| 词条 | Victor Harbor, South Australia |
| 释义 |
| name = Victor Harbor | state = sa | image = Victor Harbor and Encounter Bay as viewed from Rosetta Head-Aug 2017.jpg | caption = Victor Harbor viewed from Rosetta Head | coordinates = {{coord|35|33|0|S|138|37|0|E|display=inline,title}} | coord_ref = | pushpin_label_position = left | lga = City of Victor Harbor | postcode = 5211[1] | pop = 4233 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [2] | established = 1863 | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | elevation = | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 85 | dir1 = South | location1= Adelaide city centre via | region = Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island[3] | county = | stategov = Finniss[4] | fedgov = Mayo[5] | maxtemp = | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = | near-ne = | near-e = | near-se = | near-s = | near-sw = | near-w = | near-nw = | near = | footnotes = }} Victor Harbor is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located within the City of Victor Harbor on the south coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula, about {{convert|80|km}} south of the state capital of Adelaide. The town is the largest population centre on the peninsula, with an economy based upon agriculture, fisheries and various industries. It is also a highly popular tourist destination, with the area's population greatly expanded during the summer holidays, usually by Adelaide locals looking to escape the summer heat. It is a popular destination with South Australian high school graduates for their end of year celebrations, known colloquially as schoolies. HistoryTraditionally home of the Ramindjeri clan of the Ngarrindjeri people, the bay on which Victor Harbor sits was discovered by Matthew Flinders in HMS Investigator on 8 April 1802. As part of the first circumnavigation of the continent, Flinders was surveying the then unknown southern Australian coast from the west. He encountered Nicolas Baudin in Le Geographe near the Murray Mouth several kilometres to the east of the present day location of Victor Harbor. Baudin was surveying the coast from the east for Napoleonic France. Although their countries were at war, each captain was given documents by the other nation's government, stating that the ships were on scientific missions, and were therefore not to be regarded as ships of war. Together, the ships returned to the bay and sheltered, while the captains compared notes. Flinders named the bay Encounter Bay after the meeting. In 1837 Captain Richard Crozier who was en route from Sydney to the Swan River Colony in command of the Cruizer-class HMS Victor,[6] anchored just off Granite Island and named the sheltered waters in the lee of the island 'Victor Harbor' after his ship.[7]{{Full citation needed|date=March 2019}} About the same time two whaling stations were established, one at Rosetta Head (popularly known as "the Bluff") and the other near the point opposite Granite Island. Whale oil became South Australia’s first export. From 1839 the whaling station was managed for a time by Captain John Hart, a later Premier of South Australia. The town of Port Victor was laid out on the shores of Victor Harbor in 1863 when the horse-drawn tramway from Goolwa was extended to the harbour. The last whale was caught off Port Victor in 1872. The town's name was changed to 'Victor Harbor' in 1921,{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} as a result, it is said,{{by whom|date=March 2019}} of a near shipwreck blamed on confusion with Port Victoria on the Yorke Peninsula. Despite harbour normally being spelt with a "u" in modern Australian English, the name of the city is spelt Victor Harbor. This spelling, found in several geographical names in South Australia, including Outer Harbor, coincided with the popularity in early Australian English of American spelling, for reasons that remain unclear.[8][9] Victor Harbour railway station is spelt with the u. At the start of the 20th century, an attempt was made to make Port Victor, as it was then called, a main stop of mail-steamers.[10] On 26 December 1936, a one-off motor race meeting was held to the east of the town to commemorate the centenary of South Australia - the "South Australian Centenary Grand Prix".[11] The circuit was made of public roads, measured 12.6 kilometres in length and featured two long straights, two short straights, and several corners, including the banked Nangawooka Hairpin.[12] Winner of the 240 mile Grand Prix, which was held as a handicap, was Les Murphy in an MG P-type, from Tim Joshua in another P-type and Bob Lea-Wright in a Terraplane Special.[11] GovernmentIn 2016, the resident population of Victor Harbor was 4,233[2] but over the summer holiday season the population almost triples.