| 词条 | Adal Kingdom |
| 释义 |
|native_name = Boqortooyadii Adal |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Adal |common_name = Kingdom of Adal |country = |era = |year_start = 9th century |year_end = 13th century |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |p1 = Somali city-states |flag_p1 = Near East - india 3.JPG |s1 = Sultanate of Ifat |flag_s1 = Ifat.png |date_start = |date_end = |event_start = Established |event_end = Decline |image_flag = |image_flag_size = |flag = |image_coat = |image_map = Adal Kingdom.png |image_map_caption = Approximate extension of the Kingdom of Adal. |national_motto = |national_anthem = |capital = Zeila |common_languages = Somali{{·}}Arabic |government_type = Monarchy |title_leader = |stat_year1 = |stat_pop1 = |stat_area4 = |population_density3 = |religion = Islam |currency = |today = {{flag|Somalia}} {{flag|Djibouti}} {{flag|Somaliland}} {{flag|Ethiopia}} }} The Kingdom of Adal (also Awdal, Adl, Adel)[1] was a Somali Muslim kingdom centered around Zeila. It was established by the local Somali tribes in the 9th century. Its capital and headquarters was Zeila, which attracted many merchants around the world, contributing to the wealth of the city. Zeila is an ancient city and it was one of the earliest cities in the world to embrace Islam.[2][3][4] Origins and historyIn the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi was an Armenian Muslim scholar and traveller in the 9th century wrote that the Kingdom of Adal was a small wealthy kingdom and that its capital, Zeila, served as the headquarters for the kingdom, which dates back to the 9th century.[5][6] Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn is believed to be born in Zeila during the Adal Kingdom period, with which he associated. Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn is a very famous Somalia saint.[7] He is believed to be the founder and ancestor of the royal family known as the Walashma Dynasty, which governed both the Ifat Sultanate and the Adal Sultanate during the Middle Ages.[8][9]References1. ^Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, Historical Dictionary of Somalia, new edn, African Historical Dictionary Series, 87 (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003), s.v. Awdal [p. 44]; {{ISBN|0810843447}}. 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://image.prntscr.com/image/OhfIs5KhR-yhBdrzIq922w.png|format=PNG|title=Image : The Travels of Al-Yaqubi|website=Image.prntsacr.com|accessdate=28 November 2018}} 3. ^Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, Historical Dictionary of Somalia, new edn, African Historical Dictionary Series, 87 (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003), s.v. Awdal [p. 44]; {{ISBN|0810843447}}. 4. ^M. H. Mukhtar, 'Adal Sultanate', in The Encyclopedia of Empire (Wiley, 2016), {{DOI|10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe145}}; {{ISBN|9781118455074}}. 5. ^{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 25|year=1965|publisher=Americana Corporation|pages=255|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=I.M.|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho|year=1955|publisher=International African Institute|pages=140|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ}} 7. ^Lewis, I.M. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=P5AZyEhMtbkC&pg=PA89&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false "Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society"], The Red Sea Press, Retrieved on 22 September 2015. 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I. M|title=Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society|date=1998|publisher=The Red Sea Press|page=89}} 9. ^{{cite book|author1=Nehemia Levtzion|author2=Randall Pouwels|title=The History of Islam in Africa|date=Mar 31, 2000|publisher=Ohio University Press|pages=242|language=English|quote=Aw Barkhadle, is the founder and ancestor of the Walashma dynasty}} 1 : History of Somalia |
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