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词条 8th Summit of the Americas
释义

  1. Background

  2. Events

     13 April   14 April  

  3. Delegation leaders

  4. References

{{Infobox summit
| summit_name = 8th Summit of the Americas
VIII Cumbre de las Américas
| image = 8th Summit of the Americas logo.png
| caption =
| country = Peru
| cities = Lima
| date = April 13–14, 2018
| follows = 7th Summit of the Americas
| precedes = 9th Summit of the Americas
}}

The eighth Summit of the Americas was held in Lima, Peru, from April 13–14, 2018. The main focus of the summit was anti-corruption following the outbreak of the Odebrecht scandal, which affected numerous countries in the region, while attention was also put upon the crisis in Venezuela.[1]

Background

The 2015 Summit of the Americas in Panama was held in a positive atmosphere, largely thanks to Barack Obama's normalization of relations with Cuba, which was welcomed by the rest of the Western Hemisphere as a long-overdue rectification of a Cold War relic, considering that Latin American leaders, especially those in Bolivia and Venezuela, warned at the 2012 Summit of the Americas in Cartagena, Colombia, that the holding the 2015 summit was impossible without Cuba's participation.[2][3]

However, Donald Trump in June 2017 announced a reinvigorated hardline towards Cuba by banning U.S. business transactions with Cuban companies run by the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces and imposing some restrictions on Americans' travel to Cuba (banning Americans from visiting military-run establishments).[4] He has also imposed economic sanctions against Venezuela, arguing President Nicolas Maduro's disrespect for his country's democratic institutions.[5]

On February 13, 2018, Peru revoked Venezuela's invitation to the Summit because of Maduro's plan to hold an early presidential election, as the major opposing parties were banned from it.[6] Maduro insisted that he would attend the summit anyway, but eventually declined from doing so on April 10.[7] Delsa Solórzano would represent Venezuela in the summit instead. Solórzano is a deputy and the Vice President of A New Era, an opposition political party.[8] On April 10, 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump stated he would not attend the Summit in order to focus on the fallout of the Douma chemical attack. Vice President Mike Pence attended in his place.[9]

Events

13 April

The President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno visited Peru, but left a short time before the summit could start. A hostage crisis at the Colombian border caused the suspected death of two journalists, and he announced that he would take military action unless the captors proved otherwise within a 12-hours time frame.[10]

U.S. Vice President Mike Pence announced that the United States Department of State and United States Agency for International Development would provide $16 million to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to fund aid for Venezuelan refugees in Brazil and Colombia affected during the Bolivarian diaspora.[11]

14 April

Many of the countries present at the summit condemned the Bolivarian Government of Venezuela, specifically embattled President Nicolás Maduro, and made statements rejecting the recognition of upcoming presidential elections. Vice President of the United States Mike Pence stated, "Every free nation gathered here must take action to isolate the Maduro regime. We must all stand with our brothers and sisters suffering in Venezuela", blaming Cuba for creating and defending corrupt governments in Latin America. Venezuela's allies Bolivia and Cuba defended President Maduro, criticizing his ban from the summit. Foreign Minister of Cuba Bruno Rodríguez called the United States a racist country while also criticizing the bombing of Damascus and Homs and the gun politics in the United States.[1]

Countries also signed the "Lima Commitment" to agree on methods of combatting corruption in the region, with the proposal to create multi-national mechanisms of cooperation and anti-graft laws. Some countries such as Bolivia stated that the document would be used to "topple legitimate governments", comparing it to the war on drugs, with Bolivian president Evo Morales stating that the United States was the "main threat against democracy, against peace, against freedom".[1]

Delegation leaders

 Summary of attending leaders
CountryDelegation leader
Antigua and Barbuda}}Prime Minister Gaston Browne
Argentina}}President Mauricio Macri
Bahamas}}Prime Minister Hubert Minnis
Barbados}}Prime Minister Freundel Stuart
Belize}}Prime Minister Dean Barrow
Bolivia}}President Evo Morales
Brazil}}President Michel Temer
Canada}}Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
Chile}}President Sebastián Piñera
Colombia}}President Juan Manuel Santos
Costa Rica}}President Luis Guillermo Solís
Cuba}}Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez[12]
Dominica}}Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic}}President Danilo Medina
Ecuador}}President Lenín Moreno
El Salvador}}Foreign Minister Hugo Martínez Bonilla[13]
Grenada}}Prime Minister Keith Mitchell
Guatemala}}Vice President Jafeth Cabrera[14]
Guyana}}President David A. Granger
Haiti}}President Jovenel Moïse
Honduras}}President Juan Orlando Hernández
Jamaica}}Prime Minister Andrew Holness
Mexico}}President Enrique Peña Nieto
Nicaragua}}President Daniel Ortega
Panama}}President Juan Carlos Varela
Paraguay}}President Horacio Cartes
Peru}}President Martín Vizcarra
Saint Kitts and Nevis}}Prime Minister Timothy Harris
Saint Lucia}}Prime Minister Allen Chastanet
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
Suriname}}President Dési Bouterse
Trinidad and Tobago}}Prime Minister Keith Rowley
United States}}Vice President Mike Pence
Uruguay}}President Tabaré Vázquez
Venezuela}}Deputy Delsa Solórzano[15][16]

