| 词条 | Abu Amra Kaysan |
| 释义 |
Abū ʿAmra Kaysān was a prominent Persian mawlā (pl. mawālī; non-Arab convert to Islam in early caliphate history) during the Second Muslim Civil War. Kaysan converted to Islam after the Muslim conquest of Persia and became a mawlā affiliated with the Urayna clan of the Arab tribe of Bajila.[1] Early on, Kaysan allied himself with the Alid cause. He ultimately became a leader of the mawālī faction in the pro-Alid movement of al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi (685–687 CE), serving as the head of the latter's personal guard.[1][2] Kaysan was chosen for this role either due to the high level of trust al-Mukhtar placed in him or Kaysan's significant influence among the mawalī of Kufa.[3] He was among the handful of al-Mukhtar's loyalists who secured the support of the prominent leader Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar for the pro-Alid movement.[3] Kaysan also oversaw the punishments of the Arab nobles of Kufa, where al-Mukhtar was based, including Umar ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, for their participation in the events surrounding the killing of Ali's son al-Husayn in 680.[3] His reputation was such that a common expression, "Abu Amra has visited him", was used by the Kufan nobles to refer to anyone who was stripped of their wealth.[3] His fate is not precisely known but he may have died during the battle of Madhar, in which he again commanded the mawalī of al-Mukhtar's army, in mid-686 since there is no post-battle mention of him in the sources.[4] The extinct Shia sect, the Kaysanites, is most likely named after Kaysan,[1][3][5] although there are other opinions about the origin of the term as well. References1. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Anthony|first1=Sean W.|title=The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Saba' and the Origins of Shi'ism|date=2012|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-20930-5|pages=283–284|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yl1dJUUWZvIC&pg=PA283}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Hawting|first=G. R |year= 2002|author-link=G. R. Hawting|title=The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNiAAgAAQBAJ|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-55059-3}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{EI2|article=Kaysān|last=Dixon|first=A. A.|volume=4|page=836}} 4. ^{{cite book|last= Dixon|first=ʹAbd al-Ameer ʹAbd|year=1971|title=The Umayyad Caliphate, 65-86/684-705: (a Political Study)|page=71|publisher=Luzac|location=London|url=https://books.google.de/books/about/The_Umayyad_Caliphate_65_86_684_705.html?id=GiPNl429iuEC|isbn=978-0718901493}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Suleiman|first= Yasir|author-link=Yasir Suleiman|year=2010|title=Living Islamic History: Studies in Honour of Professor Carole Hillenbrand|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRirBgAAQBAJ|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-4219-9}} 3 : People of the Second Fitna|Iraq under the Umayyad Caliphate|7th-century Iranian people |
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