1. History
    Foundation  19th Century  20th Century 

2. Tradition
     Houses    House Flags  

3. Notable alumni
    Victoria Cross holders  

4. Principals
    George Stanley Farnell    List of Headmasters  

5. See also

6. References
    Footnotes  Bibliography 

7. External links

Victoria College is a fee-paying, state-funded, day school for boys in St Helier, Jersey. Although the school is state-owned, it is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) which is one of the traditional definitions of a public school. The castellated neo-gothic architecture is a landmark overlooking the town.

History

Foundation

Following the visit of Queen Victoria to Jersey in 1846, the merits of a private college for the instruction of Jersey's male youth were recognized. The grounds of the Mount Pleasant property were purchased to provide a site for the building. The architect J. C. Buckler was selected for the project,but as a result of unacceptable budget over-runs, he was replaced by John Hayward of Exeter. Hayward's Gothic Revival design, a tall medieval hall framed with hexagonal turrets, is predominantly faced in grey and pink granite with sandstone tracery.

The foundation stone of the new college was laid with great ceremony on Victoria's birthday, 24 May 1850. Most shops in Saint Helier closed for the day and 12,000 spectators were estimated to have attended the occasion. A military parade crossed the town of Saint Helier to the site of the ceremony, followed shortly afterwards by the members of the States of Jersey who adjourned the legislative sitting to attend. The Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey joined the dignitaries at the Temple in the grounds of the site. The Bailiff of Jersey laid in the foundations a box containing copies of the Acts of the States relating to the college, Jersey coins, and two medallions, one of silver, the other of bronze, depicting the arrival of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in Jersey in 1846, and a copper plate engraved with an inscription of the date of the founding of the college and the names of States Members, Officers of the Royal Court and the architect. With the foundation stone, carved with Masonic symbols, in place, the Lieutenant-Governor ceremonially laid the stone by striking it with a trowel. All the Members of the States in turn then proceeded to tap the stone with a mallet three times.^[5]

The college was opened on 29 September 1852 with 98 students enrolled,^[6] rising to 125 on 1 October 1852.^[7] The opening ceremony once again involved a military parade. The Lieutenant-Governor and the States of Jersey again assembled in the Temple and processed to the Great Hall where the Bailiff addressed the audience. He recalled the Royal visit of 1846 and stated that the intention of memorialising that visit had inspired the construction of a college for the instruction of youth and of promenades for the recreation of the public. He stated that the interest shown by the Queen and the Prince in the college had led them to present two portraits. The Lieutenant-Governor then formally presented the portraits of the royal couple which were unveiled. The quality of the portraits, copies of Winterhalter, was criticised in the press.^[7] The initial uniform consisted of jacket, waistcoat and trousers in black or dark green, and a cap of the same colour.^[6]

19th Century

Although French was still the sole official language in Jersey, and indeed speeches at the inaugural ceremonies had been in French,^[7] the new college was consciously patterned after the English public schools. The medium of instruction was English from the beginning and was, therefore, one of the causes for the decline of French as the élite sent their sons to the new college.

Queen Victoria visited the college on her return to Jersey in 1859. The British monarch remains Visitor of the college, visiting as recently as 2002. In the 1860s, the ancient grammar schools of Saint-Mannelier and Saint Anastase closed and their endowments were later used to fund scholarships at Victoria College.

20th Century

The college was controlled by the Assembly of Governor, Bailiff and Jurats until 1921 when the States took over the assets of that Assembly (including the college) along with most of its powers. The Governing body now consists of a board of Governors, some States appointed, others taken from parents of current pupils. In 1911, the main building of 1852 was supplemented with a new quadrangle to provide extra classrooms designed by local architect, Edmund Berteau. The WWI memorial, a statue of Sir Galahad (1924) by Alfred Turner with a quotation from Tennyson, stands in the new quadrangle. The WWII memorial in the form of a plaque is located inside the main building, at the bottom of the central staircase. Every Remembrance day the College holds a service to commemorate the pupils who died in the two wars, placing a wreath of poppies at the base of both the statue and the plaque.

