| 词条 | 78K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = 78K Family microcontrollers | image = | image_size = | caption = | produced-start = {{Start date and age|1986| | }} | produced-end = current | slowest = 32 | fastest = 24 | slow-unit = kHz | fast-unit = MHz | fsb-slowest = | fsb-fastest = | fsb-slow-unit = | fsb-fast-unit = | hypertransport-slowest = | hypertransport-fastest = | hypertransport-slow-unit = | hypertransport-fast-unit = | qpi-slowest = | qpi-fastest = | qpi-slow-unit = | qpi-fast-unit = | dmi-slowest = | dmi-fastest = | dmi-slow-unit = | dmi-fast-unit = | size-from = | size-to = | soldby = | designfirm = | manuf1 = Renesas Electronics (formerly NEC) | core1 = | sock1 = | pack1 = | brand1 = | arch = 78K Family | microarch = | instructions = | extensions = | data-width = 16/8 | address-width = 20(24)/16 | virtual-width = | cpuid = | code = | numcores = 1 | l1cache = | l2cache = | l3cache = | l4cache = | llcache = | gpu = | application = Embedded | predecessor = 87AD Family, 17K Family | successor = RL78 Family | co-processor = | variant = 78K0R, 78K0S, 78K0, 78K4, 78K6, 78K3, 78K7, 78K1, 78K2 | pcode1 = }} 78K is the trademark name of 16- and 8-bit microcontroller family[1]{{rp|23{{hyphen}}4{{endash}}23{{hyphen}}5}}[2]{{rp|78}} manufactured by Renesas Electronics, originally developed by NEC[3][4]{{rp|229}} started in 1986.[5]{{rp|7, line 2}} The basis of 78K Family is an accumulator-based register-bank CISC architecture. 78K is a single-chip microcontroller, which usually integrates; program ROM, data RAM, serial interfaces, timers, I/O ports, an A/D converter, an interrupt controller, and a CPU core, on one die.[6][7]{{rp|412}} Its application area is mainly simple mechanical system controls and man-machine interfaces.[8][9][10] Regarding software development tools, C compilers and macro-assemblers are available.[11]{{rp|99}} As for development tool hardware, full probing-pod type and debug port type in-circuit emulators,[12][13] and flash ROM programmers[14]{{rp|22{{endash}}24}} are available. Historically, the family has 11 series with 9 instruction set architectures. As of 2018, 3 instruction set architectures, those are 8-bit 78K0, 8-bit 78K0S, and 16-/8-bit 78K0R, are still promoted for customers' new designs.[14] But in most of cases, migration to RL78 Family,[15] which is a successor of 78K0R and almost binary level compatible with 78K0R,[17]{{rp|20}} is recommended.[16] Variants{{anchor|78K0 Series|78K/0 Series|78K0|78K/0}}78K0 Series{{ill|78K0 Series|de|NEC 78K0-Familie}} (also known as 78K/0) is a long-running 8-bit single chip microcontroller,[17]which is the basis of 78K0S and 78K0R Series. It contains 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. For 16-bit calculating instructions, it performs ALU operation twice. Each instructions are performed serially without instruction pipelining. It has 16-bit 64K Byte address space.[20] Some variants of 78K0 have affordable and compact type 8-bit R-2R D/A converter, which does not have monotonicity because it is not trimmed for adjustment nor followed by operational amplifier. In its earlier stage, the Program Memory was one-time PROM (OTP), UV-EPROM, or mask ROM.[18] But with the times, it became flash memory.[19][20] {{anchor|78K0S Series|78K/0S Series|78K0S|78K/0S}}78K0S Series78K0S Series (also known as 78K/0S) is a low-end version of 78K0.[21][22][26] It has 8× 8-bit registers, but without any banks. In addition, some instructions, such as multiplication and division, are removed from 78K0 instruction set architecture.[23] {{anchor|78K0R Series|78K/0R Series|78K0R|78K/0R}}78K0R Series78K0R Series is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 3-stage instruction pipelining.[24] Its instruction set is similar to 78K0 and covers 16- and 8-bit operations. It has 20-bit 1M Byte address space.[29] 75 instructions out of 80 are identical with that of RL78 Family; its successor.[25]{{rp|20}}[15][32] {{anchor|178K0 Series|178K/0 Series|178K0|178K/0}}178K0 Series178K0 Series (also known as 178K/0) is a successor of NEC's 17K Family 4-bit microcontroller for DTS (Digital Tuning Systems) and remote controls.[33] It integrates 17K family's peripheral functions with the 78K0 8-bit CPU core on a chip.[34] {{anchor|178K0S Series|178K/0S Series|178K0S|178K/0S}}178K0S Series178K0S Series (also known as 178K/0S) is also a successor of 17K Family with the 78K0S CPU core.[35] {{anchor|78K4 Series|78K/4 Series|78K/IV Series|78K-IV Series|78K4|78K/4}}78K4 Series78K4 Series (also known as 78K/4) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 16 and 8-bit operations.[26][27][28][29] It has 16× 8-bit registers ×4 banks, which can be also used for 8× 16-bit registers ×4 banks. Some of these registers can be also used as 24-bit extension for addressing modes.[40] It has 24-bit 16M Byte address space. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions.[30]{{rp|§23.8, 560{{endash}}593}} {{anchor|78K7 Series|78K/7 Series|78K/VII Series|78K-VII Series|78K7|78K/7}}78K7 Series78K7 Series (also known as 78K/7) is a 32-bit single-chip microcontroller with 32, 16 and 8 bit operations. It has 8× 32-bit registers ×16 banks, which can be also used for 16× 16-bit registers ×16 banks and 16× 8-bit registers ×16 banks. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions. It has 24-bit 16M Byte linear address space. It is used for some Quantum Fireball products,[31]{{rp|Photo 2}} but shortly replaced with V850 Family 32-bit RISC microcontrollers. {{anchor|78K6 Series|78K/6 Series|78K/VI Series|78K-VI Series|78K6|78K/6}}78K6 Series78K6 Series (also known as 78K/6) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller. Its life-time was short, and less variants. {{anchor|78K1 Series|78K/1 Series|78K/I Series|78K-I Series|78K1|78K/1}}78K1 Series78K1 Series (also known as 78K/1) is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. 78K1 series is targeted for servo controls of videocassette recorders. μPD78148 sub-series integrates 2 operational amplifiers.[43] {{anchor|78K3 Series|78K/3 Series|78K/III Series|78K-III Series|78K3|78K/3}}78K3 Series78K3 Series (also known as 78K/3) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 16 and 8 bit operations. It has 16× 8-bit ×8 banks, which can be also used for 8× 16-bit registers ×8 banks. Its address space is 16-bit 64K Byte. It is developed as high-end series of 78K Family. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions.[32]{{rp|§13.4, 261{{endash}}280}} This series is used for hard disk drives, especially Quantum Fireball Series.[33] μPD78364 sub-series is used for inverter compressor controls.[34] It is also used for traction control systems of some cars. {{anchor|78K2 Series|78K/2 Series|78K/II Series|78K-II Series|78K2|78K/2}}78K2 Series78K2 Series (also known as 78K/2) is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. It is developed as general purpose series of 78K Family.[47] Predecessors{{anchor|87AD Family|87AD Series|87AD}}87AD Family87AD Family[4]{{rp|229}} is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. Its instruction set architecture became the basis of 78K.[49] {{anchor|17K Family|17K}}17K Family17K Family[4]{{rp|229}} is a 4-bit single-chip microcontroller, especially dedicated for DTS (Digital Tuning Systems) and remote controls. It has 2 plane of 128× 4-bit register files, and sophisticated fully orthogonal instruction set. This instruction set is completely different from that of 78K Family.[33] Table list of 78K Family
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Oklobdzija|first1=Vojin G.|title=The Computer Engineering Handbook|date=2001|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849308857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38Aj3CjHgc8C&pg=SA23-PA4&dq=NEC+78K|language=en}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Lewin A. R. W.|title=So, You Wanna be an Embedded Engineer: The Guide to Embedded Engineering, from Consultancy to the Corporate Ladder|date=2006|publisher=Newnes|isbn=9780750679534|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UE4p3CbTyiEC&pg=PA78&dq=NEC+78K|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=78k {{!}} The CPU Shack Museum|url=http://www.cpushack.com/tag/78k/|website=www.cpushack.com}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Parai|first1=Manas Kumar|last2=Das|first2=Banasree|last3=Das|first3=Gautam|title=An Overview of Microcontroller Unit: From Proper Selection to Specific Application|journal=International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)|date=January 2013|volume=2|issue=6|pages=228{{endash}}231|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/70c2/9b9182f7aa91d84aa098e4412d2d3fe81a92.pdf|issn=2231-2307}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=NECエレクトロニクス 8ビットマイコンのあゆみ|trans-title=History of 8-bit microcontrollers of NEC Electronics|publisher=Sunhayato Corp.|url=http://www.sunhayato.co.jp/dcms_media/other/AppNote_78K_SG12024.pdf|language=ja}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=microcontroller|url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/microcontroller|website=The Free Dictionary}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Oklobdzija|first1=Vojin G.|title=Digital Systems and Applications|date=2017|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781351838108|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dApEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT412&dq=NEC+78K|language=en}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=NEC Electronics Introduces 12 New 16-bit All Flash Microcontrollers with LCD Controller/Driver Circuit|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090116005850/en/NEC-Electronics-Introduces-12-New-16-bit-Flash|language=en|date=2009-01-16|publisher=Business Wire}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Garcia|first1=Pedro Castillo|last2=Lozano|first2=Rogelio|last3=Dzul|first3=Alejandro Enrique|title=Modelling and Control of Mini-Flying Machines|date=2006|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781846281792|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_aCpKOQgdYEC&pg=PA227&dq=NEC+78K|language=en}} 10. ^Archived: {{cite web|title=MPU & MCU {{!