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| 释义 |
| avijitmaityname = Vigo | settlement_type = | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Vigo_-_Galicia_-_Spain.jpg{{!}}Vigo seafront | photo2a = Casa_do_concello_de_Vigo,_Galiza.jpg{{!}}Vigo city center | photo3a = Pastorcaixanova.jpg{{!}}Vigo financial center | size = 266 | spacing = 2| position = center }} | image_caption = Vigo city | image_flag = Vigo bandera 2.png | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Vigo.svg | nickname = The Olive City | image_map = Location of Vigo.png | map_caption = Situation of Vigo within Galicia | pushpin_map = Spain Galicia | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Vigo within Galicia | coordinates = {{coord|42.231356|-8.712447|region:ES-GA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Spain | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous community | subdivision_name1 = Galicia | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Pontevedra | subdivision_type3 = Comarca | subdivision_name3 = Vigo | established_title = | established_date = | parts_type = Parishes | p1 = Santa María de Vigo | p2 = Santiago de Vigo | p3 = Freixeiro | p4 = Castrelos | p5 = Sárdoma | p6 = Alcabre | p7 = Navia | p8 = Comesaña | p9 = Coruxo | p10 = Saiáns | p11 = Oia | p12 = Matamá | p13 = Coia | p14 = Candeán | p15 = Cabral | p16 = Teis | p17 = Bembrive | p18 = Beade | p19 = Zamáns | p20 = Valadares | p21 = Lavadores | p22 = Bouzas | government_type = Mayor-council | governing_body = Concello de Vigo | leader_party = PSdeG-PSOE | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Abel Caballero | area_total_km2 = 109.1 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 0 | population_footnotes = INE | population_total = 292817 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 481268 | population_demonym = vigués (m), viguesa (f) olívico (m), olívica (f) | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 36200-36392 | area_code = +34 986 | website = {{URL|hoxe.vigo.org}} }} Vigo ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|iː|ɡ|oʊ}}, {{IPA-gl|ˈbiɣʊ|lang}}, {{IPA-gl|ˈbiħʊ|local}}, {{IPA-es|ˈbiɣo|lang}}) is a city and municipality adjoining the Atlantic Ocean in the province of Pontevedra in Galicia, northwest Spain. It is the capital of the comarca of Vigo and Vigo metropolitan area. Vigo is the most populous municipality of Galicia, the 14th in Spain, and the most populous Spanish municipality that is not the capital of a province. It has an area of {{cvt|109.06|km²}} and had a population of 292,817 in 2016. The city is located in the southwest of Galicia, in the southern part of Vigo Ria, one of Europe's rainiest areas. In the northeast, it borders the municipality of Redondela; in the east, Mos; in the south, O Porriño and Gondomar; and in the southwest, Nigrán. On the other side of its bay are the municipalities of Cangas and Moaña. They are all part of the southern Galician region called Rías Baixas. Vigo is just north of the border with Portugal; its nearest larger city is Porto, Portugal's second-largest city. Vigo and its metropolitan area are one of the region's primary economic agents. History{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2015}}In the Middle Ages, the small village of Vigo was part of the territory of Galician-speaking neighbouring towns, particularly Tui, and suffered several Viking attacks. However, its number of inhabitants was so small that, historically, it was not considered a real village until around the 15th century, when the earliest records began. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was attacked several times. In 1585 and 1589, during an unsuccessful attack by the English counter-Armada, Francis Drake raided the city and temporarily occupied it, burning many buildings. Several decades later a Turkish fleet tried to attack the city. As a result, the city's walls were built in 1656 in the reign of Philip IV of Spain. They are still partially preserved. At this time, and in spite of the attacks, Vigo developed its earliest commerce and was given several privileges by the kings of Spain. In 1702, the Battle of Vigo Bay occurred, and in 1719, because a Spanish fleet which departed from Vigo attempted to invade Scotland in support of the Jacobites, the city was occupied for ten days by a British force. In 1808, the French Army annexed Spain to the Napoleonic Empire, although Vigo remained unconquered until January, 1809. Vigo was also the first city of Galicia to be freed from French rule, in what is annually celebrated on March 28 as the Reconquista (reconquest from the French in the context of the Peninsular War). In 1833, the city of Pontevedra was designated the provincial capital. Vigo grew very rapidly in the 19th and 20th centuries. Continuous urban-planning changes left Vigo less structured than other Galician cities such as Pontevedra and A Coruña. {{Wide image|Vigo_y_su_ría_(5546327816b).jpg|1250px|align-cap=center|The city of Vigo, seen from the other side of the bay.