| 词条 | Vickers A1E1 Independent |
| 释义 |
| name=Vickers A1E1 "Independent" | image= IWM-KID-109-Vickers-Independent.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption=The Vickers A1E1 in 1925 |origin=United Kingdom |type=Tank |is_vehicle=yes |is_UK=yes |manufacturer=Vickers |number=1 | length={{convert|24|ft|11|in|abbr=on}} | width={{convert|8|ft|9|in|abbr=on}} | height={{convert|8|ft|11|in|abbr=on}} | weight={{convert|33|LT|t ST|abbr=on|lk=on}} |transmission=4 forward, 1 reverse | suspension=coil spring bogies | speed={{convert|20|mph|abbr=on}} | vehicle_range= {{convert|95|mi}} | primary_armament=QF 3 pounder gun (47 mm) | secondary_armament= 4 × 0.303 Vickers machine gun | armour={{convert|13|–|28|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} | engine=Armstrong Siddeley V12 petrol | engine_power=370 hp (280 kW) | pw_ratio= | crew=8 }} The Independent A1E1 is a multi-turreted tank that was designed by the British armaments manufacturer Vickers between the First and Second World Wars. Although it only ever reached the prototype stage and only a single example was built, it influenced many other tank designs. The A1E1 design can be seen as a possible influence on the Soviet T-100 and T-28 tanks, the German Neubaufahrzeug tanks, and the British Medium Mk III and Cruiser Mk I (triple turret) tank designs. The Soviet T-35 tank was heavily influenced by its design.[1] DesignThe Independent was a multi-turret design, having a central gun turret armed with the 3 pounder (47 mm) gun, and four subsidiary turrets each armed with a 0.303 inch Vickers machine gun. The subsidiary turrets were mounted two at the front and two to the rear of the turret (about halfway along the hull). The gun of the left rear turret was able to elevate to engage aircraft. The tank was designed to have heavy firepower, self-defence capability, and superiority to enemy weapons. It had a crew of eight men, the commander communicating with the crew through an intercom system. The Independent was never used in combat, but other armies studied it and a few adopted designs derived from it. HistoryIn 1924 the General Staff of the British Army ordered the prototype of a heavy tank, which became known as the Independent. Largely designed by Walter Gordon Wilson, its {{convert|35.8|L|cuin|adj=on}} V12 air-cooled engine was designed by Armstrong Siddeley. It also incorporated a new hydraulic braking system which had to be specially developed due to its weight and speed. The prototype was delivered to the War Office in 1926, and displayed to the premiers of the Dominions that year.[2] The tank was the subject of industrial and political espionage, the plans ending up in the Soviet Union, where they may have influenced the design of the T-28 and T-35 tanks. Norman Baillie-Stewart, a British military officer, was court-martialled in 1933 and served five years in prison for providing the plans of the Independent (among other secrets) to a German contact.[3] It remained in use for experiments until 1935 when it was worn out and retired to Bovington Tank Museum, where it is preserved.[4] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ww2incolor.com/britain/IWM-KID-109-Vickers-Independent.html|title=British Forces - Land Warship - Vickers A1E1 Independent.|website=www.ww2incolor.com}} 2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tankmuseum.org/museum-online/vehicles/object-e1949-331 |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502053737/http://www.tankmuseum.org/museum-online/vehicles/object-e1949-331 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^{{citation | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/08/archives/norman-bailliestewart-is-dead-briton-jailed-for-aid-to-germans.html | work=The New York Times | title=Norman Baillie-Stewart Is Dead; Briton Jailed for Aid to Germans; Passed Secrets on Armored Vehicles Known as 'Officer in Tower' | date=8 June 1966 }}{{subscription required}} 4. ^Fletcher (2014) Bibliography
External links{{Commons|Vickers A1E1 Independent}}
|url=http://mailer.fsu.edu/~akirk/tanks/GreatBritain/BritishHeavyTanks.html |title=Great Britain's Heavy Tanks |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710142719/http://mailer.fsu.edu/~akirk/tanks/GreatBritain/BritishHeavyTanks.html |archivedate=2012-07-10 }}{{Interwar tanks|style=wide}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} 7 : Interwar tanks of the United Kingdom|Heavy tanks of the United Kingdom|Multi-turreted tanks|Vickers|Abandoned military projects of the United Kingdom|History of the tank|Trial and research tanks of the United Kingdom |
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