| 词条 | Abram Amsel |
| 释义 |
Abram Amsel (1922–2006) was a Canadian-born American psychologist and faculty member at several universities. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, he conducted influential research into concepts of reward and nonreward in learning and behavior. Later, his research shifted from learning theory to neurobiology. Early lifeAmsel was born in Montreal, Quebec on December 4, 1922.[1] He earned undergraduate and master's degrees in psychology from Queen's University (1944) and McGill University (1946), respectively. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Iowa, where his mentor was learning and motivation researcher Kenneth Spence, who had been a protégé of Clark L. Hull at Yale University.[2] Shortly after he finished the Ph.D., Amsel completed research that expanded upon the Hull-Spence theory of learning and motivation. Amsel noted a phenomenon that he called frustrative nonreward in which a subject is expecting a reward but does not receive one. In this circumstance, nonreward becomes aversive. CareerHe presented his findings on frustrative nonreward at a conference in 1951, but Psychological Review rejected the ideas for publication, with one reviewer noting that he was loathe "to revive Hullian theory". Seven years later, the paper was published in Psychological Bulletin, where it had become the journal's second-most cited paper by the late 1980s.[3] Amsel wrote a book on the concept, Frustration Theory: An Analysis of Dispositional Learning and Memory.[2] Later in his career, Amsel's research interests evolved from learning theory toward neurobiology as he worked to understand developmental differences in his young and mature rat subjects.[3] Amsel held faculty appointments at Newcomb College (1948–60), the University of Toronto (1960-69) and the University of Texas at Austin (1969–99). Amsel replaced Spence at Texas after the latter died of cancer.[2] He conducted research that clarified the role of nonreward and frustration on classical conditioning.[3] Amsel founded the journal Animal Learning & Behavior in 1973; it is now known as Learning & Behavior.[4] He was elected chairman of the board of the Psychonomic Society in 1978.[5] He became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1951 and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1992.[6][7] He died of Alzheimer's disease in Austin on August 31, 2006.[1] Amsel was survived by his wife Tess and their children.[1] Amsel had a Jaguar in his garage for many years; he said that the smell of the leather reminded him of when he was dating Tess.[3] References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Papini |first1=Mauricio R. |title=Integrating learning, emotion, behavior theory, development, and neurobiology: The enduring legacy of Abram Amsel (1922-2006) |journal=The American Journal of Psychology |date=2008 |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=661–669 |jstor=20445491}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amsel, Abram}}2. ^{{cite web |title=Finding aid for the Abram Amsel papers |url=http://ead.ohiolink.edu/xtf-ead/view?docId=ead/OhAkAHA0226.xml;chunk.id=bioghist_1;brand=default |website=ead.ohiolink.edu |accessdate=June 30, 2018 |language=en}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Stephen B. |title=Learning: Principles and Applications |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9781452271934 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8NxDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 |language=en}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Rashotte |first1=Michael |title=Abram Ansel (1922 - 2006): In memoriam |journal=Learning & Behavior |date=2007 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03196068.pdf|doi=10.3758/BF03196068 }} 5. ^{{cite news |title=The Alcalde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24 |publisher=Emmis Communications |date=March 1978 |language=en}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Amsel, Abram |url=https://www.aaas.org/historic-fellow/amsel-abram |website=AAAS |accessdate=June 30, 2018 |language=en |date=9 February 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Abram Amsel |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/62024.html |website=www.nasonline.org |accessdate=June 29, 2018}} 10 : 1922 births|2006 deaths|Queen's University alumni|McGill University alumni|University of Iowa alumni|Tulane University faculty|University of Toronto faculty|University of Texas at Austin faculty|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science |
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