[13] At the 2016 Australian Census, the urban population for Victor Harbor together with nearby Goolwa was 25,503[14]. Victor Harbor was declared a city in 2000. As a local government area, the City of Victor Harbor includes the surrounding rural area and the contiguous township of Encounter Bay as well as the town of Victor Harbor itself; its total area is 34,463 hectares. It shares boundaries with the District Council of Yankalilla and the Alexandrina Council. The city is in the state electoral district of Finniss and the federal Division of Mayo. AttractionsA popular site for visitors is Granite Island, which is connected to the mainland by a short tram/pedestrian causeway. The tram service is provided by the Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram, one of the very few horse-drawn tram routes remaining in public transit service. Granite island is home to a large colony of little penguins which are a popular attraction on the island. These penguins shelter on the island during the night, departing in the morning to hunt for fish before returning at sunset. Sadly this colony of penguins is now almost gone. At the last count in 2012, only seven were found. It is suspected that an increase in New Zealand fur seals in the area may be to blame, however incidents such as those in 1998 where locals apparently kicked several of them to death have also contributed.[15] The SteamRanger Heritage Railway runs train services, most notably The Cockle Train between Victor Harbor and Goolwa, along the Victor Harbor railway line. During the months of June to September, whale spotting is a popular attraction. Southern right whales come to the nearby waters to calve and to mate. The South Australian Whale Centre located at Victor Harbor provides hands-on interactive activities and presentations as well as information and whale watching tips.[16] Greenhills Adventure Park offered activities including: waterslides, canoes, rock wall climbing, archery, mini golf, and go-karting, however this attraction has since closed down. Victor Harbor is the centre of the surf zone known as the "South Coast" to Adelaide and local surfers. Popular surf beaches in the area include Parsons, Waitpinga, Middleton and Goolwa. The Granite Island breakwater usually shields the town from waves. Victor Harbor also offers numerous fishing opportunities varying from offshore reefs for larger boat based anglers to excellent surf fishing on the beaches closer to the Murray Mouth. MediaThe main newspaper printed locally is the Times (1987–). The newspaper was originally published as The Victor Harbor Times and Encounter Bay and Lower Murray Pilot, with the first edition published on Friday 23 August 1912.[17] On 16 May 1930, the title was briefly altered to Times Victor Harbor and Encounter Bay and Lower Murray Pilot,[18] and on 15 April 1932 until 31 December 1986 it was called Victor Harbor Times.[19] Other historical publications included the short-lived South Coast News (4- 25 June 1965), printed by A.H. Ambrose,[20] and its "successor", South Coast Sports News (20 June - 4 July 1969), printed by The Ambrose Press.[21] Festivals and eventsThis town hosts a three-day Schoolies Week festival in late November mainly for South Australian school leavers. Victor Harbor hosts the second largest Schoolies Week Festival in Australia after the Gold Coast, centering around official activities held by the organisation Encounter Youth in Warland Reserve.[22] The centre of the town is a dry zone and hosts various live music and other events for participants.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Another notable event is the Art Show run by the Lions and exhibits of paintings are shown from all over Australia. The event is during the summer holidays in January and has grown to become the largest and one of the most prestigious displays of its kind.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} ClimateVictor Harbor has a warm summer Mediterranean climate (Koppen:Csb).{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Summer average temperatures are significantly lower than most of the state, due largely to the sea breeze moderating temperatures and hot northerlies rarely extending past the hills north of the city.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} {{Weather box| width = auto | metric first = yes | single line = y | location = Victor Harbor (5m ASL) | Jan maximum humidex = | Feb maximum humidex = | Mar maximum humidex = | Apr maximum humidex = | May maximum humidex = | Jun maximum humidex = | Jul maximum humidex = | Aug maximum humidex = | Sep maximum humidex = | Oct maximum humidex = | Nov maximum humidex = | Dec maximum humidex = | year maximum humidex = | Jan record high C = 44.0 | Feb record high C = 43.0 | Mar record high C = 41.6 | Apr record high C = 35.5 | May record high C = 28.9 | Jun record high C = 24.6 | Jul record high C = 26.0 | Aug record high C = 26.7 | Sep record high C = 33.7 | Oct record high C = 38.0 | Nov record high C = 41.1 | Dec record high C = 42.0 | year record high C = 44.0 | Jan avg record high C = | Feb avg record