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词条 Aaron Persky
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Legal career

  3. Judicial career

      Turner sentencing criticism  Repercussions to Persky  Revisit of previous civil case of alleged rape 

  4. 2018 recall

  5. References

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| birth_name = Michael Aaron Persky
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1962}}[1][2][3]
| birth_place = Berkeley, California[4]
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University of California, Berkeley
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| data1 = Santa Clara County Superior Court
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}}Michael Aaron Persky is an American attorney and former judge who sat on the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara bench from 2003 to 2018.[5] He gained international attention after his ruling in the case People v. Turner, in which he sentenced Stanford University swimmer, Brock Turner, to 6 months in prison for the sexual assault and attempted rape of an unconscious 22-year old woman.[6][7] Despite allegations that race, gender, and class bias influenced his lenient sentencing of Turner (prosecutors had asked for six years), the California Commission on Judicial Performance found no wrongdoing.[8][9] Nonetheless, Persky was recalled by voters on June 5, 2018 during the 2018 California primary elections.[10][11]

Prior to joining the bench, he practiced civil litigation for five years and was a prosecutor in Santa Clara County for six years.

Early life and education

Michael Aaron Persky was born in 1962.[12] His father, Murray Persky, was a psychiatrist of Jewish descent.[13] His mother, Susan Elder, was a French teacher.[14] His paternal grandparents owned a poultry business.[13] He grew up in San Francisco, California.[14]

Persky graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Stanford University[15] in 1984[16] with a bachelor's degree in international relations.[17] He was the captain of the Stanford men's lacrosse team,[15] a club sport.[16] He received a master's degree in international policy studies from Stanford[17] in 1985.[16]

He graduated from the UC Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall) in 1990[16] and was admitted to the bar in California in the same year.[12] After college, he played for the Berkeley club lacrosse team, for which he was also a captain.

Legal career

Persky worked for the law firm of Morrison & Foerster, practicing corporate civil litigation.[15][18] While in private practice, he received the California Association of Human Relations Organizations' Civil Rights Leadership Award for work on hate crimes, and the State Bar of California's Wiley Manuel Pro Bono Award for his pro bono work for the poor.[18]

In 1997, Persky joined the Santa Clara District Attorney's Office.[18] In this position, he prosecuted criminal offenses which included violent sex crimes and hate crimes. He served on the executive committee of the Support Network for Battered Women and the Santa Clara County Network for a Hate-Free Community.[15]

By 2003, Persky was a deputy district attorney in the Santa Clara District Attorney's Office and prosecuted juvenile offenders; he was also a member of the DA's Juvenile Wards Team.[15]

Judicial career

In 2002, Persky unsuccessfully ran for a seat on the Superior Court of California in Santa Clara County,[15] losing to Ron Del Pozzo, who was also a deputy DA.[17][19] Persky received 102,801 votes (47.9%), to Del Pozzo's 111,679 votes (52.1%) for Seat 16 on the court.[19] In his 2002 run, Persky was endorsed by the Santa Clara County Bar Association (and its Women Lawyers Committee)[17] and by the San Jose Mercury News, while Del Pozzo received the endorsement of Sheriff Laurie Smith, U.S. Representatives Zoe Lofgren and Mike Honda, and the AFL-CIO. Both candidates ran a positive race.[19]

Persky received an appointment to the court from California Governor Gray Davis the following year.[15]

He is the former Chair of the Court's Community Outreach Committee.[20]

In June 2016, Persky was elected without opposition for another six-year term on the bench.[21] The vast majority of Santa Clara County judges—25 in total—ran unopposed in 2016.[17][22]

Turner sentencing criticism

{{Main|People v. Turner}}{{undue weight section|date=January 2017}}

In 2016, Persky received international media attention and widespread criticism for sentencing Brock Allen Turner, a 20-year-old Stanford student convicted of three felony counts of sexual assault, to six months in jail and three years of probation.[15] The statutory maximum sentence was fourteen years; prosecutors sought a six-year term, while the Santa Clara County Probation Department, in its presentence investigation report, recommended a six-month term in county jail, and the defense asked for a four-month term in county jail.[23][45] During sentencing, Persky said he considered the factors noted by the Probation Office and the "severe impact" of imprisonment on the defendant's life.[45]

