“Victory day of Bangladesh”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Victory day ({{lang-bn|বিজয় দিবস}} Bijôy Dibôs) is a national holiday in Bangladesh celebrated on December 16 to commemorate the victory of the allied forces over the Pakistani forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The Commanding officer of the Pakistani Forces General AAK Niazi surrendered with his forces to the joint forces of Bangladesh, which marked the end of the 9 month-long^[1] Bangladesh Liberation War and 1971 Bangladesh genocide and official secession of East Pakistan into Bangladesh.

History

In 1971 Bangladesh with the help of India fought the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan to become an Independent country,^[2] which resulted in the secession of East Pakistan from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan^[3] and established the sovereign nation called Bangladesh. The war pitted East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan, and lasted for a duration of nine months. One of the most violent wars of the 20th century, it witnessed large-scale atrocities, the exodus of 10 million refugees and the killing of 3 million peopleby the Pakistani armed forces.^[4]

On 16 December 1971, Lieutenant General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi, CO of Pakistan Armed Forces located in East Pakistan signed the Instrument of Surrender. The Instrument of Surrender was a written agreement that enabled the surrender of the Pakistan Eastern Command in the Bangladesh Liberation War, and marked the end of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in the Eastern Theater.^[5]

The surrender took place at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka on 16 December 1971. Lieutenant General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi and Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, Joint Commander of Indian and Bangladesh Forces, signed the instrument amid thousands of cheering crowds at the racecourse. Air Commodore A. K. Khandker, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, and Lieutenant General J F R Jacob ^[6] of the Indian Eastern Command, acted as witnesses to the surrender. Also present were Vice-Admiral Mohammad Shariff, commander of the Pakistani Naval Eastern Command and Air Vice-Marshal Patrick D. Callaghan of the Pakistan Air Force's Eastern Air Force Command, who signed the agreement. On behalf of Bangladesh, Air Commodore A. K. Khandker acted as witness to the surrender. Lieutenant normaly Jacob Rafael Jacob, Chief of Staff of the Indian Eastern Command, along with the other commanders of Indian naval and air forces, acted as witnesses on behalf of India. Aurora accepted the surrender without a word, while the crowd on the race course started shouting anti-Nazi and anti-Pakistan slogans.^[7]

In 1996, the Bangladesh Bank issued a 10 Taka note with an overprint commemorating Victory Day's Silver Jubilee (the 25th anniversary).^[8]^[9]

Recognition of Bangladesh

The Surrender of Pakistan Armed Forces marked the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War and the creation of Bangla Desh (later reduced to a single word). Most United Nations member nations were quick to recognize Bangladesh within months of its independence.^[10]

Celebration

The celebration of Victory Day has been taking place since 1972. The Bangladesh Liberation War became a topic of great importance in cinema, literature, history lessons at school, the mass media, and the arts in Bangladesh. The ritual of the celebration gradually obtained a distinctive character with a number of similar elements: Military Parade by Bangladesh Armed Forces at the National Parade Ground, ceremonial meetings, speeches, lectures, receptions and fireworks.^[11] Victory Day in Bangladesh is a joyous celebration in which popular culture plays a great role. TV and radio stations broadcast special programs and patriotic songs.^[12] The main streets are decorated with national flags. Different political parties and socioeconomic organizations undertake programs to mark the day in a befitting manner, including the paying of respects at Jatiyo Smriti Soudho, the national memorial at Savar in Dhaka District.^[11]^[13]^[14]

Events commemorating Victory Day

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |title=About us |website=Liberation War Museum |access-date=21 November 2011 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108013543/http://www.liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |archive-date=8 November 2011 }}
2. ^Library of Congress
3. ^Islamic Republic of Pakistan – The 1962 Constitution. Retrieved on 9 March 2013.
4. ^en, Samuel; Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs. Dictionary of Genocide: A-L. Volume 1: Greenwood. p. 34. {{ISBN|978-0-313-32967-8}}.
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/5312/Instrument+of+Surrender+of+Pakistan+forces+in+Dacca|title=Instrument of Surrender of Pakistan forces in Dacca|website=www.mea.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-01-09}}
6. ^Gen Jacob, the hero of the Bangladesh war, is no more – Daily Post India 13 January 2015
7. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20090823045047/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980203/03450744.html Of betrayal and bungling by Kuldip Nayar §(Google cache link)] – Indian Express 3 February 1998
8. ^http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/ASI/BDE/BDE0032.htm
9. ^Augustsson, T., Kudweis, M., Minikevicius, J., Murcek, D., Recher, J., Vostal, L., & Schmidt, T. (2018). Standard catalog of world paper money. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, a division of F W, A Content eCommerce Company.
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bdsdf.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=3072|title=The Recognition Story|publisher=Bangladesh Strategic and Development Forum|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725050939/http://www.bdsdf.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=3072|archivedate=25 July 2011|deadurl=yes|accessdate=17 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}
11. ^¹{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/victory-day-celebrations-photos-1505866|title=Victory Day celebrations in photos|date=16 December 2017|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-09|language=en}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/tv/victory-day-celebrations-channel-i-1505449|title=Victory Day celebrations at Channel i|date=16 December 2017|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-09|language=en}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/victory-day-today-1505698|title=Victory Day today|date=16 December 2017|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-09|language=en}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/victory-day-programmes-today-1330798|title=Victory Day programmes today|date=16 December 2016|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-09|language=en}}
15. ^{{cite book |last=Mazid |first=Muhammad Abdul |year=2012 |chapter=Bangladesh Bank |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangladesh_Bank |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Faces Same Problems |agency=Associated Press |publisher=Herald-Journal, via Google News |location=Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dWssAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yMwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5758,3396908&dq=bangladesh+constitution&hl=en }}
17. ^{{cite news | url=http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=197039:bdesh-hits-guinness-book-record-with-forming-largest-human-national-flag&catid=187:online-edition&Itemid=223 | title=B’desh hits Guinness Book record with forming largest human national flag | agency=The Independent (Bangladesh) | accessdate=16 December 2013}}
18. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/bangladeshis-form-worlds-largest-human-flag/ | title=Bangladeshis form world’s largest human flag | agency=The Daily Star (Bangladesh) | accessdate=16 December 2013}}