| 词条 | 8"/35 caliber gun | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=8"/35 caliber Mark 3 & 4 / 8"/40 caliber Mark 5 Naval Gun |image=8 inch 35 caliber Mark 4 USS Indiana.jpg |caption=Crewmen standing atop {{USS|Indiana|BB-1|6}} forward port side 8-inch gun turret, circa the later 1890s. |origin=United States |type=Naval gun |is_ranged=YES |is_bladed= |is_explosive= |is_artillery=YES |is_vehicle= |service=
|used_by={{Flag|United States Navy}} |wars=
|designer=Bureau of Ordnance |design_date=1889 |manufacturer=U.S. Naval Gun Factory |production_date= |number=
|variants=Marks 3–5 |weight=
|length=
|part_length=
|width= |height= |crew= |cartridge={{cvt|260|lb}} armor-piercing |caliber={{cvt|8|in|mm|sigfig=3}} |action= |rate=
|velocity=
|range=Marks 3 & 4: {{cvt|16000|yd|0}} at 20.1° elevation |max_range= |feed= |sights= |breech= |recoil= |carriage= |elevation=
|traverse=
}} The 8"/35 caliber gun Mark 3 and Mark 4 (spoken "eight-inch-thirty-five--caliber") were used for the main batteries of the United States Navy's first armored cruisers and the secondary batteries for their first battleships, the {{sclass-|Indiana|battleship|0}}. The 8"/40 caliber gun Mark 5 initially armed the {{sclass-|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} armored cruisers.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}} Mark 3The Mark 3 Experimental was a 30 caliber gun that used trunnions and had 11 hoops with the outer hoop starting {{cvt|4|in}} from the breech and running out to the muzzle. The Mark 3s consisted of gun Nos. 9 – 27, 33 – 37, and 51. The production Mark 3 Mod 0 had removable trunnions, {{cvt|96|-|97|in}} from the breech, 35 caliber gun that had 11 hoops with the outer hoop starting 4 inches from the breech and running out to {{cvt|43.5|in}} from the muzzle. This gun was removed from service prior to World War I. The Mark 3 Mod 1 was constructed of tube, jacket and eight hoops while Mod 2 was identical to Mod 1 but with different steps under the chase hoops. Mod 3 was, for one gun, lengthened to 40 calibers and was removed from service prior to the start of World War I. Mod 4 was, also for one gun only, different from other Mods in having a ring shrunk onto the breech end, tapering the breech, and with a small balancing hoop screwed onto the front chase hoop. Mod 5 had the trunnions removed and the outer jacket threaded to accept a sleeve. Mod 6, gun Nos. 52 and 82 – 83, were constructed of nickel-steel in a simplified three-piece construction.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}}{{sfn|Friedman|2011|p=173}} Mark 4The Mark 4s were Nos. 22 – 32, 38 – 50, and 52 – 83. The original Mark 4 Mod 0 guns were identical to Mark 3 Mod 1 guns with the trunnion hoop and elevating band removed and with the threads formerly under the trunnion hoop being continued to the rear of the gun. This allowed these guns to be screwed into the sleeve of a two-gun turret mount. Mark 4 Mod 1 was one Mark 4 gun, No. 27, shortened by {{cvt|0.66|in}} in rear of the threads. Mods 2 through 9 were for minor differences primarily for testing different mounting techniques. Mod 10 was for one gun cut down to 23 calibers and used for experimental work with high-explosive shells. Mod 11 was a Mod 4 gun, No. 72, with an alloy steel liner, uniformed rifling and modified chamber.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}}{{sfn|Friedman|2011|p=173}} Mark 5The Mark 5, Nos. 84 – 107, was a new 40 caliber design intended for armored cruisers and battleship secondaries and constructed of tube, jacket, three hoops and one locking ring. This gun had a muzzle bell. Unfortunately, the Mark 5 proved to be unable to handle the transition from black powder to nitrocellulose propellants as the new propellant burned more slowly, which allowed pressure to build up to unsafe levels as the projectile traveled down the bore. This problem was illustrated when {{USS|Colorado|ACR-7|2}} blew off the muzzle of one of her Mark 5 guns during gunnery practice off Chefoo, Shantung, on 22 June 1907. All Mark 5 guns were subsequently removed from service by 1908, lengthened to 45 calibers by adding a new liner and rehooped to the muzzle, redesignated as Mod 1 and then placed into reserve. Two of these Mod 1 guns were given a slightly different breech mechanism and gas seat and then designated as Mod 2. Pennsylvania-class cruisers were subsequently rearmed with the stronger 8-in/45 caliber Mark 6 guns.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}}{{sfn|Friedman|2011|p=173}} Naval Service
See also
NotesReferences{{refbegin}}
| last=Friedman | first=Norman | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yh3OAwAAQBAJ | title=Naval Weapons of World War One | publisher=Seaforth Publishing | authorlink=Norman Friedman | year=2011 | pages=173 | isbn=978 1 84832 100 7 | ref=harv
|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_8-35_mk3.php |title=United States of America 8"/35 (20.3 cm) Marks 3 and 4 8"/40 (20.3 cm) Mark 5 |publisher=Navweaps |date=29 July 2016 |accessdate=15 October 2016 |ref={{sfnRef|Navweaps|2016}}{{refend}} External links
2 : Naval guns of the United States|203 mm artillery |
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