Some legal experts viewed the sentence in the case as unusually light.[22][45] Subsequently, District Attorney Rosen filed a peremptory challenge to Persky presiding over the criminal trial of a surgical nurse charged with sexual battery.[24] One juror in the Turner case wrote to Persky that his sentence was "ridiculously lenient" and made a "mockery" of the entire trial.[25] Danny Cevallos, a Pennsylvania-based criminal defense lawyer and CNN legal analyst, said that while the sentence was lenient, Turner's prior clean record made him a candidate for minimum sentencing.[26] (Following the controversy, the Associated Press analyzed 20 cases where Persky had passed sentence since January 2015 and found that Persky had followed the sentencing recommendation of the probation department every time.)[27]

On December 19, 2016, the California Commission on Judicial Performance cleared Persky of any wrongdoing in the Turner sentence.[28][29]

Repercussions to Persky

Although he did not face any opposition in an election held five days after the sentencing, Persky lost his seat in a June 5, 2018 recall election. Online petitions calling for Persky to be removed attracted over a million signatures by June 10, 2016.[30] Professor Michele Dauber, a sociologist at the Stanford Law School and longtime advocate on campus sexual assault,[31] who is also a family friend of the victim, led the Committee to Recall Judge Persky. The Committee planned to collect signatures in Santa Clara County to force a November 2017 recall vote.[32] The demands received support from Representative Ted Poe (R-Texas), who took to the floor of the United States House of Representatives to condemn Turner's sentence as too lenient and to call for Persky's removal.[33]

Persky had also been a student and lacrosse team captain at Stanford University.[34]

Santa Clara County district attorney Jeff Rosen said "Judicial independence is a critical part of the U.S. justice system. The immense power that comes with judicial independence also comes with accountability to the people we serve."[35] Danny Cevallos stated that judges enjoy a modicum of independence from public pressure, and "there are no apparent grounds for impeachment or allegations of judicial misconduct, based on this sentence alone." Cevallos said that the recall movement "raises the question: is removing judges good for the spirit of the judiciary system, especially when the judge's sole transgression is a legal sentence" where he correctly applied the law.[36][37] The Santa Clara County Bar Association has released a statement saying that removing Persky would be a "threat to judicial independence" and weighs just one of his 13 years of decisions too heavily, saying they see "no credible assertions that in issuing the sentence, Judge Persky violated the law or his ethical obligations or acted in bad faith."[38] Similarly, other sitting judges (both state and federal) and legal commentators have defended Persky's decision, noted that the sentence might, in their opinion, be disproportionate due to the lifelong consequences of a criminal conviction and sex offender registration, and called on the bar to protect the independence of the judiciary.[39][40][41]

In June 2016, at least ten prospective jurors refused to serve in a misdemeanor trial for possession of stolen property where Persky was presiding, citing the judge's sentencing of Turner as a reason.[42] The following week, Rosen filed a peremptory motion for recusal in a case where Persky was to preside over the criminal trial of a surgical nurse charged with sexual battery for allegedly touching the genitals of a patient under sedation. Rosen called his move to have the judge removed from the case, "a rare and carefully considered step for our office."[42]

As a result of the backlash in the wake of his sentencing of Turner, Persky asked not to hear any more criminal cases, and was reassigned to the Civil Division of the California Court system.[43]

Revisit of previous civil case of alleged rape

{{Main|2007 De Anza rape investigation}}

In 2011, Persky presided over a civil lawsuit against multiple members of the De Anza College baseball team, who were accused by the minor plaintiff, "Jane Doe", of gang-raping her while she was unconscious until a passersby intervened. During the trial, Persky decided that the jury should be allowed to view photographs of the plaintiff taken at a party she attended approximately a year after the alleged gang rape, as per the defense's claim that this evidence contradicted the plaintiff's claims of suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.[44] The jury found the defendants not liable.[45]

Following Turner's sentencing in 2016, the plaintiff's attorneys in the De Anza case criticized Persky for allowing the photos into evidence. Attorneys for Doe said the photographs were not the only evidence that Persky unfairly permitted. Four of the baseball players had invoked Fifth Amendment rights not to self-incriminate during the discovery phase of the litigation. According to a lawyer for Doe, that was a critical juncture: it prevented their team from obtaining evidence that could have helped them pursue their case. The original judge in the case ruled in 2010 that the defendants could refuse to testify, but that would also mean that they would be prohibited from subsequently testifying in the case. That ruling was, however, overturned by Persky after he took over the trial in 2011, a move that Doe's attorneys say undermined her case.[44]