high C = | Mar avg record high C = | Apr avg record high C = | May avg record high C = | Jun avg record high C = | Jul avg record high C = | Aug avg record high C = | Sep avg record high C = | Oct avg record high C = | Nov avg record high C = | Dec avg record high C = | year avg record high C = | Jan high C = 24.5 | Feb high C = 24.4 | Mar high C = 23.4 | Apr high C = 20.9 | May high C = 18.4 | Jun high C = 15.9 | Jul high C = 15.4 | Aug high C = 16.2 | Sep high C = 18.2 | Oct high C = 20.2 | Nov high C = 21.7 | Dec high C = 23.4 | year high C = 20.2 | Jan mean C = 19.8 | Feb mean C = 19.9 | Mar mean C = 18.8 | Apr mean C = 16.4 | May mean C = 14.3 | Jun mean C = 12.2 | Jul mean C = 11.6 | Aug mean C = 12.1 | Sep mean C = 13.6 | Oct mean C = 15.3 | Nov mean C = 17.0 | Dec mean C = 18.6 | year mean C = 15.8 | Jan low C = 15.1 | Feb low C = 15.3 | Mar low C = 14.2 | Apr low C = 11.9 | May low C = 10.1 | Jun low C = 8.4 | Jul low C = 7.7 | Aug low C = 8.0 | Sep low C = 9.0 | Oct low C = 10.4 | Nov low C = 12.2 | Dec low C = 13.8 | year low C = 11.3 | Jan avg record low C = | Feb avg record low C = | Mar avg record low C = | Apr avg record low C = | May avg record low C = | Jun avg record low C = | Jul avg record low C = | Aug avg record low C = | Sep avg record low C = | Oct avg record low C = | Nov avg record low C = | Dec avg record low C = | year avg record low C = | Jan record low C = 8.2 | Feb record low C = 8.8 | Mar record low C = 6.2 | Apr record low C = 3.2 | May record low C = 0.9 | Jun record low C = 0.0 | Jul record low C = 0.1 | Aug record low C = 1.5 | Sep record low C = 2.4 | Oct record low C = 2.9 | Nov record low C = 5.0 | Dec record low C = 7.3 | year record low C = 0.0 | Jan chill = | Feb chill = | Mar chill = | Apr chill = | May chill = | Jun chill = | Jul chill = | Aug chill = | Sep chill = | Oct chill = | Nov chill = | Dec chill = | year chill = | precipitation colour = | Jan precipitation mm = | Feb precipitation mm = | Mar precipitation mm = | Apr precipitation mm = | May precipitation mm = | Jun precipitation mm = | Jul precipitation mm = | Aug precipitation mm = | Sep precipitation mm = | Oct precipitation mm = | Nov precipitation mm = | Dec precipitation mm = | year precipitation mm = | Jan precipitation cm = | Feb precipitation cm = | Mar precipitation cm = | Apr precipitation cm = | May precipitation cm = | Jun precipitation cm = | Jul precipitation cm = | Aug precipitation cm = | Sep precipitation cm = | Oct precipitation cm = | Nov precipitation cm = | Dec precipitation cm = | year precipitation cm = | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 20.8 | Feb rain mm = 19.6 | Mar rain mm = 22.9 | Apr rain mm = 43.0 | May rain mm = 61.6 | Jun rain mm = 71.2 | Jul rain mm = 74.8 | Aug rain mm = 67.4 | Sep rain mm = 56.2 | Oct rain mm = 45.5 | Nov rain mm = 28.0 | Dec rain mm = 24.1 | year rain mm = 536.3 | Jan rain cm = | Feb rain cm = | Mar rain cm = | Apr rain cm = | May rain cm = | Jun rain cm = | Jul rain cm = | Aug rain cm = | Sep rain cm = | Oct rain cm = | Nov rain cm = | Dec rain cm = | year rain cm = | snow colour = | Jan snow mm = | Feb snow mm = | Mar snow mm = | Apr snow mm = | May snow mm = | Jun snow mm = | Jul snow mm = | Aug snow mm = | Sep snow mm = | Oct snow mm = | Nov snow mm = | Dec snow mm = | year snow mm = | Jan snow cm = | Feb snow cm = | Mar snow cm = | Apr snow cm = | May snow cm = | Jun snow cm = | Jul snow cm = | Aug snow cm = | Sep snow cm = | Oct snow cm = | Nov snow cm = | Dec snow cm = | year snow cm = | unit rain days = | Jan rain days = 4.5 | Feb rain days = 4.4 | Mar rain days = 6.4 | Apr rain days = 10.1 | May rain days = 13.7 | Jun rain days = 15.3 | Jul rain days = 16.5 | Aug rain days = 16.3 | Sep rain days = 13.6 | Oct rain days = 11.4 | Nov rain days = 7.8 | Dec rain days = 6.5 | year rain days = 126.5 | unit snow days = | Jan snow days = | Feb snow days = | Mar snow days = | Apr snow days = | May snow days = | Jun snow days = | Jul snow days = | Aug snow days = | Sep snow days = | Oct snow days = | Nov snow days = | Dec snow days = | year snow days = | humidity colour = green | time day = 3pm | daily = | Jan humidity = 60 | Feb humidity = 60 | Mar humidity = 62 | Apr humidity = 62 | May humidity = 66 | Jun humidity = 69 | Jul humidity = 67 | Aug humidity = 63 | Sep humidity = 63 | Oct humidity = 59 | Nov humidity = 57 | Dec humidity = 61 | year humidity = 62 | Jan afthumidity = | Feb afthumidity = | Mar afthumidity = | Apr afthumidity = | May afthumidity = | Jun afthumidity = | Jul afthumidity = | Aug afthumidity = | Sep afthumidity = | Oct afthumidity = | Nov afthumidity = | Dec afthumidity = | year afthumidity = | Jan sun = | Feb sun = | Mar sun = | Apr sun = | May sun = | Jun sun = | Jul sun = | Aug sun = | Sep sun = | Oct sun = | Nov sun = | Dec sun = | year sun = | Jand sun = | Febd sun = | Mard sun = | Aprd sun = | Mayd sun = | Jund sun = | Juld sun = | Augd sun = | Sepd sun = | Octd sun = | Novd sun = | Decd