}}ToponymVigo's urban area is built over both a hill-fort (Castro) and a Roman settlement. It is generally accepted that the name Vigo is derived from the Latin word vicus spacorum, meaning "small village". The standard pronunciation of Vigo in both Galician and Spanish is {{IPA-es|ˈbiɣo|}}. Vigo has been given the nickname cidade olívica (city of olives). It is said that, after the conflict between the Isabel de Castilla and Juana la Beltraneja—where Galician nobility fought for the latter—the victor ordered all of Galicia's olive trees to be cut down, as they symbolized peace. She couldn't uproot the tree in Vigo, however, because it was planted in sacred ground. The tree is represented in the city seal, and a descendant of it is still alive in Vigo's city centre. PopulationThe city of Vigo has 292,817 inhabitants (2016) with an extended metropolitan population of 481,268, making it Spain's 14th-largest metropolitan area. In 2010, 16,735 foreigners lived in the city, 5.6% of the total population. The main nationalities are Portuguese (16%), Brazilians (11%) and Colombians (7%).{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}} By language, according to 2013 data, 7.68% of the population speak exclusively in Galician, and 51.39% in Spanish; 11.38% speak in Galician more often than Spanish, and 29.55% more often in Spanish than Galician. This makes Vigo the least Galician-speaking city in Galicia.[1] GeographyClimateVigo's climate is usually classified as oceanic (Köppen climate classification Cfb); however, its summers tend to be warmer and drier, and its winters milder than most areas of similar classification. In actuality, with its noticeable drying trend in the summer, Vigo's climate is more similar to the variant of the oceanic climate commonly seen in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Substantial rainfall throughout the year prevents it from being classified as a Mediterranean climate, even though there is a drying trend in summer. The average annual temperature in Vigo is {{convert|14|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Compared to many other Galician towns, Vigo experiences warmer summer temperatures than A Coruña and milder winters than inland areas. This is due to its sheltered location, surrounded by mountains inland and the Illas Cíes out in the bay towards the sea.[2] The all-time record high for the city is {{convert|39.7|°C|0|abbr=on}} set on July 5, 2013.[3] Vigo is known for its extreme rainfall in winter. December 1978 saw {{convert|925.6|mm|in}} fall at the weather station in a single month.[4][5] During that month on 7 December, {{convert|175|mm|in}} fell on a single day.[6] Normal values for 1981-2010 was {{convert|1791|mm|in}} falling on just 129.2 days indicating heavy rain to be common.[7] The airport where values are taken is at a higher elevation than the city centre, which likely is warmer year-round. {{Weather box| location = Vigo {{small|(Vigo Airport 261m) (1981-2010)}} | metric first = yes | single line = yes |precipitation colour = green | Jan record high C = 21.8 | Feb record high C = 27.6 | Mar record high C = 28.0 | Apr record high C = 29.6 | May record high C = 33.6 | Jun record high C = 38.6 | Jul record high C = 39.7 | Aug record high C = 37.8 | Sep record high C = 36.0 | Oct record high C = 30.5 | Nov record high C = 24.5 | Dec record high C = 23.2 | year record high C = 39.7 | Jan high C = 11.9 | Feb high C = 13.2 | Mar high C = 15.7 | Apr high C = 16.6 | May high C = 18.8 | Jun high C = 22.5 | Jul high C = 24.4 | Aug high C = 24.7 | Sep high C = 22.8 | Oct high C = 18.8 | Nov high C = 14.9 | Dec high C = 12.4 | year high C = 18.0 | Jan mean C = 8.6 | Feb mean C = 9.6 | Mar mean C = 11.5 | Apr mean C = 12.4 | May mean C = 14.6 | Jun mean C = 17.9 | Jul mean C = 19.6 | Aug mean C = 19.8 | Sep mean C = 18.3 | Oct mean C = 15.0 | Nov mean C = 11.5 | Dec mean C = 9.3 | year mean C = 14.0 | Jan low C = 5.4 | Feb low C = 5.8 | Mar low C = 