References

1. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/article208920324.html?anf=NATION_AND_WORLD|title=Washington and Cuba butt heads over Venezuela at heated Americas summit|work=miamiherald|access-date=2018-04-15|language=en}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/04/2012415202912826108.html|title=Americas summit ends in acrimony|website=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=7 March 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/cuba/11517830/Cuban-dissident-arrested-on-arrival-at-Panamas-Summit-of-the-Americas.html|title=Cuban dissident arrested on arrival at Panama's Summit of the Americas|first=Harriet|last=Alexander|date=6 April 2015|publisher=|accessdate=7 March 2018|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/359354-trumps-cuba-policy-allows-airbnb-stays-for-americans|title=Trump tightens limits on personal travel, business ties to Cuba|first=Kim|last=Dixon|date=8 November 2017|publisher=|accessdate=7 March 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/08/25/executive-order-trump-imposes-new-round-venezuela-sanctions/601667001/|title=With executive order, Trump imposes new round of Venezuela sanctions|publisher=|accessdate=7 March 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.wjhl.com/news/summit-host-yanks-venezuelas-invitation-over-early-election/972401309|title= Summit host yanks Venezuela's invitation over early election|author= |date= February 13, 2018|publisher= WJHL|accessdate=March 22, 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web |url= https://perureports.com/2018/04/10/nicolas-maduro-says-he-will-not-be-attending-summit-of-americas-in-lima/|title= Nicolás Maduro says he will not be attending Summit of Americas in Lima|author= |date= April 10, 2018|publisher= Peru Reports|accessdate=April 10, 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web |url= https://perureports.com/2018/04/10/venezuela-will-be-present-summit-of-the-americas-but-its-not-maduro/|title= Venezuela will be present at Summit of the Americas, but it’s not Maduro|author= Frances Jenner|date= April 10, 2018|publisher= Peru Reports|accessdate=April 10, 2018}}
9. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-cancels-trip-latin-america-crisis-syria.html?smid=fb-nytimes&smtyp=cu "Trump Cancels Trip to Latin America, Citing Crisis in Syria"]. The New York Times. April 10, 2018.
10. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/ecuadors-president-leaves-summit-amid-hostage-crisis/2018/04/12/4dbf03ee-3eb0-11e8-955b-7d2e19b79966_story.html?noredirect=on|title= Ecuador’s president says kidnapped journalists likely killed|author= Gonzalo Solano and Joshua Goodman|date= April 13, 2018|publisher= Washington Post|accessdate=April 13, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite news|last1=Greenwood|first1=Max|title=Pence announces $16M in aid for refugees fleeing Venezuela|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/383126-pence-announces-16m-in-aid-for-those-fleeing-venezuela|accessdate=14 April 2018|work=TheHill|date=13 April 2018|language=en}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-04-13/cubas-castro-joins-trump-in-skipping-americas-summit|title=Cuba's Castro Joins Trump in Skipping Americas Summit}}, usnews.com. April 13, 2018.
13. ^[https://www.verdaddigital.com/index.php/nacional/24162-24162-canciller-hugo-martinez-representara-a-el-salvador-en-cumbre-de-las-americas-r "Canciller Hugo Martínez representará a El Salvador en Cumbre de las Américas"], verdaddigital (in Spanish). April 12, 2018.
14. ^Jimmy Morales delega en el vicepresidente la Cumbre de las Américas, eleconomista.net, 2018/04/09.
15. ^{{cite news|title=Delsa Solórzano representará a Venezuela en la Cumbre de las Américas|url=http://globovision.com/article/delsa-solorzano-en-camino-a-la-cumbre-de-las-americas-en-representacion-de-venezuela|publisher=Globovision|accessdate=10 April 2018}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Perú ratificó invitación a Borges para Cumbre de las Américas|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/politica/peru-ratifico-invitacion-borges-para-cumbre-las-americas_228756|publisher=el Nacional|accessdate=28 March 2018}}
{{s-start}}{{s-bef|before= 7th Summit of the Americas }}{{s-ttl|title=Summits of the Americas|years= 2018
Lima, Peru}}{{s-aft|after=}}{{s-end}}{{Summits of the Americas}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Summit Of The Americas 2018}}

11 : Organization of American States|Politics of the Americas|21st-century diplomatic conferences|2018 conferences|2018 in international relations|2018 in North America|2018 in South America|2018 in Peru|Diplomatic conferences in Peru|21st century in Lima|April 2018 events in South America
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