“Vienna, Virginia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Vienna ({{IPAc-en|v|i|ˈ|ɛ|n|ə}}) is a town in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, it had a population of 15,687.^[2] Significantly more people live in ZIP codes with the Vienna postal addresses (22180, 22181, and 22182) bordered approximately by Interstate 66 on the south, Interstate 495 on the east, Route 7 to the north, and Hunter Mill road to the west.

In August 2013, CNNMoney and Money magazine ranked Vienna, VA third on its list of the 100 best places to live in the United States. In addition to highly ranked public schools,^[5] its assets include a downtown with many small businesses, a Washington Metro station with large parking garages (the western terminus of the Orange Line) just south of the town, and a portion of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park hiker/biker trail cutting through the center of the town. Tysons Corner, a residential, commercial and shopping district, is nearby, as is Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts.

History

Non-native settlement in the region dates to ca. 1740. In 1754, prominent soldier and land owner Colonel Charles Broadwater settled within the town boundaries. Broadwater's son-in-law, John Hunter built the first recorded house there in 1767, naming it Ayr Hill (recalling his birthplace, Ayr, Scotland.) That name was subsequently applied to the tiny, developing community. The name of the town was changed in the 1850s, when a doctor named William Hendrick settled there on the condition that the town would rename itself after his hometown, Phelps, New York, then known as Vienna.^[6]

On June 17, 1861 a relatively minor but widely noted military engagement occurred there, the Battle of Vienna, one of the earliest armed clashes of the Civil War. A would-be Union occupation unit under Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck approached Vienna from the east by train but was ambushed and forced to retreat by a superior Confederate force led by Colonel Maxcy Gregg. Today, several historical markers in Vienna detail its Civil War history.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

The First Baptist Church of Vienna was founded in 1867, and the original church structure was built using Union Army barracks lumber obtained through the Freedmen's Bureau.^[12] This church building was also the town's first black public school. The first white public school was built in 1872. A permanent black elementary school was built, which was later named for its long-time principal, Louise Archer. Fairfax County Schools were completely desegregated by the Fall of 1965.^[13]

Robert Hanssen was arrested in Vienna in 2001 for spying for the Russian intelligence service (and previously the KGB). His home was outside the town but had a Vienna mailing address. He used dead drops in nearby Foxstone Park to deliver U.S. federal government secrets to his handlers, and to collect cash or diamonds in exchange. Hanssen was sentenced that year to serve multiple life terms in prison.

Geography

Vienna is located at {{Coord|38|54|N|77|16|W|type:city}} (38.8991, −77.2607), at an elevation of 358 feet (109 meters).^[4]^[14] It lies in the Piedmont approximately {{convert|5.5|mi|km}} southwest of the Potomac River.^[15]^[16] Wolftrap Creek, a tributary of nearby Difficult Run, flows north from its source in the eastern part of town. The Bear Branch of Accotink Creek, a Potomac tributary, flows south from its source in the southern part of town.^[16] Located in Northern Virginia on Interstate 66, Vienna is {{convert|12|mi|km}} west of Washington, D.C. and {{convert|2|mi|km}} northeast of Fairfax, the county seat.^[17]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.4 square miles (11.5 km²), all of it land. As a suburb of Washington, D.C., Vienna is a part of both the Washington Metropolitan Area and the larger Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. It is bordered on all sides by other Washington suburbs, including: Wolf Trap to the north, Tysons Corner to the northeast, Dunn Loring to the east, Merrifield to the south, and Oakton to the west.^[18] These communities are unincorporated, and portions of them lie in ZIP codes with Vienna postal addresses despite lying outside the town's borders.^[19]

Demographics

As of the 2010 census, there were 15,687 people, 5,528 households, and 4,215 families residing in the town. The population density was 3,565.2 per square mile (1,376.5/km²). There were 5,686 housing units at an average density of 1,292.3 per square mile (494.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 75.5% White, 12.1% Asian, 3.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 5.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.0% of the population.^[2]

There were 5,528 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84, and the average family size was 3.19.^[2]