7.3 | Apr low C = 8.2 | May low C = 10.4 | Jun low C = 13.2 | Jul low C = 14.8 | Aug low C = 15.0 | Sep low C = 13.8 | Oct low C = 11.2 | Nov low C = 8.2 | Dec low C = 6.3 | year low C = 9.9 | Jan record low C = -4.0 | Feb record low C = -5.0 | Mar record low C = -3.0 | Apr record low C = -0.2 | May record low C = 2.0 | Jun record low C = 4.6 | Jul record low C = 7.6 | Aug record low C = 7.2 | Sep record low C = 5.0 | Oct record low C = 1.0 | Nov record low C = -0.8 | Dec record low C = -3.4 | year record low C = -5.0 | Jan precipitation mm = 208 | Feb precipitation mm = 162 | Mar precipitation mm = 141 | Apr precipitation mm = 157 | May precipitation mm = 127 | Jun precipitation mm = 62 | Jul precipitation mm = 44 | Aug precipitation mm = 45 | Sep precipitation mm = 102 | Oct precipitation mm = 231 | Nov precipitation mm = 246 | Dec precipitation mm = 262 | year precipitation mm = 1791 | Jan precipitation days = 14 | Feb precipitation days = 12 | Mar precipitation days = 12 | Apr precipitation days = 14 | May precipitation days = 12 | Jun precipitation days = 7 | Jul precipitation days = 5 | Aug precipitation days = 5 | Sep precipitation days = 8 | Oct precipitation days = 13 | Nov precipitation days = 13 | Dec precipitation days = 15 | year precipitation days = 129 | unit precipitation days = 1 mm | Jan humidity = 84 | Feb humidity = 78 | Mar humidity = 73 | Apr humidity = 73 | May humidity = 73 | Jun humidity = 71 | Jul humidity = 71 | Aug humidity = 71 | Sep humidity = 74 | Oct humidity = 81 | Nov humidity = 84 | Dec humidity = 84 | year humidity = 77 | Jan sun = 114 | Feb sun = 131 | Mar sun = 178 | Apr sun = 193 | May sun = 228 | Jun sun = 273 | Jul sun = 296 | Aug sun = 287 | Sep sun = 212 | Oct sun = 154 | Nov sun = 112 | Dec sun = 101 | year sun = 2269 | source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[8] | date = October 2014}} DistrictsVigo is administratively divided into 23 districts (parroquias), which are further subdivided into wards (barrios)
Metropolitan areaThe following towns are in the Vigo metropolitan area:
Main sights
Museums
Romanesque architecture of VigoThe municipality of Vigo is not only one of the major industrial cities in Galicia, but it is also one of the more important Roman centers of Pontevedra. Although within the city one will not find much Romanesque architecture, it can be seen a few kilometers away from the city center. In many of the municipality's neighborhoods and parishes a large number of Roman ruins remain. Such is the importance of the Roman remains in Vigo that many Spanish authors have come to coin the term Romanesque Vigo (románico vigués in Spanish). Vigo retains some interesting examples of Romanesque churches in southern Galicia:[9]
Beaches
TransportVigo is served by Vigo-Peinador Airport with flights to Lisbon, Dublin, Bologna, Milan, Paris, Rome, London, Edinburgh and several domestic destinations. A ferry service operates between the Port of Vigo and the towns of Cangas and Moaña as well as the Cíes Islands, 15 kilometres away from the city, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park, the only National Park in Galicia. European route E01 goes through the town. This highway goes south through Lisbon and north to the A Coruña area. The A-52 road goes inland, east to Ourense and Madrid from O Porriño. The Autopista AP-9 connect Vigo to Pontevedra, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña and Ferrol. The railway allows direct connections to Porto across the border in Portugal, and an AVE train station is being built in the centre of the city to connect the city to Spain's high-speed rail network. Urban transport is provided by buses by Vitrasa progestin. GovernanceThe city is governed by a mayor-council form of government. Following the May 24, 2015 municipal elections the mayor of Vigo is Abel Caballero of the Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG).[10] The city council ({{lang|gl|concello}}) is governed by the Socialists' Party of Galicia (17 councilors, to the People's Party of Galicia 7 and Marea de Vigo 3). 2015 local elections results
