| 词条 | 8.8 cm Flak 18 (SFL) auf Zukraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz 8) |
| 释义 |
| name = 8.8 cm Flak 18 (SFL) auf Zukraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz 8) | image = | caption = 8.8cm Bunkerflak in action | origin = {{flag|Nazi Germany}} | type = Self-propelled gun | is_vehicle = yes | service = 1938–1943 | used_by = {{flag|Nazi Germany}} | wars = World War II | designer = | design_date = 1938 | manufacturer = Krupp | production_date = 1938 | number = 10 | variants = | spec_label = DB 9 | weight = {{convert|20|t|ton}} | length = {{convert|7.35|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | part_length = | width = {{convert|2.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|2.8|m|ft}} | crew = 2+ gun crew | armour = ({{convert|14.5|mm|in}}) on cab and engine | primary_armament = 8.8cm Flak 18 | secondary_armament = | engine = Maybach HL 85 TUKRM 8.5L 12-cylinder water-cooled petrol | engine_power = {{convert|185|hp|PS}} | transmission = 4 + 1 speed ZF | payload_capacity = {{convert|2550|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | fuel_capacity = {{convert|250|l|USgal}} | pw_ratio = | suspension = torsion bar | clearance = {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} | vehicle_range = {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} road {{convert|125|km|mi|abbr=on}} cross-country | speed = {{convert|51|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} road {{convert|21|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} cross-country }} The 8.8 cm Flak 18 (SFL) auf Zukraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz 8), also known as the Bunkerflak or Bufla was a German Wehrmacht Self-propelled gun developed before World War II and used in limited numbers during the war. It was used during the Invasion of Poland but is best known for its use during the Battle of France, where it was the only German self-propelled gun capable of destroying the heavier Allied tanks such as the French Char B1 and the British Matilda II. Remaining vehicles were used on the Eastern Front. The last Bufla was destroyed in 1943. DescriptionThe 8.8 cm Flak 18 (SFL) auf Zukraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz 8) consisted of a 8.8cm Flak 18 gun mounted on a pedestal in the rear of a Sd.Kfz. 8 half-track heavy artillery tractor ("DB s8" or "DB 9" model). A gun shield was provided for the 88, but the gun crew had no other protection. The driver's cab was replaced by a lower, armored cupola and the engine compartment was lightly ({{convert|14.5|mm|in}}) armored. The upper body had a crew compartment with three bench seats, one for the driver and his assistant, and two others for the gun crew. The gun was mounted behind the crew compartment. It could fire directly ahead without any problem, but traverse was limited to 151° to each side by the gun shield. Elevation was between -3° and +15°. The windshield could fold forward and was also removable.[1] Design and developmentIn the mid-1930s, most modern armies had standardized on anti-tank guns ranging from 37 mm to 45 mm. While adequate to knock out the tanks of the period, their relatively small, high-velocity rounds were ineffective against fortifications, even when high explosive ammunition was available for them. When planning for a war with Czechoslovakia, the German army needed a vehicle that could reduce armored gun turrets and concrete bunkers. Experience with the Flak 18 during the Spanish Civil War showed that it was effective against land targets such as bunkers and vehicles as well as against aircraft. For this reason, the Army Weapons Office asked for a more mobile version of Rheinmetall's 8.8cm anti-aircraft gun. Daimler-Benz combined the best of both designs in the DB s7 prototype which appeared in 1934. It used the same engine as the ZD.5, but otherwise bore little resemblance to the older model other than an upper body that had two bench seats for the crew behind the driver's seat. This upper body remained the same over the life of the Sd.Kfz. 8. It weighed {{convert|14.4|t|ton}} and could pull loads of {{convert|12|t|ton}}. An improved version was introduced in 1936 as the DB s8. The heavier ({{convert|15|t|ton}}) DB 9 model appeared in 1938. It used the Maybach HL 85 TUKRM engine, could carry an {{convert|800|kg|lb}} payload and could tow a {{convert|14|t|ton}} load. Daimler-Benz tried unsuccessfully to use their diesel OM 48/1 engine, but it was repeatedly rejected by the Army Weapons Office. The DB 10 was a refined version of the DB 9 and was introduced in October 1939 and was produced for the duration of the war.[2] VariantsTen 8.8 cm Flak 18 anti-aircraft guns were mounted on pedestals on DB s8 and DB 9 chassis in 1939 as the 8.8 cm Flak 18 (Sfl.) auf Zugkraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz. 8) for anti-tank duties. A gun shield was provided for the 88, but the gun crew had no other protection. The driver's cab was replaced by a lower, armored cupola and the engine compartment was lightly ({{convert|14.5|mm|in}}) armored. The vehicle weighed {{convert|20|t|ton}}, was {{convert|7.35|m|ft}} long, {{convert|2.8|m|ft}} tall and {{convert|2.65|m|ft}} wide.[3] The gun could fire directly ahead without any problem, but traverse was limited to 151° to each side by the gun shield. Elevation was between -3° and +15°. All ten were assigned to the first company of the anti-tank battalion Panzerjäger-Abteilung 8 which participated in the Invasion of Poland in 1939, the Battle of France in 1940 and Operation Barbarossa in 1941. The company was redesignated as Panzerjäger-Kompanie ("Anti-Tank Company") 601 in January 1942 and then as the third company of Anti-Tank Battalion 559 the following April. It reported that the last three vehicles had been lost by March 1943.[4] Production and useDaimler-Benz and Krupp were the main builders of the Sd.Kfz. 8 during the war, but Krauss-Maffei produced 315 in 1940–41 and Škoda joined in the last years of the war. 1615 were on hand on 20 December 1942. 507 were built in 1943 and 602 in 1944. Approximately 4000 were built in total.[5] The Sd.Kfz. 8 was used by Czechoslovakia after the war, but it is not known if production continued at Škoda or when they were finally discarded.[6]Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^Spielberger, p. 79 2. ^Spielberger, pp. 85-6 3. ^Chamberlain and Doyle, p. 186 4. ^{{cite book|last=Jentz|first=Thomas L.|others=Doyle, Hilary Louis|title=Panzerjaeger (3.7 cm Tak to Sfl. Ic): Development and Employment from 1927 to 1941|publisher=Panzer Tracts|location=Boyds, MD|date=2004|series=Panzer Tracts|volume=7-1|pages=28–31|isbn=0-9744862-3-X}} 5. ^Spielberger, p. 86 6. ^Spielberger, p. 85
External links{{Commons category|Sonderkraftfahrzeug 8|SdKfz 8}}{{WWIIGermanAFVs}}Category:World War II half-tracksCategory:Half-tracks of Germany |
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