| 词条 | Victoria, Labuan |
| 释义 |
| official_name = Victoria | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Labuan Financial Park - 01.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = The financial park in Victoria. | image_flag = | image_seal = | pushpin_map = Malaysia East | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Borneo | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Federal Territories | subdivision_name = {{flagu|Malaysia}} | subdivision_name1 = {{flagu|Labuan}} | established_title = Formed during NBCC | established_date = 1946 | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_note = | timezone = MST | utc_offset = +8 | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | coordinates = {{coord|5|17|N|115|14|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 87xxx | area_code = 087 | website = | footnotes = }} Victoria ({{IPA-may|vikˈtɔriˈa|ms}}) or Victoria Town ({{lang-ms|Bandar Victoria}}) is the capital of the Federal Territory of Labuan in Malaysia, an island group off the north coast of Borneo. It is in the southeast corner of Labuan and its Malay name, "Bandar Labuan" is more commonly used by the locals than Victoria. The town is an urban district within the wider city limits of Victoria which includes Labuan Port, a sheltered deep-water harbour which is an important trans-shipment point for Brunei Darussalam, northern Sarawak and western Sabah. HistorySince the 15th century, the town area including other parts of Labuan were under the Bruneian Empire.[1][2][3] Its history dates back to the time when the island was ceded by Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II to the British.[1][4][5] Rodney Mundy, a British naval officer, later visited the island under the name of Queen Victoria.[1][6][7] The island was then occupied by Japan from 3 January 1942 until June 1945 and governed as part of the Northern Borneo military unit by the Japanese 37th Army.[1][8] During the Battle of Labuan it was liberated by the 9th Division of Australian Imperial Force on 10 June 1945 and placed under a British Military Administration until 15 July 1946, when it was incorporated into North Borneo Crown Colony.[1] During this time, the Crown Colony government re-established much of the infrastructure that had been destroyed during the war.[9][10] The island later became part of the state of Sabah and Malaysia in 1963 before the state government of Sabah ceded the island to the federal government in 1984.[1] It was declared an international offshore financial centre and free trade zone in 1990 to assist the development of Victoria.[1][11] EconomyThe major products produced on Labuan and exported through Labuan Port include copra, rubber and sago.[12] The port is on a natural deep-water bay where large vessels can anchor as it is sheltered from typhoons. Vessels received include containers, bulk, and general cargoes. The main jetty is 244 metres long with an alongside depth of 8.5 metres and it can accommodate vessels to 16,000 DWT. The wharf has four berths. There are about 15,600 m² available in open storage, two warehouses and a container yard. A 10,000 m² yard and warehouses are available outside the port. Its capacity is 100,000 TEUs of containerised cargo per annum. Five private jetties are installed: the Shell Jetty that specialises in petroleum; the Iron Ore Jetty; the Methanol Jetty; and two offshore wheat and maize jetties called the Asian Supply Base Jetty and the Sabah Flour Mill Jetty.[12] Victoria's Financial Park along Jalan Merdeka houses offshore teams of international banks, insurance and trust companies. Victoria is an offshore support hub for deepwater oil and gas activities in the region. In 2012, Victoria had a population of over 85,000 with nearly half of those coming from elsewhere in Malaysia and from Brunei Darussalam. It has a 1,500-seat convention hall adjoining a large shopping mall; these form a modern complex which enhances Victoria's status among International Offshore Financial Centres. ClimateVictoria, Labuan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af), which is true for virtually all of Malaysia due to its close proximity near the equator, with constantly high temperatures and abundant rainfall over the course of the year. Like all cities and town with this climate, there is no dry season and the temperature in the city averages 26.9 °C, while the average annual rainfall is 2207 mm. {{Weather box|location = Victoria |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high F = 86 |Feb high F = 86 |Mar high F = 87 |Apr high F = 89 |May high F = 89 |Jun high F = 88 |Jul high F = 88 |Aug high F =88 |Sep high F = 87 |Oct high F = 87 |Nov high F =87 |Dec high F = 86 |year high F = 87 |Jan low F = 76 |Feb low F = 76 |Mar low F = 76 |Apr low F = 76 |May low F = 76 |Jun low F = 76 |Jul low F = 77 |Aug low F = 76 |Sep low F = 76 |Oct low F = 76 |Nov low F = 76 |Dec low F = 76 |year low F = 76 |Jan precipitation inch = 4.4 |Feb precipitation inch =4.6 |Mar precipitation inch = 5.9 |Apr precipitation inch = 11.7 |May precipitation inch = 13.6 |Jun precipitation inch = 13.8 |Jul precipitation inch = 12.5 |Aug precipitation inch = 11.7 |Sep precipitation inch = 16.4 |Oct precipitation inch = 18.3 |Nov precipitation inch = 16.5 |Dec precipitation