Economy{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2015}}Vigo is characterized by a diversified economy linked to the fishing sector, industry, trade, tourism and services. It is often considered the economic and industrial engine of Galicia. Significantly, Vigo was the municipality with the highest GDP in Galicia in 2013. Vigo is the leading industrial area in Galicia, with car factories, shipyards, and auxiliary industry in both automotive and marine sectors. Situated in Vigo is Galicia's leading employer, French factory PSA Peugeot Citroën since 1958, which in 2007 produced a total of 545,000 vehicles, of which more than 82% were sold outside Spain. In addition, Vigo has the largest fishing port in Europe and is the home port of the world's largest fishing company, Pescanova and the most important centre of the Galician canned fish industry. The headquarters of the European Fisheries Control Agency are also located in the city. The publishing industry in Galician is very prominent in the city, with Editorial Galaxia and Editorial Xerais among others. Vigo is also a major stop on the Portuguese Way path of the Camino de Santiago. Port of VigoThe Port of Vigo covers a length of more than 20 km and offers more than 9 km of docks. The largest port traffic is general freight, highlighting container traffic, RO-RO of vehicles (the second in Spain in Ro-Ro traffic for new vehicles), natural stone and granite (the first of Spain in granite traffic), wood and preserved food. EducationThe University of Vigo is situated in a mountainous area on the outskirts of the city. It is an important center for studies related to ocean-based industries. The university has other campuses in Pontevedra and Ourense. The campus of Vigo is a modern project of the architect Enric Miralles, 15 kilometers away from the city. Culture and lifestyleArts and entertainment"A movida viguesa" was a hedonistic cultural movement that took place in Vigo during the 1980s triggered by the explosion of liberties after the death of dictator Francisco Franco. The most important artists of this postmodern movement were musicians; particularly punk and new wave bands such as Siniestro Total, Golpes Bajos, Aerolíneas Federales, Semen Up or Os Resentidos. At the moment, the city still has notorious bands like Iván Ferreiro (ex-singer of Los Piratas) and Mon. The locally produced award-winning feature movie Mondays In The Sun (original title Los lunes al sol) depicts the life of several men who have lost their work at the Port of Vigo. This film is not based on a single individual's experiences but on the perceived collective experiences of many local port workers. MediaVigo has two daily newspapers; the Faro de Vigo, the oldest newspaper in Spain still in circulation, and the Atlántico Diario, a little local newspaper. There also exist a local edition of the Galician main headline newspaper "La Voz de Galicia". Vigo was also the main location of historic newspaper such as the nationalist weekly newspaper "A Nosa Terra", now defunct (published from 1977 to 2011). Vigo also has a several TV local stations: such as "Televigo" and "Localia Vigo". Radio coverage includes RNE —the Spanish public radio network—, Radio Galega —a Galician government-supported radio in Galician language—, and some private-owned stations ("Radio Vigo - Cadena Ser", "Radio Voz Vigo", "Radio ECCA", and so on). Around 2000s, several online news websites emerged (for example, "riadevigo.com") besides of the traditional media homepages. Vigo also participated in the Europeanwide free newspapers rush led by "Metro" and some free journals were published in 1990s and 2000s: "20 minutos", "Gaceta Universitaria", "Redacción Xove", etcetera. "España Exterior" is also printed in Vigo. SportsBasketballVigo has one of the most important women's basketball team in Spain, Celta, more commonly referred to today by its sponsorship name of Celta Indepo. They usually compete in the top league of women's basketball, having won the championship three times. For the season 2012-2013, and following a number of economic problems, the team will play in the Spanish women basketball second division. FootballVigo has a football team, Real Club Celta de Vigo, which (as of 2016–17) plays in La Liga. The women's team from the area, Federación Viguesa de Peñas Recreativas El Olivo, was the first team from Galicia to compete in the Women's Primera División.