| 词条 | Victor Turner |
| 释义 |
Victor Witter Turner (28 May 1920 – 18 December 1983) was a British cultural anthropologist best known for his work on symbols, rituals, and rites of passage. His work, along with that of Clifford Geertz and others, is often referred to as symbolic and interpretive anthropology. Early lifeVictor Turner was born in Glasgow, Scotland, son to Norman and Violet Turner. His father was an electrical engineer and his mother a repertory actress, who founded the Scottish National Players. Turner initially studied poetry and classics at the University College London. In 1941, Turner was drafted into World War II, and served as a noncombatant until 1944. During his three years of service he met and married Edith Brocklesby Davis, who was serving during the war as a "land girl". Their five children include scientist Robert Turner, poet Frederick Turner, and Rory Turner, an anthropology professor at Goucher College. Turner returned to University College in 1946 with a new focus on anthropology. He later pursued graduate studies in anthropology at Manchester University.[1][2] CareerTurner worked in Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia) as research officer for the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute. It was through the position that Turner started his lifelong study of the Ndembu people of Zambia. He completed his PhD at University of Manchester in 1955. Like many of the Manchester anthropologists of his time, he also became concerned with conflict. He developed the new concept of social drama in order to account for the symbolism of conflict and crisis resolution among Ndembu villagers. Turner spent his career exploring rituals. As a professor at the University of Chicago in the late 1950s, Turner began to apply his study of rituals and rites of passage to world religions and the lives of religious heroes. He and his wife converted to Catholicism in 1958.[3][4] Turner explored Arnold van Gennep's threefold structure of rites of passage and expanding theories on the liminal phase. Van Gennep's structure consisted of a pre-liminal phase (separation), a liminal phase (transition), and a post-liminal phase (reincorporation). Turner noted that in liminality, the transitional state between two phases, individuals were "betwixt and between": they did not belong to the society that they previously were a part of and they were not yet reincorporated into that society. Liminality is a limbo, an ambiguous period characterized by humility, seclusion, tests, sexual ambiguity, and communitas.[2] Turner was also a committed ethnographer and produced work on ritual. He and his wife Edith L. B. Turner co-authored Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture (1978). DeathTurner died on 18 December 1983 in Charlottesville, Virginia. After his death, his widow Edith Turner embarked on her own career as an anthropologist. She developed upon Victor's "anthropology of experience" with a publication on communitas.[5] InfluenceAuthor Chuck Palahniuk was quoted in The Believer as saying, "So often what I’m doing is dramatizing the writings of Victor Turner, who wrote a lot about liminal and liminoid events."[6] Turner's work on liminality and performance has strongly influenced developments in the field of Performance Studies[7], particularly due to his friendship and professional collaboration with Richard Schechner with whom he explored the relationship between ritual and theater.[8] Victor Turner PrizeThe Victor Turner Prize in Ethnographic Writing is awarded annually by The Society for Humanistic Anthropology (SHA). Eligible works are "published books in various genres including ethnographic monographs, narratives, essays, biographies, memoirs, poetry, and drama."[9] Kirin Narayan's Storytellers, Saints and Scoundrels: Folk Narrative in Hindu Religious Teaching (1989) was the first Victor Turner Prize winner in 1990.[10][11] Publishing
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Turner |first=Edith |year=1990 |chapter=The Literary Roots of Victor Turner's Anthropology |title=Victor Turner and the Construction of Cultural Criticism |editor=Kathleen M. Ashley |pages=163–169. |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Indiana University Press}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Moore |first=Jerry D. |year=2012 |chapter=Victor Turner: Symbols, Pilgrims, and Drama |title=Visions of Culture |pages=224–234 |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=AltaMira Press}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Timothy Larsen|title=The Slain God: Anthropologists and the Christian Faith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQwbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA182|date=28 August 2014|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-163205-1|pages=182–198}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Bjørn Thomassen|title=Liminality and the Modern: Living Through the In-Between|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PDYfDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|date=6 May 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-10504-6|pages=78–80}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title = Communitas: The Anthropology of Collective Joy|last = Turner|first = Edith|publisher = Palgrave Macmillan.|year = December 2011|isbn = |location = New York|pages = }} 6. ^http://www.believermag.com/issues/201405/?read=interview_palahniuk_spanbauer 7. ^{{Citation|last=Companion Websites|title=Performance Studies: An Introduction - Victor Turner's Social Drama|date=2012-12-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pnsw5xFuXHE|access-date=2018-10-10}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/media/methods/performance.html|title=Performance and performativity - a method to study the media and how the abolition of slavery has been commemorated|last=York|first=Institute of Historical Research (IHR), University of London and Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past, University of|website=www.history.ac.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-10}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sha.americananthro.org/welcome/|title=Welcome! {{!}} Society for Humanistic Anthropology|website=sha.americananthro.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-23}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/narayan-k|title=Professor Kirin Narayan|last=Director (Research Services Division)|website=researchers.anu.edu.au|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-23}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sha.americananthro.org/sha-prize-winners/|title=SHA Prize Winners {{!}} Society for Humanistic Anthropology|website=sha.americananthro.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-23}} External links
10 : 1920 births|1983 deaths|Alumni of University College London|Alumni of the University of Manchester|Anthropologists of religion|Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism|Ethnographers|People from Glasgow|Social anthropologists|Symbolic anthropologists |
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