inch = 11.2 |year precipitation inch = 140.6 |source 1 = Weatherbase[13] |date=November 2011 }} International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia#Victoria, Labuan (Bandar Labuan)|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia}}Sister cityVictoria currently has one sister city: References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|author1=Stephen R. Evans|author2=Abdul Rahman Zainal|author3=Rod Wong Khet Ngee|title=The History of Labuan Island (Victoria Island)|url=http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/Batch3/B03_PDF_DVD001/15%20sep/M959.521EVAHistoryOfLabuanVictoriaIsland.pdf|year=1996|publisher=Calendar Print Pte Ltd|format=PDF|isbn=981-00-7764-5|access-date=16 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701160652/http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/Batch3/B03_PDF_DVD001/15%20sep/M959.521EVAHistoryOfLabuanVictoriaIsland.pdf|archive-date=1 July 2013|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} {{Labuan}}2. ^{{cite book|author=R. W. McColl|title=Encyclopedia of World Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA123|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3|pages=123–}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Carlos Ramirez-Faria|title=Concise Encyclopeida of World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA97|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0775-5|pages=97–}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ubd.edu.bn/academic/faculty/FASS/staff/docs/BAH/revival.pdf|title=Brunei Revival of 1906 (A Popular History) – The Surrender of Labuan and The First Brunei-British Treaty|publisher=Universiti Brunei Darussalam|work=Brunei Press Sdn Bhd|date=2006|accessdate=29 April 2014|author=B.A. Hussainmiya|pages=12/34|location=Bandar Seri Begawan|isbn=99917-32-15-2|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912112209/http://www.ubd.edu.bn/academic/faculty/FASS/staff/docs/BAH/revival.pdf|archive-date=12 September 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ttc.edu.sg/csca/rart_doc/treacher1891.pdf|title=British Borneo: Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan and North Borneo|publisher=Trinity Theological College|work=University of California Libraries|date=1891|accessdate=29 April 2014|author=W. H. Treacher, C.M.G. M.A. Oxon|pages=12 / Chapter VI. Pages 84–92|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011213647/http://www.ttc.edu.sg/csca/rart_doc/treacher1891.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2013|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Sabah. Jawatankuasa Penerbitan Perayaan Sabah 100 Tahun|title=Sejarah Sabah dalam gambar (1881–1981)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=na9GAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|language=Malay|publisher=Jawatankuasa Penerbitan Perayaan Sabah 100 Tahun}} 7. ^{{cite book|author1=Stephen R. Evans|author2=Abdul Rahman Zainal|author3=Rod Wong Khet Ngee|title=The history of Labuan Island (Victoria Island)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dd9uAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Calendar Print Pte Ltd|isbn=978-981-00-7764-8}} 8. ^{{cite book|author1=T. A. Edwin Gibson|author2=G. Kingsley Ward|title=Courage remembered: the story behind the construction and maintenance of the Commonwealth's military cemeteries and memorials of the wars of 1914–1918 and 1939–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dm7xAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=McClelland & Stewart|isbn=978-0-7710-8786-8}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Keat Gin Ooi|title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA1177|date=1 January 2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-770-2|pages=1177–}} 10. ^{{cite book|title=Dewan budaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grRuAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|language=Malay|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?rp=19|title=Chapter 8: Labuan International Offshore Financial Centre|publisher=Bank Negara Malaysia|accessdate=1 May 2014|quote=Labuan was declared as an International Offshore Financial Centre (IOFC) in October 1990 to complement the activities of the domestic financial market in Kuala Lumpur, strengthen the contribution of financial services to Gross National Products of Malaysia as well as develop the island and areas within its vicinity.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033011/http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?rp=19|archive-date=2 May 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^1 WPS – Labuan Port. Retrieved 26 January 2014. 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=56469&refer=wikipedia|title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Victoria, Malaysia|publisher=Weatherbase|year=2011|accessdate=24 November 2011}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=116880|title=Labuan to twin with Xianning|author=Sohan Das|publisher=Daily Express|accessdate=4 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404085928/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=116880|archivedate=4 April 2017|deadurl=yes}} 1 : Labuan |
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