2018 recall

An organization named "Recall Judge Persky" was established seeking to collect the 80,000 signatures of county voters required to hold a special recall election.[15][21][22] The organizer of the petition was Stanford law professor Michele Dauber.[25][46]

The move to recall Persky was opposed by the Santa Clara County public defender, who said she is "alarmed by the hysteria" about the Turner sentence. Jeff Rosen, whose office prosecuted Turner and will not appeal the sentence, stated "While I strongly disagree with the sentence that Judge Persky issued in the Brock Turner case, I do not believe he should be removed from his judgeship."[47] At the same time, Rosen's office asked to have Persky removed as the judge in an upcoming sexual assault trial, saying that he had lost confidence that the judge could "fairly participate" in the case.[25] Persky formed a committee to fight the recall effort, called "Retain Judge Persky — No Recall".[48] Persky also initiated a proceeding to enjoin the circulation of the recall petition, which was denied, and Persky's appeal of that denial was also denied.[49][50]

On January 24, 2018 the county Registrar of Voters confirmed that sufficient signatures had been verified to put the recall on a ballot. There were 94,539 signatures submitted, far more than necessary.[51] The recall issue was on the state elections ballot on June 5, 2018.[52]

Persky's retention was supported by dozens of law school professors, retired judges and the Santa Clara Bar Association.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} He stood by his sentencing, saying he's been unfairly targeted as the "face of rape" by recall advocates, at the same time admitting, "There is an underlying deep frustration among actual victims of sexual assault and women in general about the criminal justice system not taking sexual assault and domestic violence seriously. It's a very genuine and important problem." "The passion is authentic, the end is justified, let's increase sexual assault reporting. Let's do criminal justice reform where it's smart to do so."[53] In a May 18, 2018 interview, Persky stated he had no regrets, and would rule exactly the same again on this case.[54]

On June 5, Persky was recalled by Santa Clara County voters, who supported his removal by a margin of 61.51% 38.49%.[55] Persky became the first judge to be recalled in California in over 80 years.[56][53][57] Two women, Cindy Hendrickson, a Santa Clara County assistant district attorney and Angela Storey, a civil attorney, appeared on the ballot to take Persky's position, should his recall succeed.[58] Storey opposed the recall on principle. When the election results were being tabulated, and they indicated Persky would be recalled, Dauber stated, "The vote today...is a vote against impunity for high-status offenders of domestic violence and sexual violence." Hendrickson won the election to take Persky's place.[59]