[13] Sailing{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2015}}The Rías Baixas offer an excellent environment for nautical sports. Institutions such as the Real Club Nautico de Vigo (RCNV), founded in 1906, and the Liceo Marítimo de Bouzas (LMB), founded in 1907, are good examples of promotion of the nautical sports, especially sailing. The RCNV organises important events like Atlantic Week, which in September 2006 included the World Championship of the Platu 25 class. Every August, the RCNV also organises one of the largest sailboat races in the Iberian peninsula: the Regata Rías Baixas. In 2006 more than 130 different boats participated. The LMB is a yacht club which counts around 400 associates. The LMB has a long and intense history of sailing and recreational fishing. The LMB organizes two important regattas in the Galician sailing calendar: the Regata Vila de Bouzas and a Regata de Solitarios y a Dos. The Regata Vila de Bouzas honours the neighbourhood where the LMB is located. The Regata de Solitarios y a Dos is sponsored by the firm Aister and is for crews of one and two members. It is a difficult race with two stages; the first consists of a race through the coastal bay of Vigo while the second stage is a longer race around the Cies Islands (and/or Ons Islands). The LMB has schools of sailing and fishing. Yearly it organizes a cephalopods fishing competition. Notable people
In popular culture
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}}Twin towns – Sister cities{{Refimprove section|date=March 2015}}Vigo is twinned with:
See also
References1. ^[https://www.ige.eu/web/mostrar_actividade_estatistica.jsp?idioma=gl&codigo=0206004&num_pag=12 Instituto Galego de Estatística]. 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.galiciaguide.com/Vigo-index.html |title=Vigo |publisher=galiciaguide.com |accessdate=17 November 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/eltiempo/observacion/ultimosdatos?k=gal&l=1495&w=1&datos=img |title=Vigo |accessdate=5 July 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=gal&l=1495&datos=det&x=1495&m=12&v=PMA|title=Extreme Values for Vigo Airport|publisher=Aemet.es|accessdate=22 July 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/relevmois-555-12-1978.php|title=Décembre 1978 á Vigo|language=fr|publisher=Météo Climat|accessdate=2 February 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=gal&l=1495&datos=det&x=1495&m=13&v=PMD|title=Extreme values for Vigo Airport|publisher=Aemet.es|accessdate=22 July 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1495&k=gal|title=Standard climate values for Vigo Airport|publisher=Aemet.es|accessdate=22 July 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1495&k=gal |title=Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010) |accessdate=}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Igrexas Romanicas en Vigo|url=http://sapiens.ya.com/rojea/romanico.htm|accessdate=2 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731223031/http://sapiens.ya.com/rojea/romanico.htm|archive-date=31 July 2008|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.farodevigo.es/gran-vigo/2011/05/23/abel-caballero-revalida-alcaldia-mejor-resultado-socialistas-veinte-anos/547254.html |title=Abel Caballero achieves the best results for the socialists in twenty years|publisher=FarodeVigo.es|date=2011-05-23|language=Spanish}} 11. ^Results compared with the combined results of United Left and the Galician People's Front in 2011. 12. ^Results compared with the results of Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) in 2011. 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fvigo%2F2011%2F12%2F08%2F0003_201112V8C10991.htm&act=url |title=Quiero que sepan que hay futuro en el fútbol femenino|publisher=lavozdegalicia.es. Retrieved 2011-12-09}} 14. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/aprende/enciclopedia/voz/azcarate-y-ristori-jose-maria/6cfe9a91-151a-433a-920c-8e9e6c6b549d|title=Azcárate y Ristori, José María|last=|first=|date=|website=Museo Nacional del Prado|language=es|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-26}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://jv.gilead.org.il/fpwalter/2/08.html|title=Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas|last=Verne|first=Jules|date=1871|publisher=J. Hetzel et Cie.|accessdate=2014-02-22}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf |title=International Relations of the City of Porto |publisher= 2006-2009 Municipal Directorate of the Presidency Services International Relations Office |accessdate=2009-07-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215200138/http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf |archivedate=February 15, 2010 }} External links{{Commons|Vigo}}{{wikivoyage|Vigo}}
5 : Vigo|Jules Verne|Municipalities in the Province of Pontevedra|Populated coastal places in Spain|Port cities and towns on the Spanish Atlantic coast |
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