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词条 Vespula
释义

  1. Notable species

  2. Species

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Italic title}}{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Vespula
| image = European wasp white bg.jpg
| image_caption= German wasp (Vespula germanica)
| taxon = Vespula
| authority = Thomson, 1869
| type_species = Vespa austriaca
| type_species_authority = Panzer, 1799[1]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =

23 species


| synonyms = *Pseudovespa Schmiedeknecht 1881
  • Allovespula Blüthgen, 1943
  • Rugovespula Archer, 1982

}}

Vespula is a small genus of social wasps, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Along with members of their sister genus Dolichovespula, they are collectively known by the common name yellowjackets (or yellow jackets) in North America. Vespula species have a shorter oculomalar space (shown in the figure below right) and a more pronounced tendency to nest underground than Dolichovespula.

Notable species

  • Two of the common European species, the German wasp (Vespula germanica) and the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), have been established in other countries: both species are now found in New Zealand, Australia and South America, while the former has also been introduced in North America, and the latter in southern Africa.
  • The eastern yellowjacket (Vespula maculifrons) and western yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica) are native to North America.

Species

  • Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918) – forest yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula alascensis Packard, 1870 – common yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula arisana (Sonan, 1929)
  • Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918) – prairie yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula austriaca (Panzer, 1799) – red cuckoo wasp
  • Vespula consobrina (Saussure, 1854) – blackjacket[2]
  • Vespula flaviceps (Smith, 1870)
  • Vespula flavopilosa Jacobson, 1978 – downy yellowjacket[3][2]
  • Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) – German wasp, German yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1991
  • Vespula infernalis (de Saussure, 1854) – cuckoo yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula ingrica Birula, 1931
  • Vespula intermedia (du Buysson, 1904–05) – northern red-banded yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981
  • Vespula koreensis (Rad., 1887)
  • Vespula maculifrons (Buysson, 1905) – eastern yellowjacket
  • Vespula nursei (Archer, 1981)
  • Vespula orbata (Buysson 1902)
  • Vespula orientalis (Linnaeus, 1771) - oriental hornet
  • Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure, 1857) – western yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) – red wasp
  • Vespula rufosignata (Eck, 1998)
  • Vespula shidai (Ish., Yam., Wagn., 1980)
  • Vespula squamosa (Drury, 1770) – southern yellowjacket
  • Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
  • Vespula sulphurea (Saussure, 1854) – California yellowjacket[2]
  • Vespula vidua (de Saussure, 1854)[2]
  • Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – common wasp

See also

  • Paravespula, a subgenus of Vespula

References

1. ^{{cite journal | author1 = James M. Carpenter | author2 = Jun-ichi Kojima | last-author-amp = yes |year = 1997 | title = Checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae) | url = http://research.amnh.org/iz/f/Carpenter_Kojima_1997_ves.pdf | journal = Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University | volume = 1 | pages = 51-92}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vespula, BugGuide
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Jacobson|first=R. S.|last2=Matthews|first2=R. W.|last3=Macdonald|first3=J. F.|date=1978-05-15|title=A Systematic Study of the Vespula vulgaris Group with a Description of a New Yellowjacket Species in Eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)1|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/71.3.299|journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America|language=en|volume=71|issue=3|pages=299–312|doi=10.1093/aesa/71.3.299|issn=0013-8746}}
{{Wikispecies|Vespula}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1065202}}{{Vespidae-stub}}Osa

1 : Vespidae
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