“Vice admiral”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral. In many navies,^[1] vice admiral is a three-star rank with a NATO code of OF-8, although in some navies like the French Navy it is an OF-7 rank, the OF-8 code corresponding to the four-star rank of squadron vice-admiral.

Rank insignia

The rank insignia for a vice admiral often involves three stars, but this is not always the case. In the navy of Iraq, vice admiral insignia involves one star.^[2] In the navies of

North Korea,^[9] and Russia, vice admiral insignia involves two stars, and in the navy of Turkey, vice admiral insignia involves four stars.^[10]

Gallery

Australia

In the Royal Australian Navy, the rank of vice admiral is held by the Chief of Navy and, when the positions are held by navy officers, by the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, and/or the Chief of Capability Development Group.

Vice admiral is the equivalent of air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force and lieutenant general in the Australian Army.

Canada

In the Royal Canadian Navy, the rank of vice-admiral (VAdm) (vice-amiral or Vam in French) is equivalent to lieutenant-general of the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force. A vice-admiral is a flag officer, the naval equivalent of a general officer. A vice-admiral is senior to a rear-admiral and major general, and junior to an admiral and general.

Two rows of gold oak leaves are located on the black visor of the white service cap. From 1968 to June 2010, the navy blue service dress tunic featured only a wide gold braid around the cuff with three gold maple leaves, beneath crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by a St. Edward's Crown located on cloth shoulder straps.

Vice-admirals are addressed by rank and name; thereafter by subordinates as "Sir" or "Ma'am". Vice-admirals are normally entitled to a staff car; the car will normally bear a flag, dark blue with three gold maple leaves arranged one over two.

A vice-admiral generally holds only the most senior command or administrative appointments, barring only Chief of Defence Staff, which is held by a full admiral or general. Appointments held by vice-admirals may include:

France

In France, vice-amiral is the most senior of the ranks in the French Navy; higher ranks, vice-amiral d'escadre and amiral, are permanent functions, style and position (in French rang et appellation) given to a vice-amiral-ranking officer. The vice-amiral rank used to be an OF-8 rank in NATO charts, but nowadays, it is more an OF-7 rank.

The rank of vice-amiral d'escadre (literally, "squadron vice-admiral", with more precision, "fleet vice-admiral") equals a NATO OF-8 rank.

In the ancien régime Navy, between 1669 and 1791. The office of "Vice-Admiral of France" (Vice-amiral de France) was the highest rank, the supreme office of "Admiral of France" being purely ceremonial.

Germany

India

Italy

In Italy, the equivalent to vice admiral is the ammiraglio di squadra or squadron admiral. 　

Philippines

In the Philippines, the rank vice admiral is the highest-ranking official of the Philippine Navy. He is recognized as the flag officer in-charge of the navy. The rank vice-admiral in the Philippines, has the same ranking in the U.S Navy.

Poland

Before World War II, the vice admiral was the highest rank in the Polish Navy. Jozef Unrug was one of the only two officers to achieve the rank. The other was Jerzy Świrski. Poland had only one sovereign sea port, Port of Gdynia, and was slowly building a small modern navy that was to be ready by 1950. The navy was not a priority for obvious reasons. At present, it is a "two--star" rank. The stars are not used; however, the stars were used in between 1952 and 1956 and are still used in the vice admiral's pennant.

United Kingdom

In the Royal Navy the rank of vice-admiral should be distinguished from the office of "Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom", which is an Admiralty position usually held by a retired "full" admiral, and that of "Vice-Admiral of the Coast", a now obsolete office dealing with naval administration in each of the maritime counties.

History

United States

Vietnam

References

1. ^¹Vice admiral is a three-star rank in the navies of NATO and Commonwealth countries, including (since 2001) the Royal Navy. (Refer UK DCI (Joint Service) 125/2001)
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=2074 |title=Navy of Iraq - Vice Admiral}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=2088 |title=Navy of Azerbaijan - Vice Admiral}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=2071 |title=Navy of Bangladesh - Vice Admiral}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=237 |title=Navy of China - Vice Admiral}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=221 |title=Navy of Cuba - Vice Admiral}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=245 |title=Navy of Iran - Vice Admiral}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=253 |title=Navy of Mexico - Vice Admiral}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=885 |title=Navy of North Korea - Vice Admiral}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uniforminsignia.net/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=1378 |title=Navy of Turkey - Vice Admiral}}
11. ^{{Citation| last=Deachman| first=Bruce| last2=McCulloch| first2=Sandra| title=Royals arrive in Ottawa in final leg of cross-Canada tour| newspaper=Ottawa Citizen| date=9 November 2009| url=http://www.canada.com/entertainment/Royals+arrive+Ottawa+final+cross+Canada+tour/2203180/story.html| accessdate=10 November 2009}}