In the town, the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 30.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males age 18 and over.^[2]

As of 2009, the median income for a household in the town was $113,817, and the median income for a family was $124,895. Males had a median income of $88,355 versus $66,642 for females. The per capita income for the town was $49,544. About 3.7% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.^[21]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Vienna is served by three high schools (Oakton, Madison, and Marshall), two middle schools (Kilmer and Thoreau), and seven elementary schools. However, of all the schools Vienna students attend, only four public and one private are actually within the town limits: Cunningham Park Elementary School, Marshall Road Elementary School, Louise Archer Elementary School, Vienna Elementary School and Green Hedges School.

Vienna has one independent school, Green Hedges, accredited by the Virginia Association of Independent Schools. Green Hedges has students from ages 3 through Grade 8. Founded in 1942, the School was relocated to the Windsor Heights area of Vienna in 1955.

Vienna is home to two Catholic elementary schools: St. Mark Catholic School and Our Lady of Good Counsel Catholic School.^[22]^[23]

The music program at James Madison High School includes a marching band, "The Pride of Vienna", and color guard, two symphonic bands, jazz band, orchestra, and chorus. The Crew team at James Madison has won many awards.^[24] The novice team has won states three years in a row^[24] In addition, the Women's Junior Eight of 2010 won second in the nation as well as Virginia States.^[24] Their Team sent all their boats but two, to the nationals in Saratoga.^[24] Their Varsity Baseball team has won 26 District titles, 6 Region titles, and 4 State titles (1968, 1971, 2002, 2015), led by Coach Mark "Pudge" Gjormand's 20-year run which produced 19 of the 36 titles (14 district/3 region/2 state). A water tower stating "Home of the Warhawks" can be seen towering over the school.

Thoreau Middle School shares a class with Joyce Kilmer Middle School (also located in Vienna) and Longfellow Middle School (located in Falls Church). Kilmer had accelerated programs for students that have passed certain aptitude tests, known as the Advanced Academic Program (AAP) program. This program has also been introduced into Luther Jackson Middle School. Kilmer also has a band and orchestra program, and recently started up a Science Olympiad and Chess Club program.

Close to Madison sit the seven elementary schools: Flint Hill Elementary (not to be confused with Flint Hill School, a private school in neighboring Oakton, Virginia), Louise Archer (which also has an AAP program), Marshall Road, Oakton Elementary (a feeder school into Oakton and Madison High Schools)^[25], Vienna Elementary, Wolftrap, and Cunningham Park. Each of these schools send graduates into Thoreau, Kilmer, Luther Jackson Middle School or Longfellow, and afterwards James Madison High School, Oakton High School (just outside Vienna on the border with Oakton, with a Vienna address), George C. Marshall High School (in the Falls Church area of Fairfax County), Falls Church High School (just outside Vienna in Merrifield) or McLean High School. Freedom Hill Elementary, which recently started an Advanced Academic program, sends graduates to Kilmer, and afterward to Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology or Marshall High School. Residents of Vienna who live along the town's border with Great Falls, VA also send graduates into Langley High School via Cooper Middle School. Because of the large influx of new residents in the last decade, the classes of '09, '10, and '11 at these regional high schools are expected to be the largest over the next ten years.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}

Public libraries

Transportation

Interstate 66 is the main highway serving Vienna. Access is provided via Exit 62 and Virginia State Route 243. In addition, Virginia State Route 123 runs through downtown Vienna.

Economy

Top employers

According to the Town's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the town are:^[30]

Notable people

Many of these residents live outside the town but in the Vienna postal delivery area.

