| 词条 | Abul Hasan Hankari |
| 释义 |
| image = | region = Hankar (Mosul), Iraq Abbasid Caliphate(Baghdad)/(Jerusalem)/(Damascus) | era = Islamic Golden Age | name = Abul Hasan Ali bin Mohammad Qureshi Hankari {{lang|ar|ا بوالحسن ہنکاری}} | title = Shaikh ul Islam | birth_name = Abu al-Hassan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hankari | birth_date = 409 AH, 1018 CE | birth_place = Hankar village, Mosul Iraq | death_date = 1st Moharram 486 AH, 1 February 1093 CE | death_place = Baghdad |denomination = Sunni Islam |jurisprudence = |creed = | main_interests = Sufism, theology, philosophy, logic, Islamic jurisprudence | major_works = | influences = His Murshid Mohammad Yousaf Abu al-Farah Tartusi | influenced = His Khalifah and heir Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi others:Al-Ghazali Avicenna Imam Behqi Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani }}Abul Hasan Hankari ({{lang-ar|ا بوالحسن ہنکاری}})[1] Abu Al Hasan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hankari (born in 409 Hijri, in the town of Hankar), town of Mosul (city of northern Iraq, some 400 km north of Baghdad), died 1st Moharram 486 AH (1 February 1093 C.E), in Baghdad,[2] (1077–1166 CE), was a Muslim mystic[3] also renowned as one of the most influential Muslim scholar, philosopher, theologian and jurist of his time and Sufi based in Hankar.[4] BiographyHe got education from his father. He was a man acquainted with the hidden secrets and was known for his Karamats. He would fast for 3 consecutive days and complete 2 whole Quran between Isha and Tahajjud. He devoutly stayed in worship day and night. He had the habit of practicing excessive religious exercises and recitals. He traveled across many countries to get religious knowledge. From Rome to Spain to Harmain, etc. he met numerous scholars and shaikhs from whom he began to receive instruction in Fiqh and muhaddiths from whom he memorized ahadith by heart. He even met Shaikh Abu al-Layla Misri and heard hadith from him. All Hafiz (memorizers of Quran), Muhaddiths (narrators of Hadiths), Qaries (reciters of Quran with correct accent and pronunciation) are given a chain of credible narrators linking to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[5] He gained exoteric and esoteric education from the most prominent and influential scholars of his time. He even got spiritual beneficence from Bayazid Bastami. After sometime, he went back to his homeland. Hence, the people around him gave him a lot of respect and he gained fame. He earned the title of Shaikh-ul-Islam due to the unmatched religious knowledge and beneficence of the time. Countless seekers of Allah benefitted from him as he was an Arif Kamil. He was the Imam of Shariat and Tariqat of his time. He wore the khirqa of khilafat from Mohammad Yousaf Abu al-Farah Tartusi who was the Qutb of that time.[6] The period between the 11th and 14th centuries is considered to be the "Golden Age" of Arabic and Islamic philosophy by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he has an important role to play in it as he was one of those early Sufis who brought logic into the Islamic seminary.[7][8] Ancestral lineageAbul Hasan Hankari bin yusaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Abdul wahab bin ameer zaid bin imam Muhammad Harris bin ameer ul momineen Ali al murtaza karma ullah wagihul kareem bin abi talib bin abu mutalib bin hashim bin abdul manaf His descendants later spread to the State of Bahawalpur, Azalah, Jhang, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Faisalabad, Lahore, etc.[9] Saintly LineageThe spiritual heritage of Faqr was passed on to Abul Hasan Hankari though the silsila of Junaid al-Baghdadi which makes him a spiritual descendant of the Islamic prophet Mohammad in the following order:[10][11]
The Murshid of Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi spent 18 years at the service of Abul Hasan Hankari and led the silsila after him.[12][13] StudentsAbu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi was the khalifa-e-akbar (senior spiritual successor)[14]Tahir (son of Abul Hasan Hankari) was khalifa-e-asghar (junior spiritual successor) [15][16][17]InfluencedAbul Hasan Hankari influenced a lot of scholars and Islamic scholars alike most of whom have a notable name in the history such as:
DeathHe died on 1st Moharram 486 H, 1 February 1093 CE during the Abbassid Caliphate. His shrine is the village of Hankar, Baghdad.[15] Further reading