In October 2018 Persky was ordered to pay $161,825.68 to Dauber's recall campaign, which Persky had sued.[60]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://heavy.com/news/2016/06/aaron-persky-brock-turner-judge-stanford-recall-petition-election-photos-sentence/|title=Judge Aaron Persky: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|first=Tom|last=Cleary|date=June 6, 2016|publisher=Heavy|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/michael_persky|title=Michael Persky - Historical records and family trees|publisher=MyHeritage|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/judge-in-stanford-rape-case-is-being-threatened-who-is-aaron-persky.html|title=Judge Aaron Persky Under Fire for Sentencing in Stanford Rape Case|date=June 8, 2016|work=The New York Times|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web|last1=Pittman|first1=Asa|title=Aaron Persky|url=http://www.therecorder.com/id=1202508331997/Aaron-Persky?slreturn=20160510184329|publisher=The Recorder|accessdate=June 10, 2016|date=July 26, 2011}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/H045129.PDF|title=Persky v. Bushey|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/06/05/us/ap-us-california-primary-stanford-judge.html|title=California Judge Faces Recall Over Brock Turner's Sentence|date=2018-06-05|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-06-06|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/judge-in-brock-turner-sexual-assault-trial-removed-w521139|title=Judge in Brock Turner Sexual Assault Trial Recalled|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=2018-06-06}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://cjp.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2016/08/Persky_Explanatory_Statement_12-19-16.pdf|title=Commission on Judicial Performance Closes Investigation of Judge Aaron Persky|last=|first=|date=December 19, 2016|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/06/11/prosecutors-urged-substantial-prison-term-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-records-show/|title=Prosecutors urged ‘substantial prison term’ in Stanford sexual assault case, records show|last=Anderson|first=Nick|date=2016-06-11|work=Washington Post|access-date=2018-06-06|last2=Svrluga|first2=Susan|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Judge-Persky-losing-in-bid-to-avoid-recall-12970799.php|title=Judge Aaron Persky, who ruled in sex assault case, recalled in Santa Clara County|work=SFChronicle.com|access-date=2018-06-06|language=en-US}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CA/Santa_Clara/75369/Web02.203317/#/cid/24|title=Election Night Reporting|website=results.enr.clarityelections.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-06}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/MemberSearch/QuickSearch?FreeText=Persky|title=Member Search: "Persky"|work=State Bar of California|accessdate=June 10, 2016}}
13. ^1 {{cite news|title=Murray Persky M.D.|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sfgate/obituary.aspx?n=murray-persky&pid=123123107|accessdate=September 3, 2016|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=January 22, 2009|via=Legacy.com}}
14. ^1 {{cite news|title=Susan Elder|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sfgate/obituary.aspx?n=susan-elder&pid=14142750|accessdate=September 3, 2016|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=June 5, 2005|via=Legacy.com}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|first=Liam|last=Stack|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/judge-in-stanford-rape-case-is-being-threatened-who-is-aaron-persky.html|title=Judge Aaron Persky Under Fire for Sentencing in Stanford Rape Case|work=The New York Times|date=June 7, 2016|accessdate=June 7, 2016}}
16. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/thousands-push-for-judge-in-stanford-sex-assault-case-to-be-removed-brock-turner/|title=Thousands push for judge in Stanford sex assault case to be removed|publisher=CBS News|agency=Associated Press|date=June 6, 2016|accessdate=June 6, 2016}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|first=Tracey|last=Kaplan|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_29985256/stanford-sexual-assault-case-judge-behind-sentence|title=Stanford sexual assault case: The judge behind the sentence|work=Mercury News|date=June 6, 2016|accessdate=June 6, 2016}}
18. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2003/09/22/daily37.html|title=Superior Court gets two new judges|work=Silicon Valley Business Journal|date=September 24, 2003|accessdate=June 10, 2016}}
19. ^1 2 {{cite web|first=Shannon|last=Lafferty|url=http://www.therecorder.com/id=900005377920/Bocanegra-Del-Pozzo-Win-Santa-Clara-Seats|title=Bocanegra, Del Pozzo Win Santa Clara Seats|work=The Recorder|date=November 7, 2002|accessdate=June 10, 2016}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Aaron Persky|url=https://www.sccba.com/members/default.asp?id=25996926|website=Members|publisher=Santa Clara County Bar Association |accessdate=June 10, 2016|date=June 6, 2016}}
21. ^1 {{cite web|first=John|last=Bacon|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2016/06/07/judge-stanford-sex-assault-case-draws-outrage/85543204/|title=Judge under fire in Stanford rape case gets new term|work=USA Today|date=June 7, 2016|accessdate=June 7, 2016}}