In 1935, the Howard Hall, built with the benefactions of T.B. Davis to commemorate his son, Howard Davis, who died during World War I, was opened by the Prince of Wales. Davis had set up the Howard Leopold Davis scholarship trust in Jersey. One of this educational trust's provisions was that it should benefit boys who, like he, had attended an elementary school. The majority of boys benefiting from this trust went to Victoria College and a number went up to Cambridge or Oxford. In 1934 Davis decided he wanted his old friend, John St Helier Lander, a Jersey artist, to paint a portrait of King George V, to commemorate the endowment of the scholarship. When the commission was complete, the artist and Davis visited the College to discuss where the portrait might be hung. When Davis discovered there was no room remaining in the College's great hall he decided to build another hall for the school. On 18 October 1934 Davis and his wife laid the foundation stone to Howard Hall. It was built of granite from Ouaisné and matched the gothic style of the older Victoria College buildings. Inside there was seating for 238, almost exactly the number of boys at school when the building was opened. The paneling and woodwork were of teak, and the clock an exact replica of that at the Greenwich Observatory. On 23 July 1935 the Prince of Wales came to Jersey to open the Hall and unveil the portrait of King George V. The Hall was refurbished in 1996 and now exists as the Howard Davis Theatre where numerous types of drama are performed by the pupils.

During the German occupation of Jersey during the Second World War, the college was commandeered for the Reichsarbeitsdienst.^[8] College House, a boarding house attached to Victoria College, was used by the occupying German army for the Feldkommandantur as military headquarters during World War II. It was subsequently incorporated into the new Jersey College for Girls building when that institution moved to a site adjacent to Victoria College. Despite some initial opposition from staff and parents at Victoria College to this development, the pupils of both schools now share Design and Art facilities.

The College's 125th anniversary was commemorated by Jersey Post in 1977 with an issue of stamps on 29 September 1977.^[9] In the late 1990s, the school was engulfed in a scandal as a teacher, A.J. Dykes, was accused and sentenced for six counts of indecent assault and one count of possession of an indecent photograph of a child. The headmaster, J. Hydes, resigned as a result of the handling of issue.^[10] The Sharp Report, completed as a result of the issue^[11] reviewing the case noted that "The handling of the complaint was more consistent with protecting a member of staff and the college's reputation in the short-term than safeguarding the best interests of the pupil."^[12] As a result, firmer guidelines on child protection were implemented under the new headmaster, R. G. Cook.

Tradition

Houses

In the style of the English public school system, the school operates on a house system. The house system was first introduced in 1904. Houses were based on the geographical provenance of the boys. The sizes of the houses were very unequal, with School House (the boarders) being much smaller than the others. In 1912 the boundaries of the catchment areas for the town and country houses were adjusted, but the geographical system was replaced in 1919 by a new house system based on numerical parity.^[13] The new system had four houses, each named after former pupils distinguished for their military service in the first and second World Wars. The four houses were named Braithwaite, Dunlop, Bruce and Sartorious, the latter two receiving the Victoria Cross for their actions in war. In 2002, a fifth house, Diarmid, was added in recognition of the Victoria Cross winner.

House Flags

Robert G. Cook, Head Master from 2000–10, introduced a new house flag system.^[14] At the beginning of each month, a flag on the turrets of Victoria College is changed according to the successes of houses at certain events. The flag bears the colour of the house.

Notable alumni

Past students of Victoria College, Jersey are referred to as Old Victorians.

Victoria Cross holders

Five Old Victorians have been awarded the Victoria Cross.

• Victoria Cross
  • Umbeyla Campaign
  • Lieutenant Henry William Pitcher, VC. He later achieved the rank of Captain. (1841–1875)^[15]
  • First Ashanti Expedition
  • Major Reginald William Sartorius, VC, CMG. He later achieved the rank of Major General. (1841–1907) ^[16]
  • Second Afghan War
  • Captain Euston Henry Sartorius, VC, CB. He later achieved the rank of Major General. (1844–1925)^[16]
  • First World War
  • Lieutenant William Arthur McCrae Bruce, VC. (1890–1914) ^[17]
  • Captain Allastair Malcolm Cluny McReady-Diarmid, VC. (1888–1917)^[18]

The Sartorius brothers are noted for being one of only five pairs of brothers to have won the Victoria Cross.