}} Renesas Electronics|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007201011/http://www.renesas.com/products/mpumcu/index.jsp|date=7 October 2012}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Emilio|first1=Maurizio Di Paolo|title=Embedded Systems Design for High-Speed Data Acquisition and Control|date=2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319068657|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NixnBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=Renesas+78K|language=en}} 12. ^{{cite web|author1=Electronic Specifier|title=NEC Electronics' new 78K Primer Kit|url=https://www.electronicspecifier.com/micros/nec-electronics-europe-announces-new-78k-primer-kit|website=www.electronicspecifier.com|language=en|date=2009-04-19}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Bender|first1=Klaus|last2=Jack|first2=Peter|last3=Koç|first3=Ali|last4=Péter|first4=Istvan|last5=Megyeri|first5=Gergely|title=Qualitätssicherung eingebetteter Software : Methoden und Best-Practices : [FUSIM]|date=2001|publisher=Herbert Utz Verlag|location=München|isbn=9783831600243|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tje5A39Ln-YC&pg=PA72&dq=NEC+78K|language=de}} 14. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=Renesas MPUs & MCUs 78K MCU Selection Guide|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=r01cl0007e&genre=document}} 15. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Dean|first1=Alexander G.|last2=Conrad|first2=James M.|title=Creating Fast, Responsive and Energy-Efficient Embedded Systems using the Renesas RL78 Microcontroller|date=2012|publisher=Micrium Press|location=1290 Weston Road, Suite 306 Weston, FL 33326 USA|isbn=9781935772989|url=https://people.engr.ncsu.edu/agdean/Books/Dean_Conrad_CFREE_ES_RL78_2nd_Ed_dist.pdf}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=Renesas Electronics Introduces the New RL78 Microcontroller Family to Deliver Solutions for Next-Generation 8-/16-bit Embedded Applications|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/about/press-center/news/2010/news20101117.html|work=Renesas Electronics}} 17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hausmann|first1=G.|last2=Gebing|first2=E.|title=The realisation of specific automotive applications with "Full" CAN functionality at "Basic" CAN cost on highly integrated 8-Bit microcontroller of NEC's 78K/0 family.|journal=4th International CAN Conference, ICC.|date=1997|volume=97|pages=4{{hyphen}}02{{endash}}11|url=https://can-cia.org/fileadmin/resources/documents/proceedings/1997_hausmann.pdf|language=en}} 18. ^Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78054,78054Y Subseries User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u11747e&genre=document}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=NEC launches 14 new 8-bit MCUs for automotive dashboard applications {{!}} EE Times|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1270518|website=EETimes}} 20. ^Renesas official: {{cite book|title=78K0/Dx2 User's Manual: Hardware|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=r01uh0009e&genre=document}} 21. ^{{cite book|last1=Suzuki|first1=Tetsuya|title=Google Translate - Introduction site of: Cコンパイラで遊ぶ78K0Sマイコン|trans-title=Play with the C compiler 78K0S microcomputer|date=2007-06-22|publisher=Socym Co,.Ltd.|website=www.socym.co.jp|location=Tokyo, Japan|isbn=9784883375394|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socym.co.jp%2Fbook%2F539|language=ja}} 22. ^{{cite book|last1=Skorobogatov|first1=Sergei|title=Flash Memory 'Bumping' Attacks|journal=Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, CHES 2010|volume=6225|date=17 August 2010|pages=158–172|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-15031-9_11|isbn=9783642150319|url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-15031-9_11.pdf|publisher=Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg|language=en|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science}} 23. ^Renesas official: {{cite web|title=Difference on 78K0 and 78K0S in 8-bit All Flash microcontrollers.|url=https://en-us.knowledgebase.renesas.com/English_Content/MCUMPU/Basic_Information/Difference_on_78K0_and_78K0S_in_8-bit_All_Flash_microcontrollers.|website=Renesas Electronics - Knowledgebase|date=28 June 2016}} 24. ^{{cite book|last1=Kim|first1=Dahoo|last2=Hida|first2=Itaru|last3=Fukuda|first3=Eric S.|last4=Asai|first4=Tetsuya|last5=Motomura|first5=Masato|title=A Study of Transparent On-chip Instruction Cache for NV Microcontrollers|journal=The Seventh International Conference on Advances in Circuits, Electronics and Micro-electronics|date=November 2014|pages=26{{endash}}29|issn=2308-426X|isbn=978-1-61208-379-7|citeseerx=10.1.1.676.6935}} 25. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=Porting guide from 78K0R/FC3 to RL78/F14|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=r01an2639e&genre=document}} 26. ^{{cite book|title=JPRS Report: Science & technology. Japan|date=1994|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service|page=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5Uf6Y2h5z0C&q=The%2078K%2FIV%20has%20upward%20compatibility|quote= The 78K/IV has upward compatibility regarding the instruction sets of the existing 78K/0, 78K/II and 78K/III. Major features of the 78K/IV are: 1) linear addressing of 16 M bytes, 2) wide operative voltage = 2.7-6.0 V, 3) efficient power management, 4) instruction sets for C compiler. NEC has developed the 1st product “puPD784026 subseries” that has upward-compatible peripheral functions of the 78K/II series.}} 27. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ohuchi|first1=Mitsurou|last2=Kawata|first2=Kazuhide|last3=Akiyama|first3=Shin-ichiro|last4=Imamura|first4=Hirohisa|last5=Fukushima|first5=Kiyoshi|last6=Ishizaki|first6=Norihiko|last7=Imamizu|first7=Jun-ichi|last8=Mori|first8=Takehiko|last9=Ono|first9=Hirohihiko|last10=Nakata|first10=Shigeru|title=16ビットシングルチップマイクロコンピュ-タ78K/4シリ-ズ (半導体デバイス)|journal=NEC Technical Journal|date=1994|volume=47|issue=3|pages=122–127|url=https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40004409555|trans-title=16-Bit Single Chip Microcomputer 78K/IV Series.}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=NEC: News Release 96/10/30-01|url=http://www.nec.co.jp/press/en/9610/3001.html|website=www.nec.co.jp}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=Micro Controller (Data Part)|url=https://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~yuen/204323/mc/data.html#PD784908|website=www.cpe.ku.ac.th}} 30. ^Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD784908 Subseries Hardware (Preliminary)|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u11787e&genre=document}} 31. ^{{cite web|last1=Lui|first1=Dr. Gough|title=Salvage: Quantum Fireball 1280Mb AT Hard Drive|url=http://goughlui.com/2013/08/16/salvage-quantum-fireball-1280mb-at-hard-drive/|website=Gough's Tech Zone|date=16 August 2013|at=Phto 2}} 32. ^Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78334 User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u12687e&genre=document}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=Software repair of hard disks HDD (Google Translate)|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phantom.sannata.ru%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Ft%3D25382%26p%3D421026|website=www.phantom.sannata.ru|publisher=4X_Pro|language=ru}} 34. ^Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78366A Hardware|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u10205e&genre=document}} 35. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=RL78 family User's Manual: Software|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=r01us0015e&genre=document}} 36. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=78K0R Microcontrollers User's Manual: Instructions|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=r01us0029e&genre=document}} 37. ^1 2 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=78K/0S Series for Instructions|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=U11047E&genre=document}} 38. ^1 2 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=78K/0 Series for Instructions|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u12326e&genre=document}} 39. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD179327 Subseries User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u16995e&genre=document}} 40. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD178024 Subseries User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u13915e&genre=document}} 41. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=78K/IV Series Instructions|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u10905e&genre=document}} 42. ^{{cite book|title=787012 User's Manual Hardware Edition (1994)|publisher=NEC|url=http://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=563c23b9c6a41799725e03dcb9d243097acc63&type=O&query=UPD78P7012}} 43. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78148 User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=U10080E&genre=document}} 44. ^Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78356 Instructions|publisher=Renesas Electrnics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u12117e&genre=document}} 45. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78234 Sub-Series Hardware|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=ieu-1290&genre=document}} 46. ^1 Renesas official: {{cite book|title=87AD Series UPD78C18 User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u10199e&genre=document}} 47. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=17K 4-bit Microcontroller Data Book (1992)|publisher=NEC|url=https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_necdataBoorocontrollerDataBook_25457566}} External links
2 : NEC microprocessors|Renesas microcontrollers |
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