22. ^1 2 {{cite web|first=Veronica|last=Rocha|first2=Richard|last2=Winton|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-judge-stanford-rape-20160607-snap-story.html|title=Stanford rape sentence unusually light, legal experts say|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=June 7, 2016|accessdate=June 7, 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|first=Jacqueline|last=Lee|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/peninsula/ci_29970782/palo-alto-former-stanford-swimmer-gets-6-months|title=Stanford sex assault: Brock Turner gets 6 months in jail|work=Mercury News|date=June 2, 2016|accessdate=June 2, 2016}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_30015499/brock-turner-da-gets-judge-kicked-off-new|title=Brock Turner judge Aaron Persky gets kicked off new sex case|last=Kaplan|first=Tracey|date=2016-06-14|work=San Jose Mercury News|accessdate=2016-06-15}}
25. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/06/21/law-professor-judge-should-be-recalled-for-his-role-in-the-stanford-sexual-assault-case/|title=Law professor: Judge should be recalled for his role in the Stanford sexual assault case|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-09-03}}
26. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|first=Mark|last=Gollom|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/stanford-sexual-assault-case-brock-turner-sentence-judge-1.3620631|title=Stanford University sexual assault case sentencing seen as too lenient by legal experts|publisher=CBC News|date=June 8, 2016|accessdate=June 8, 2016}}
27. ^{{cite news|last1=Elias|first1=Paul|title=Judge in Stanford rape case often follows sentencing reports|url=http://www.bigstory.ap.org/article/a01788e9c0374cf19a942625fde93174/judge-stanford-rape-case-often-follows-sentencing-reports|accessdate=August 31, 2016|agency=Associated Press|date=June 17, 2016}}
28. ^{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Arnold |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2016/12/22/state-commission-clears-judge-of-wrongdoing-in-turner-sentence/ |title=State commission clears judge of wrongdoing in Turner sentence |work=The Stanford Daily |date=December 22, 2016 |accessdate=January 20, 2017 }}
29. ^https://ballotpedia.org/California_Commission_on_Judicial_Performance
30. ^The 1 million figure refers to a petition on change.org. "Other petitions at moveon.org and the White House's We the People site have each garnered more than 100,000 signatures." {{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/09/us/judge-aaron-persky-recall-petition-brock-turner-stanford-rape-trnd/index.html|title=1 million sign petition to oust judge in Brock Turner case. Will it matter?|last=McLaughlin|first=Eliott C.|date=June 10, 2016|work=CNN|accessdate=July 11, 2016}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2016/06/25/stanford-law-grads-write-open-letter-question-judge-persky-recall/|title=Stanford Law grads write open letter, question Judge Persky recall|last=Bumanlag|first=Isabela|date=June 25, 2015|work=Stanford Daily|accessdate=July 11, 2016}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.recallaaronpersky.com/factsheet|title=Frequently Asked Questions|work=Recall Judge Aaron Persky|accessdate=July 11, 2016}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/stanford-rape-case-republican-congressman-court-overturns-brock-turners-pathetic-sentence-a7073801.html|title=Stanford rape case: Republican Congressman demands court overturns Brock Turner's 'pathetic' sentence|work=The Independent|first=Lizzie|last=Dearden|date=June 10, 2009|accessdate=June 12, 2016}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/06/stanford-sexual-assault-judge-recall|title=Judge in Stanford sexual assault case faces recall effort over light sentence|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=June 6, 2016|website=www.theguardian.com|accessdate=June 7, 2016}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/06/16/could-removing-brock-turner-s-judge-hurt-poor-and-minority-defendants#.FvZfuvyIL|title=Could Removing Brock Turner's Judge Hurt Poor and Minority Defendants?|date=June 16, 2016|first=Maurice|last= Chammah|accessdate=June 26, 2016|website=www.themarshallproject.org}}
36. ^{{cite web|first=Tracey|last=Kaplan|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_29993496/q-stanford-sex-case-sentence-will-da-appeal|title=Brock Turner case: Q&A on sexual assault sentence, possible appeal and more|website=www.mercurynews.com|date=June 8, 2016|accessdate=June 8, 2016}}
37. ^{{cite web|last=Cevallos |first=Danny |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/10/opinions/stanford-rape-case-cevallos/ |title=Judge Persky's sentence in Stanford rape case unpopular but legal |website=www.cnn.com|date=June 11, 2016 |accessdate=June 16, 2016}}
38. ^{{cite news|url=http://jezebel.com/after-the-brock-turner-case-would-recalling-judge-aaro-1782299942|title=After the Brock Turner Case, Would Recalling Judge Aaron Persky Really Achieve Anything?|first=Anna|last= Merlan|accessdate=June 26, 2016}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jurist.org/hotline/2016/06/sex-lies-and-severe-impact-in-defense-of-judge-aaron-persky.php | title=Sex, Lies and "Severe Impact": In Defense of Judge Aaron Persky|work=JURIST|date=June 18, 2016| author=Wooldridge, Nicholas}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://mimesislaw.com/fault-lines/brock-turner-the-sort-of-defendant-who-is-spared-severe-impact/10288|title=Brock Allen Turner: The Sort of Defendant Who Is Spared "Severe Impact"|publisher=}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://mimesislaw.com/fault-lines/judge-curiel-doesnt-need-defense-judge-aaron-persky/10399|title=Judge Curiel Doesn't Need A Defense, But Judge Aaron Persky Does|publisher=}}
42. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_30015499/brock-turner-da-gets-judge-kicked-off-new|title=Brock Turner judge Aaron Persky gets kicked off new sex case|last=Kaplan|first=Tracey|date=June 14, 2016|work=San Jose Mercury News|accessdate=June 15, 2016}}
43. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/us/brock-turner-aaron-persky-judge-reassigned/index.html|title=Brock Turner judge to no longer hear criminal cases|last=CNN|first=Emanuella Grinberg and Dan Simon|website=CNN|access-date=August 30, 2016}}
44. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/09/stanford-sexual-assault-judge-aaron-persky-de-anza-college|title=Stanford judge allowed revealing photos of alleged gang-rape victim in prior case|website=www.theguardian.com|first=Joanna|last=Walters|first2=Julia Carrie|last2=Wong|first3=Sam|last3=Levin|date=June 9, 2016|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}
45. ^{{cite news|title=No defendants found liable in De Anza rape trial, no damages awarded|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/top-stories/ci_17793153|accessdate=April 26, 2011|newspaper=Silicon Valley Mercury News|date=April 7, 2011}}
46. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-stanford-swimmer-rape-judge-20160825-snap-story.html|title=Judge in Stanford rape case asks for move to civil cases|last=Times|first=Los Angeles|website=latimes.com|access-date=2016-09-03}}
47. ^{{cite news|first=Liam|last=Stack|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/judge-in-stanford-rape-case-is-being-threatened-who-is-aaron-persky.html|title=Judge Aaron Persky Under Fire for Sentencing in Stanford Rape Case|work=The New York Times|date=June 7, 2016|accessdate=June 10, 2016}}
48. ^{{cite news|last1=Kaplan|first1=Tracey|title=Brock Turner case: Judge launches fight against recall|url=http://www.eastbaytimes.com/ci_30304994/brock-turner-case-judge-launches-fight-against-recall|work=East Bay Times|date=August 29, 2016}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/H045129.PDF|title=Aaron Persky v. Shannon Bushey|author=California Court of Appeal, 6th District|date=March 26, 2018|accessdate=April 27, 2018}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Court-Rejects-Judge-Perskys-Appeal-Recall-Will-Go-to-Ballot-477994843.html|author=NBC Bay Area|date=March 26, 2018|accessdate=April 27, 2018|title=Court Rejects Judge Persky's Appeal, Recall Will Go to Ballot}}
51. ^Judge who sentenced Stanford swimmer to six months in jail for sexual assault faces recall vote, Los Angeles Times, Joseph Serna, January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
52. ^[https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/01/23/effort-to-recall-judge-aaron-persky-qualifies-for-june-ballot/ Judge in Brock Turner assault case to face vote for removal in June], Mercury News, Courtney Ham, January 23, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
53. ^1 [https://napavalleyregister.com/news/state-and-regional/judge-in-stanford-rape-case-faces-recall-over-sentencing/article_be9b940d-bebd-52dc-a7e1-bc7c8889b6e1.html Judge in Stanford rape case faces recall over sentencing], Napa Valley Register, Paul Elias (AP), May 5, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
54. ^Judge Persky has no regrets in Brock Turner case, Palo Alto Daily Post, Paul Elias (AP), May 5, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
55. ^"Santa Clara County Elections: June 5, 2019, Statewide Direct Primary: Recall, Superior Court Judge," Santa Clara County Elections Department, results.enr.clarityelections.com/
56. ^Maggie Astor, [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/06/us/politics/judge-persky-brock-turner-recall.html "California Voters Remove Aaron Persky, the Judge Who Gave a 6-Month Sentence for Sexual Assault,"] New York Times, June 6, 2018.
57. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-rape-judge/voters-remove-california-judge-criticized-over-rape-sentencing-idUSKCN1J20EP Voters remove California judge criticized over rape sentencing], Reuters News, June 6, 2018.
58. ^Judge Aaron Persky faces recall on Election Day over Brock Turner sentencing, ABC7 News, David Louie, June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
59. ^[https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/05/early-votes-brock-turner-judge-likely-to-be-booted-out-for-sentence-in-sexual-assault-case/ Recall of Brock Turner judge succeeds: Voters oust Aaron Persky for sentence in sexual assault case], Mercury News, Tracey Kaplan, June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
60. ^https://padailypost.com/2018/10/24/ex-judge-persky-ordered-to-pay-161000-in-legal-fees-to-group-led-by-dauber/
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10 : Living people|1962 births|American people of Jewish descent|People from San Francisco|People from Santa Clara County, California|American prosecutors|California state court judges|California lawyers|Stanford University alumni|University of California, Berkeley School of Law alumni
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