| 词条 | Abbad ibn Ziyad |
| 释义 |
ʿAbbād ibn Ziyād ibn Abīhi (died 718/19) was a general and statesman of the Umayyad Caliphate. A son of the governor of Iraq, Ziyad ibn Abih, Abbad served as a governor of Sijilstan between 673 and 681 under caliphs Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) and Yazid I (r. 680–683). He led a contingent in the army of Caliph Marwan I (r. 684–685) at the Battle of Marj Rahit and afterward fought against loyalists of al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi during the reign of Caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705). He later served at the court of the latter's son and successor, Caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715), and played a role in the succession intrigues between al-Walid's son Abd al-Aziz and the caliph's brother, Sulayman. LifeAbbad was the son of Ziyad ibn Abih, the Umayyad governor of Iraq, and a brother of Ziyad's successor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad,[1] with whom he was particularly close.[2] The Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) appointed Abbad governor of the eastern province of Sijistan (Sistan) in 673, and he was reconfirmed in the post by Mu'awiya's son and successor Yazid I (r. 680–683).[1][3] According to historian M. A. Shaban, under Abbad's rule, Sijilstan remained stable with no record of rebellions in the province or military expeditions originating from there.[3] However, historian K. V. Zetterstéen asserted that Abbad was an active participant in the eastward expansion of the caliphate and credited him with leading the conquest of Kandahar.[4] During Abbad's governorship of Sijistan, Ubayd Allah served as governor in Iraq and their brother Abd al-Rahman served as governor of Khurasan.[1] Abbad was replaced in 681 when Yazid put Khurasan and Sijilstan under the authority of Abbad's brother, Salm,[3][4] who in turn appointed another brother, Yazid, as his deputy in the province.[3] This chronology, cited to Umar ibn Shabba by 9th-century historian al-Tabari, is disputed by the information in Tarikh-i Sistan and 9th-century historian al-Yaqubi, which holds that Ubayd Allah appointed Yazid prior to 681.[2] In any case, Ubayd Allah informed Abbad of the developments, and in reaction to his dismissal, Abbad divvied up the funds of Sijistan's treasuries among his slaves and Arab troops before departing the province.[5] On his way back to report to Caliph Yazid in Damascus, Abbad avoided encountering Salm when passing through the vicinity of Jiroft in Kirman.[6] In response to Yazid's inquiry regarding the treasury sums Abbad was expected to bring the caliph, he stated that he was obliged to pay the large number of troops under his authority as would be expected of him, in such a critical frontier region as Sijistan.[6] Following the collapse of Umayyad authority in the caliphate's eastern provinces in the aftermath of Caliph Yazid's death, Abbad relocated with 2,000 of his mawālī (non-Arab, Muslim freedmen or clients) to Syria where they fought alongside the army of the Umayyad caliph Marwan I at the Battle of Marj Rahit in 684.[7] In contrast, Zetterstéen claims Abbad's contingent at Marj Rahit consisted of his own kinsmen.[4] Following the decisive Umayyad victory in the battle, Abbad sought to retire to the north Arabian oasis town of Dumat al-Jandal, but was dispatched by Caliph Abd al-Malik to confront a commander of the Kufa-based, pro-Alid rebel leader al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi at some point prior to 687.[4] Abbad later advised Caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715) when the latter unsuccessfully strove to have his brother Sulayman replaced in the line of succession by al-Walid's son Abd al-Aziz.[8] Though Zetterstéen claims Abbad's date of death is not known,[4] historian I. K. A. Howard states Abbad died in 718/19.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 Al-Tabari, ed. Howard 1991, p. 185, nn. 596–597. 2. ^1 Bosworth 1968, p. 44. 3. ^1 2 3 Shaban 1979, pp. 40–41. 4. ^1 2 3 4 Zetterstéen 1960, p. 5. 5. ^Bosworth 1968, pp. 44–45. 6. ^1 Bosworth 1968, p. 45. 7. ^Kennedy 2001, p. 32. 8. ^Al-Tabari, ed. Hinds 1990, pp. 222–223. Bibliography
6 : 718 deaths|7th-century Arabs|8th-century Arabs|Banu Thaqif|Umayyad generals|Umayyad governors of Sijistan |
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