Points of interest

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_51.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Mar 28, 2019}}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web | title = American FactFinder 2 | publisher = United States Census Bureau | url = http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml | accessdate = 2011-07-21}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102171206/http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia |archivedate=2015-01-02 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.viennava.gov/index.aspx?nid=335 |title=Town of Vienna, Town History |publisher=Viennava.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-04-07}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=1646|title=On June 17, 1861 Historical Marker|publisher=|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=26761|title=Civil War Action at Vienna Historical Marker|publisher=|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=1527|title=Civil War Star Fort Historical Marker|publisher=|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=54500|title=Cavalry Engagement near Hunter's Mill Historical Marker|publisher=|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=24865|title=Terror by the Tracks Historical Marker|publisher=|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fbcv.org/history.htm |title=First Baptist Church of Vienna Church History |publisher=Fbcv.org |date=1996-04-14 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/library/branches/vr/timeline3.htm |title=Timeline of Fairfax County History |publisher=Fairfaxcounty.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-05-14}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
15. ^{{cite web | title = Piedmont province | work = The Geology of Virginia | publisher = The College of William & Mary Department of Geology | url = http://web.wm.edu/geology/virginia/provinces/piedmont/piedmont.html | accessdate = 2011-07-22 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110807090340/http://web.wm.edu/geology/virginia/provinces/piedmont/piedmont.html | archivedate = 2011-08-07 | df = }}
16. ^¹{{cite web | title = Fairfax County Transportation Plan | publisher = Fairfax County Department of Transportation | date = October 2006 | url = http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/maps/images/maps/handouts/pdf07/TPM_020108v34.pdf | accessdate = 2011-07-22 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100714122520/http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/maps/images/maps/handouts/pdf07/TPM_020108v34.pdf | archivedate = 2010-07-14 | df = }}
17. ^{{cite web | title = Virginia Official State Transportation Map | publisher = Virginia Department of Transportation | url = http://www.virginiadot.org/travel/maps-state.asp | accessdate = 2011-07-22}}
18. ^{{cite web | title = Virginia: 2000 - Population and Housing Counts | publisher = United States Census Bureau | url = https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-3-48.pdf | date = October 2003 | accessdate = 2011-07-22}}
19. ^{{cite web | title = County of Virginia — Postal ZIP Codes | publisher = Fairfax County Department of Information Technology — GIS and Mapping Services Branch | date = July 2007 | url = http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/maps/images/maps/handouts/pdf07/ZIP_Codes_2007.pdf | accessdate = 2011-07-22}}
20. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web | title = Vienna town, Virginia — Selected Economic Characteristics: 2005-2009 | work = 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates | publisher = United States Census Bureau | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US5181072&-qr_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_DP5YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on | accessdate = 2011-07-21}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stmark.org/school/ |title=School |publisher=St. Mark |date= |accessdate=2013-04-07}}
23. ^{{cite web |accessdate=2014-01-06 |url=http://www.olgcschool.org/about-us/location-directions/index.aspx |title=OLGC School: Location & Directions |publisher=Our Lady of Good Counsel Catholic School |location=Vienna, Virginia}}
24. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.warhawkcrew.org/Home/tabid/112/Default.aspx |title=Brian Hetrick |publisher=Warhawkcrew.org |date= |accessdate=2013-04-07}}
25. ^https://www.fcps.edu/school-center/oakton-elementary-school
26. ^"Library Branches." Fairfax County Public Library. Retrieved on October 21, 2009.
27. ^"AMERICA ONLINE INC." The Washington Post. April 17, 2005. Retrieved on May 7, 2009.
28. ^"Tysons Corner CDP, Virginia." United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 7, 2009.
29. ^Sugawara, Sandra. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72288466.xml?dids=72288466:72288466&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+13%2C+1994&author=Sandra+Sugawara&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=America+Online+to+Reduce+Rates%3B+Firm+Faces+Subscriber+Boycott%2C+Pressure+From+Competitors&pqatl=google America Online to Reduce Rates; Firm Faces Subscriber Boycott, Pressure From Competitors]." The Washington Post. October 13, 1994. Financial B09. Retrieved on May 7, 2009.
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.viennava.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/4161 |format=PDF |title=Town of Vienna, Virginia Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2018 |first=Marion |last=Serfass |date= November 29, 2018 |accessdate=January 6, 2019}}
31. ^Alfred Dennis Sieminski biography, United States Congress. Accessed June 29, 2007.