| 词条 | Victory in Europe Day |
| 释义 |
|holiday_name = Victory in Europe Day |image = Champs Elysées 8 mai 2015.JPG |imagesize = 300px |caption = VE Day 70th anniversary ceremony in Paris |nickname = {{hlist |VE Day |V-E Day}} |observedby = France, Czech Republic, Slovakia |significance = End of World War II in Europe |date = 7/8 May 1945[1] |relatedto = Victory over Japan Day, Victory Day }} Victory in Europe Day, generally known as VE Day (Great Britain) or V-E Day (North America), was celebrated on Tuesday, 8 May 1945 to mark the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces. The formal surrender of the German forces occupying the Channel Islands did not occur until the following day, 9 May 1945. It thus marked the end of World War II in Europe. The term VE Day existed as early as September 1944,[2] in anticipation of victory. On 30 April 1945, Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader, committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin. Germany's surrender, therefore, was authorised by his successor, Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz. The administration headed by Dönitz was known as the Flensburg Government. The preliminary act of military surrender was signed at 02:41 on 7 May in SHAEF HQ at Reims,[3] and the final document was signed on 8 May in Berlin. The former Soviet Union, Serbia, and Eastern Bloc countries have historically celebrated the end of World War II on 9 May; Israel marks VE Day on 9 May as well as a result of the large number of immigrants from the former Soviet Bloc, although it is not a public holiday. In Ukraine since 2015, 8 May is designated as a day of Remembrance and Reconciliation, but it is not a public holiday.[4] Celebrations{{multiple image| align = right | direction = vertical | width = 244 | image1 = Churchill waves to crowds.jpg | width1 = 244 | alt1 = | caption1 = Winston Churchill waving to crowds in Whitehall, London on the day he confirms that the war with Germany was over | image2 = VE DAY Piccadily 1945.jpg | width2 = 244 | alt2 = | caption2 = Crowds gathering in celebration at Piccadilly Circus, London during VE Day in 1945 | image3 = Wilhelm Keitel Kapitulation.jpg | width3 = 244 | alt3 = | caption3 = Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel signing the final surrender terms on 8 May 1945 in Berlin | image4 = Allied army positions on 10 May 1945.png | width4 = 244 | alt4 = | caption4 = Final positions of the Allied armies, May 1945. | image5 = 4 US MPs reading about German surrender army.mil-2007-05-07-132957.jpg | width5 = 244 | alt5 = | caption5 = United States military policemen reading about the German surrender in the newspaper Stars and Stripes | image6 = Wedding cake, Buckingham palace 'poppy drop' during the 50th year VE - VJ day celebrations. MOD 45137359.jpg | width6 = 244 | alt6 = | caption6 = Britain remembers the 50th anniversary in 1995 with a Lancaster bomber dropping poppies in front of Buckingham Palace }} Upon the defeat of Germany, celebrations erupted throughout the western world, especially in Great Britain and North America. More than one million people celebrated in the streets throughout Great Britain to mark the end of the European part of the war. In London, crowds massed in Trafalgar Square and up the Mall to Buckingham Palace, where King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, accompanied by Prime Minister Winston Churchill, appeared on the balcony of the palace before the cheering crowds. Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth II) and her sister Princess Margaret were allowed to wander incognito among the crowds and take part in the celebrations.[5][6] In the United States, the victory happened on President Harry Truman's 61st birthday.[7] He dedicated the victory to the memory of his predecessor, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had died of a cerebral hemorrhage less than a month earlier, on 12 April.[7] Flags remained at half-staff for the remainder of the 30-day mourning period.[8][9] Truman said of dedicating the victory to Roosevelt's memory and keeping the flags at half-staff that his only wish was "that Franklin D. Roosevelt had lived to witness this day".[7] Later that day, Truman said that the victory made it his most enjoyable birthday.[10] Massive celebrations took place in many American cities, especially in New York's Times Square.[11] Tempering the jubilation somewhat, both Churchill and Truman pointed out that the war against Japan had not yet been won. In his radio broadcast at 15:00 on the 8th, Churchill told the British people that: "We may allow ourselves a brief period of rejoicing (as Japan) remains unsubdued".[12] In America, Truman broadcast at 09:00 and said it was "a victory only half won".[13] Soviet Victory Day{{main|Victory Day (9 May)}}The instrument of surrender stipulated that all hostilities had to stop at 23:01 (CET), 8th of May, just an hour before midnight. Since it was already 9th of May in the European part of the USSR, most post-Soviet states, including Russia, as well as Israel (as a result of the large number of immigrants from the former Soviet Bloc -see above) commemorate Victory Day on 9 May instead of 8 May. Commemorative public holidays{{ref improve|section|date=May 2017}}(May 8 unless otherwise stated)
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title=BBC History: VE Day |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/events/ve_day |work=BBC Online |accessdate=3 May 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Douglas |title=VE Day |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=VE+Day |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate=12 March 2016}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Charles |year=1996 |title=Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 2 |location=San José, CA |publisher=R. James Bender Publishing |isbn=978-0-912138-66-4 |ref=harv |pp=285, 286}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Victory in Europe Day |url=http://www.officeholidays.com/countries/france/ve_day.php |accessdate=3 May 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://branches.britishlegion.org.uk/branches/dunmow/ve-day |title=Welcome to the Dunmow & District Branch of The Royal British Legion |publisher=The Royal British Legion |accessdate=22 March 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.simcoe.ca/Archives/Pages/V-E-Day.aspx |title=VE Day |website=www.simcoe.ca |publisher=County of Simcoe |language=en-US |access-date=5 May 2017}} 7. ^1 {{cite news |title=Victory Wreath From Truman Is Laid On Hyde Park Grave of War President |newspaper=New York Times |date=May 9, 1945 |page=15 |agency=Associated Press}} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Army Extends Mourning Period |newspaper=New York Times |date=May 12, 1945 |page=13 |agency=Associated Press}} 9. ^{{cite news |title=30 Days of Mourning For Roosevelt Ended |newspaper=New York Times |date=May 15, 1945 |page=4 |author=United Press}} 10. ^1 {{cite news |title=Truman Marks Birthday |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 9, 1945 |page=6}} 11. ^{{cite book | ref=harv | last=Telfer | first=Kevin | title=The Summer of '45 | year=2015 | publisher=Aurum Press Ltd | location=Islington | isbn=978 1 78131 435 7 | page=75}} 12. ^Telfer, p. 33. 13. ^Telfer, p. 76. 14. ^Public holidays in Slovakia 15. ^Ukraine to mark both May 8 and May 9 this year – deputy PM, Interfax-Ukraine (24.03.2015)) 16. ^Президент утвердил мероприятия по празднованию 70-й годовщины Победы и установил 8 мая Днем памяти и примирения {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429214937/http://www.president.gov.ua/ru/news/32538.html |date=April 29, 2015 }}, President of Ukraine (24.03.2015)) 17. ^Victory Day (9 May) External links{{Commons category|VE Day}}
4 : Aftermath of World War II|May observances|Victory days|1945 in Europe |
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