt least 38 of these weapons survive, six in private hands.[1]
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Williford, pp. 15-19 2. ^1 Ordnance, p. 7 3. ^3.2-inch gun in Denver, CO at Waymarking.com 4. ^PDF about 3.2-inch gun in Brookhaven, NY 5. ^War memorials in Burlington, WI 6. ^War memorials in Waterford, WI 7. ^Artillery preserved in Massachusetts by Harold A. Skaarup 8. ^Page on 3.2-inch gun in Flemington, NJ at Barking-Moonbat.com
External links
3 : Artillery of the United States|Field guns|81 mm artillery |
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