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Names|url= http://muqtadaria.com/dqcnm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=194&Itemid=190 }} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hankari, Abul Hasan}}2. ^The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah. 3. ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69. 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Muhammad Riyaz Qadri|first1=Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani|title=Mystical Discourses of Ghaus-e-Azam|publisher=Abbasi Publications|isbn=9789698510213}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Names |first1=Tawassul of Qadiriyya |title=The spiritual genealogy from the Prophet Mohammad till Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani |url=http://www.yanabi.com/index.php?/topic/211660-history-of-ghauth-al-azam-hazrat-shaikh-abdul-qadir-al-jilani-radiyallahuanh/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925092141/http://www.yanabi.com/index.php?%2Ftopic%2F211660-history-of-ghauth-al-azam-hazrat-shaikh-abdul-qadir-al-jilani-radiyallahuanh%2F |archivedate=25 September 2015 }} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Francis Burton|first1=Sir Richard|title=Lineage of khilafat from Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani to Muhammed (Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah, Volume 2)|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=9780486212180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JnOjC-r2GbwC&pg=PA331&dq=abu+al+hasan+hankari&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCgQ6AEwA2oVChMI57PjuKaPyAIViYssCh3lxwcs#v=onepage&q=abu%20al%20hasan%20hankari&f=false}} 7. ^{{cite web|author=Tony Street|title=Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Language and Logic|publisher=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-language|accessdate=2008-12-05}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Burton|first1=Richard|title=Specimen of a Murshid's Diploma, in the Kadiri Order of the Mystic Craft Al-Tasawwuf|url=https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/b/burton/richard/b97p/appendix3.html}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Riyaz Qadri|first1=Muhammad|title=Ilhamat-e-Ghaus-e-Azam : Hazrat Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani (R.A.)|publisher=Abbasi Publications}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Sult̤ān Bāhū|title=Death Before Dying: The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GlECx1j0B4IC|year=1998|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-92046-0}} 11. ^{{cite book|title= Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah, Volume 2 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JnOjC-r2GbwC&pg=PA331&lpg=PA331&dq=abu+al+hasan+hankari&source=bl&ots=k43lVNpG-T&sig=P5oB8FQHPXhhlR_BF5CPr_pCp6o&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=abu%20al%20hasan%20hankari&f=false|work= Courier Corporation|location=Lahore, Pakistan|first= Sir Richard|last= Francis Burton |isbn= 9780486212180}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=spiritual golden chain|url=http://www.cifiaglobal.com/shabdulqadirjeelani.htm}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Mohammad Najib ur Rehman|first1=Hazrat Sakhi Sultan|title=Sultan-Bahoo-The-Life-and-Teachings|publisher=Sultan ul Faqr Publications Regd.|isbn=9789699795183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlyMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=abu+al+hassan+hankari&source=bl&ots=XhhqoIAEoV&sig=hhODsF7x4nXY4Sn--KriL5yqFFY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBmoVChMI3tat6KWQyAIVg5IsCh1eygVp#v=onepage&q=abu%20al%20hassan%20hankari&f=false}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.auliasworld.com/2011/07/hazrat-sheikh-abdul-qadir-jilani-ra.html|title=AwliyasWorld}} 15. ^1 Tazkira Mashaikh Qadria Rizvia 16. ^Zikr Hasan Allama Ghulam Dastgeer 17. ^Al-Darul Munzim Fi Manaqib Ghaus-ul-Azam 18. ^{{cite web|title=Ghazali, al-|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/al-Ghazali.aspx|work=The Columbia Encyclopedia|accessdate=17 December 2012}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45755/Avicenna |title=Avicenna (Persian philosopher and scientist) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=2012-01-07}} 20. ^Imam Bayhaqi 21. ^{{cite book |last1=Gibb |first1=H.A.R. |last2=Kramers |first2=J.H. |last3=Levi-Provencal |first3=E. |last4=Schacht |first4=J. |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition) |volume=Volume I (A-B) |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden, Netherlands |date=1986 |origyear=1st. pub. 1960 |isbn=9004081143 |page=1130}} 22. ^S.H. Nasr, "Iran" in History of Humanity: From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, edited by Sigfried J. de Laet, M. A. Al-Bakhit, International Commission for a History of the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind History of mankind, L. Bazin, S. M. Cissco. Published by Taylor & Francis US, 2000. pg 368 7 : 1018 births|1093 deaths|Islamic Golden Age|Muslim theologians|People from Mosul|Iraqi Sufi saints|Hashemite people |
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