sun = | yeard sun = | Jan percentsun = | Feb percentsun = | Mar percentsun = | Apr percentsun = | May percentsun = | Jun percentsun = | Jul percentsun = | Aug percentsun = | Sep percentsun = | Oct percentsun = | Nov percentsun = | Dec percentsun = | year percentsun = | source = Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology[23] }} References1. ^{{cite web|title= Victor Harbor, South Australia|url= http://www.postcodes-australia.com/areas/sa/adelaide/victor+harbor|publisher=Postcodes Australia|accessdate=2 August 2015}} 2. ^1 {{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC41489|name=Victor Harbor (State Suburb)|accessdate=20 April 2018|quick=on}} 3. ^{{cite web|title= Fleurieu Kangaroo Island SA Government region |url= http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/21612/Fleurieu_Kangaroo_Island_SA_Government_region.pdf |publisher=The Government of South Australia|accessdate=17 April 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=District of Finniss Background Profile|url=http://www.ecsa.sa.gov.au/component/edocman/?task=document.download&id=549&Itemid=0|publisher=ELECTORAL COMMISSION SA|accessdate=2 August 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Federal electoral division of Mayo, boundary gazetted 16 December 2011|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/sa/files/2011/2011-aec-a4-map-sa-mayo.pdf |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=2 August 2015}} 6. ^HMS Victor, 1814, Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels, www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900 7. ^South Australian State Gazeteer 8. ^{{cite web|title=Why is Victor Harbor spelt without the 'u'?|url=http://www.victor.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=295|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312075338/http://www.victor.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=295|archivedate=2011-03-12}} 9. ^http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?c=8786 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article96949088 |title=LANDING THE ENGLISH MAILS AT PORT VICTOR. |newspaper=Southern Argus (Port Elliot, SA : 1866 - 1954) |location=Port Elliot, SA |date=12 September 1901 |accessdate=20 July 2013 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} 11. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Walker|first1=Terry|title=Fast Tracks - Australia's Motor Racing Circuits: 1904-1995|date=1995|publisher=Turton & Armstrong|location=Wahroonga, NSW|isbn=0908031556|page=170}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Galpin|first1=Darren|title=Victor Harbor|url=http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/tracks/victorha.html|website=GEL Motorsport Information Page|accessdate=1 April 2016}} 13. ^Victor Harbor Urban Growth Management Strategy 2008–2030 prepared by Nolan Rumsby Planners 14. ^{{Census 2016 AUS|id=4007|name=Victor Harbor - Goolwa (SUA)|accessdate=20 April 2018|quick=on}} 15. ^{{Cite news|title = Island security under review|url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article196682393|newspaper = Times|date = 25 June 1998|access-date = 17 August 2015|pages = 1}} 16. ^South Australian Whale Centre Accessed 3 September 2012. 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/830|title=The Victor Harbor Times and Encounter Bay and Lower Murray Pilot (SA : 1912 - 1930)|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2018-02-24}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/831|title=Times Victor Harbour and Encounter Bay and Lower Murray Pilot (SA : 1930 - 1932)|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2018-02-24}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/832|title=Victor Harbour Times (SA : 1932 - 1986)|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2018-02-24}} 20. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au/record=b2744097~S7|title=South Coast news [newspaper: microform]|date=1965|publisher=A.H. Ambrose|location=Victor Harbour, S. Aust}} 21. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au/record=b2744098~S7|title=South Coast sports news [newspaper: microform]|date=1969|publisher=The Ambrose Press|location=Victor Harbor, S. Aust}} 22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.encounteryouth.com.au/schoolies-festival/|title=Schoolies Festival™ Victor Harbor {{!}} Encounter Youth|work=Encounter Youth|access-date=2018-09-11|language=en-US}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023751_All.shtml |title=Climate Data Online for Victor Harbor (Weather station closed 01 Apr 2002) |publisher=Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology|access-date=January 14, 2018 }} Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}{{wikivoyage|Victor Harbor}}
5 : Ports and harbours of South Australia|Cities in South Australia|Coastal towns in South Australia|Fleurieu Peninsula|Australian Grand Prix |
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