“Abdallah Qara'ali”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Abdallah Qara'ali

释义

Biography
Early life and priesthood Episcopacy
Episcopal lineage
Writings
References

{{Infobox Christian leader|honorific-prefix=The Most Reverend|name=Abdallah Qara'ali, OLM|title=Archeparch of Beruit|church=Syriac Maronite Church of Antioch|see=|term_start=17 September 1716|term_end=6 January 1742|predecessor=Georges Khairallah Istifan|successor=Youhanna Estephan|ordination=1696|ordained_by=|consecration=17 September 1716|consecrated_by=Patriarch Jacob IV Awad|birth_date=8 September 1672|birth_place=Mount Lebanon Emirate, Ottoman Empire|death_date=6 January 1742|occupation=Jurist, religious founder, eparch}}Abdallah Qara'ali, OLM (8 September 1672 – 6 January 1742) was a Lebanese renowned jurist and prelate of the Syriac Maronite Church of Antioch, better known as the Maronite Catholic Church. He served as Archeparch of Beirut from 1716 until his death in 1742, but is also known as a cofounder of the Lebanese Maronite Order.

Biography

Early life and priesthood

Qara'ali was born on 8 September 1672 in the Mount Lebanon Emirate, an autonomous subdivision of the Ottoman Empire covering roughly what is now the modern state of Lebanon.^[1] He was ordained a priest in 1696.^[2]

In 1694, he, along with two other men, established the Lebanese Maronite Order.^[2] He served as the order's Superior General from 1699–1716.^[2]

Episcopacy

On 17 September 1716, Qara'ali was consecrated Archeparch of Beirut, making him the first member of the Lebanese Maronites to ascend to the prelature.^[1]^[3] Patriarch Jacob IV Awad, Patriarch of Antioch served as the principal consecrator.^[1]

As archeparch, he played an important role in the Synod of Maronite Bishops of Mount Lebanon in 1736. This synod canonically established the Maronite episcopal sees, including even that of Beirut.

Qara'ali was a renowned jurist in his time, and is noted in legal circles for his significant work Mukhtasar al-shari'a, a nomocanon in the Maronite Catholic tradition.^[4] While its contents are not radical for its time period, and in fact were in line with common Middle Eastern legal practices, it is noted for its unique combination of Roman, Islamic, and Christian influences.^[4]

Episcopal lineage

Patriarch Youhanna Bawwab el-Safrawi
Patriarch George Rizqallah Beseb’ely (1656)
Patriarch Estephan El Douaihy (1668)
Patriarch Jacob IV Awad (1698)
Archeparch Abdallah Qara'ali (1716)

Writings

{{Cite book|title=Mukhtasar al-shari'a|last=|first=|publisher=|year=1720|isbn=|location=Beirut, Lebanon|pages=|language=Arabic}}

Written in 1720, Qara'ali's Mukhtasar is a Maronite Catholic nomocanon, or collection of ecclesiastical laws. While modeled after a Syro-Roman nomocanon compounded by Ibn al-'Assal, it was also highly influenced by Sunni Islamic sharia law and did not stray far from the general legal patterns of the Middle East at that time.^[4]

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bqaraa.html|title=Bishop Abdallah Qaraali [Catholic-Hierarchy]|last=Cheney|first=David M.|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2016-03-08}}
2. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/beir3.htm|title=Archdiocese of Beirut, Lebanon (Maronite Rite)|website=www.gcatholic.org|access-date=2016-03-08}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://khazen.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=386&catid=100:maronites&Itemid=179|title=Growing diversity: the Khazin sheiks and the clergy in the first decades of the 18th century|website=khazen.org|access-date=2016-03-08}}
4. ^¹²{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1orfJUjZg8C|title=Introduction to Middle Eastern Law|last=Mallat|first=Chibli|date=2007-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199230495|language=en}}

3 : Lebanese jurists|1672 births|1742 deaths

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