Principals

The school's first headmaster, William Henderson, was born in 1819, the eldest son of Admiral George Henderson. He was a Demy (Scholar) at Magdalen College, Oxford. Academically, Henderson was awarded the Chancellor's Latin Essay Prize in 1842 and the Ellerton Theological Prize in 1843. In 1845, shortly after his ordination, he was appointed Headmaster of Magdalen College School, but a year later accepted a Tutorship at Durham University. After one session as Principal of Hatfield Hall, Henderson went as Headmaster to Victoria College and remained there for ten years. This employment was followed by 22 years as Headmaster of Leeds Grammar School whence he was translated to the Deanery of Carlisle. There he remained for a further 21 years, until his death in 1905.^[19]

George Stanley Farnell

In November 1893 headmaster George Stanley Farnell was arrested and charged with assault following an incident in which he beat, by means of a cane, a 17-year-old student. On 5 December 1893 the magistrate heard evidence from the prosecuting Centenier, a doctor, the student's father, and the student himself, among others. The doctor gave evidence of the severity of the beating. The magistrate decided that since the student's father had been assured that corporal punishment would not be inflicted, there could be no justification in law for the caning, especially given that the student was not a child but of military age. He reprimanded the defendant, bound the headmaster over to act with less severity in future and released him.^[20] The headmaster's cane was confiscated by the court.^[21] This case sparked controversy. The use of corporal punishment at the college was represented among French speakers as an imposition of English culture and an attack on the liberties of the Jerseyman as enjoyed up until then at the college.^[22] The introduction of corporal punishment to Jersey on the model of English public schools was contrasted with the absence of such punishments in French schools.^[23] The magistrate's decision was attacked by the Solicitor-General. The governing body (of which the Solicitor-General was a member) supported the headmaster, who was able to produce a petition signed by his students, supporting the continued use of corporal punishment. All this was in contrast to the tradition established by the first headmaster, Dr Henderson, who had never resorted to the cane.^[24] The Constable of Saint Helier (also a member of the governing body) immediately lodged an amendment to the law on compulsory education then under debate, to outlaw corporal punishment in schools subsidised by the States.^[25] On 8 January 1894 the States debated the amendment. The Constable of Saint Helier stated that he had felt obliged to put forward the amendment in the light of the recent incident at Victoria College, and that corporal punishment was a barbaric relic. The amendment was rejected by 14 votes to 12.^[26]

On 4 November 1895 Farnell went out for a coastal walk in the west of Jersey, it being half-term holiday at the College. The alarm was raised when he had not returned home by midnight, and at 7 a.m. the next morning search parties were sent out, including boys from the College. Farnell's disfigured body, showing signs of having been in the water for a length of time, was discovered in Saint Ouen below Plémont by late morning.^[27] The body was discovered by two Victoria College students, Charles Organ and Reginald Beale. The inquest returned a verdict of accidental death.^[28]

List of Headmasters

On the front of the main school building, Below the battlements, the heads of former headmasters can be seen in the form of gargoyles overlooking the college lawn. As there were not enough headmasters for all the gargoyles, the headmasters are accompanied by random gurning faces.

See also

• List of schools in Jersey
• List of Victoria Crosses by School

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

• Buildings in the Town and Parish of Saint Helier, CEB Brett, 1977
• Victoria College, Jersey, 1852–1972, Cottrill, D.J., Phillimore & Co Ltd, ISBN / EAN: 0850332850
• The Devenport Years 1967–1991, Stephen Lucas, 2002, ASIN: B0019ZPUKU

External links

• {{Official website|http://www.vcj.sch.je/ }}
• A Short History 1852–1928 by E.C. Cooper
• College Activities 1852–1928 by E.C. Cooper
• A Short History 1929–1956 by J.S. Rowley
• A Short History of Victoria College: 1972–1979 by A.M. Bellows

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