- Reign Identity
- References Citations Sources
Adad-Nirari or H̱addu-Nirari,{{sfn|Novák|2004|p= 312}} was a king of Qatna in the 14th century BC. ReignAdad-Nirari is an Akkadian name.{{sfn|Van Soldt|2004|p= 19}} The king reigned for 45 years in the 14th century BC,{{sfn|Freu|2009|p= 19}}{{sfn|Pfälzner|2007|p= 34}} and was mentioned in the inventories of Ninegal, found in Qatna.{{sfn|Gromova|2012|p= 2}} A tablet from Qatna records him stationing an army of chariot archers in the city of Tukad, in Mount Lebanon.{{sfn|Pfälzner|2007|p= 34}}{{sfn|Richter|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=EVdsp3tbCC0C&pg=PA195 195]}} The name of his queen was Pizallum.{{sfn|Roßberger|2014|p= 204}} IdentityMichael Astour suggested identifying Adad-Nirari with Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše; a hypothesis supported by Thomas Richter,{{sfn|Gromova|2007|p= 300}} who believes that Adad-Nirari ruled Qatna through a šakkanakku (military governor) called Lullu, citing that the latter's name appears in the Qatanite inventories at the time of Adad-Nirari.{{sfn|Richter|2005|p= 124}} According to Richter, Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše ruled the second Syrian power after Mitanni,{{sfn|Richter|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=EVdsp3tbCC0C&pg=PA196 196]}} and was removed by the Hittites which gave Qatna back its independence.{{sfn|Gromova|2007|p= 301}} This theory is debated; the Shattiwaza treaty between Mitanni and the Hittites mentioned Qatna independently from Nuhašše during the Hittite king Šuppiluliuma I's first Syrian war; If Qatna was part of the Nuhaššite kingdom, its submission to the Hittites would not have been mentioned separately.{{sfn|Gromova|2007|p= 302}} Jacques Freu rejected Richter's hypothesis; citing different arguments, he concluded that Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše was a contemporary of Idadnda of Qatna who ruled during the first Syrian war, a successor of the Qatanite Adad-Nirari.{{sfn|Freu|2009|p= 21}} ReferencesCitationsSources{{refbegin}}- {{cite journal|url=http://docslide.net/documents/studia-orontica-vi.html|last=Freu|first= Jacques|editor-first= Michel|editor-last=Al-Maqdissi|year= 2009|title=Qatna et les Hittites|journal=Studia Orontica|publisher=la Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées de Syrie|volume=6|language= fr|OCLC=717465740|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/312386/Hittite_Role_In_Political_History_of_Syria_In_the_Amarna_Age_Reconsidered|last1= Gromova|first1= Daria|year= 2007|title= Hittite Role In Political History of Syria In the Amarna Age Reconsidered|journal=Ugarit-Forschungen|publisher=Ugarit-Verlag|volume=39|isbn=978-3-86835-001-2|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/1213937/Idanda_Archive_and_the_Syrian_Campaigns_of_Suppiluliuma_I_New_Pieces_for_the_Puzzle|editor1-first=Leonid|editor1-last=Kogan|first= Daria|last=Gromova|title=Idanda Archive and the Syrian Campaigns of SuppiluliumaI: New Pieces for the Puzzle|publisher=Eisenbrauns|year=2012|journal=Babel und Bibel|volume=6|isbn=978-1-575-06228-0|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/9782490/Novak_Qatna_Chronology|last=Novák|first= Mirko|year= 2004|title=The Chronology of the Royal Palace of Qatna|journal=Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant|publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press|volume=14|ISSN= 1015-5104|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/12281320/Archaeological_Investigations_in_the_Royal_Palace_of_Qatna_2007_|title=Urban and Natural Landscapes of an Ancient Syrian Capital. Settlement and Environment at Tell Mishrifeh/Qatna and in Central-Western Syria (Proceedings of the International Conference held in Udine9-11 December 2004)|chapter=Archaeological Investigations in the Royal Palace of Qatna|series=Studi archeologici su Qatna|volume=1|first=Peter|last=Pfälzner|editor-first=Daniele|editor-last=Morandi Bonacossi|publisher= Forum Editrice Universitaria Udinese|year= 2007|isbn= 978-88-8420-418-9|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title=General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 11/1|series=Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians|volume= 15|editor1-first=David I.|editor1-last=Owen|editor2-first=Gernot|editor2-last=Wilhelm|first=Thomas|last=Richter|chapter=Qatna in the Late Bronze Age: Preliminary Remarks|publisher=CDL Press|year=2005|isbn=978-1-883-05389-5|ISSN=1080-9686|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title=Ḫattuša-Boğazköy. Das Hethiterreich im Spannungsfeld des Alten Orients|series=Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft|volume= 6|editor1-first=Gernot|editor1-last=Wilhelm|first=Thomas|last=Richter|chapter=Šuppiluliumas I. in Syrien. Der 'Einjährige Feldzug' und Seine Folgen|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2008|isbn=978-3-447-05855-1|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/15991750/2014_Things_to_Remember_Jewellery_Collective_Identity_and_Memory_at_the_Royal_Tomb_of_Qa%E1%B9%ADna_in_Pf%C3%A4lzner_P._et_al._Hrsg._Contextualising_Grave_Inventories_in_the_Ancient_Near_East._Qatna_Studien_Suppementum_3_201-216|last=Roßberger|first= Elisa|editor-first= Peter|editor-last=Pfälzner|year= 2014|title=Things to Remember – Jewellery, Collective Identity and Memory at the Royal Tomb of Qaṭna|journal= Qaṭna Studien Supplementa: Übergreifende und vergleichende Forschungsaktivitäten des Qaṭna-Projekts der Universität Tübingen|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|volume=3: Contextualising Grave Inventories in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of a Workshop at the London 7th ICAANE in April 2010 and an International Symposium in Tübingen in November 2010, both Organised by the Tübingen Post-Graduate School „Symbols of the Dead“|ISSN=2195-4305|isbn=978-3-447-10237-7|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title="De mazzel" en Andere Zaken: de Verspreiding van de Mesopotamische Cultuur na 1500 v.Chr (Inaugural lecture: 20 Jan. 2004)|first=Wilfred H.|last=Van Soldt|publisher=Universiteit Leiden|year= 2004|language=nl|OCLC= 66587912|ref=harv}}
{{refend}} 2 : 14th-century BC rulers|Qatna |