“Adolf Hennecke”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Adolf Hennecke, (born 25 March 1905, Meggen, Westphalia, died 22 February 1975 in East Berlin) was an official of the German FDGB (Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund) and of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. He gave his name to the Hennecke movement, the German Democratic Republic's Stakhanovite activist movement.

Biography

Adolf Hennecke was the son of a miner, raised by his uncle after the death of his parents. Between 1919 and 1922 he worked as an apprentice salesman. From 1925, finding himself jobless during Germany's Weimar-era hyperinflation, Hennecke started work as a miner and moved in 1926 to Oelsnitz, Erzgebirge to work in the Saxon coal mines. In 1931, Hennecke joined the Revolutionäre Gewerkschafts-Opposition and, after the Second World War, the Social Democratic Party of Germany. In 1948, given his anti-nazi credentials, he was elected to the Trade Union Management Board and was a member of the Competition Commission of the mining company Steinkohlenwerk Karl Liebknecht, as well as the Board of Directors of the coal industry Union of People's Enterprises, or VVB.

Awards and Rewards

Adolf Hennecke, 43, was chosen to initiate a Stakhanovite activist effort in the Soviet occupation zone in imitation of the Soviet movement named after the Russian miner Alexey Stakhanov. The Lugau-Oelsnitzer coalfield was underperforming, producing less coal in 1948 than in 1938 and 8.8% less than the previous year.^[1]

The local labor management and party representatives sought to demonstrate that far higher production levels were possible. Hennecke obtained this assignment after the young miner Franz Franik refused to set such a performance record when extracting a layer of coal, fearing the reaction of his colleagues.^[2] At first, Hennecke too refused the task (because he was afraid of the reaction of his colleagues to such a norm-breaking effort) but finally he declared himself ready to try for a record performance. On October 13, 1948, the first anniversary of the 1947 implementation of the Soviet Military Administration's Order 234 reorganizing the economy on Soviet principles,^[1] Hennecke entered the Karl Liebknecht shaft of the Lugau-Oelsnitzer mine with two fellow SED members and a union representative and extracted in the course of a 13-hour shift more than 24.4 cubic meters of coal (instead of the 6.3 cubic meters norm) from a layer that Hennecke has prepared the day before.^[3] This volume represented 387% of the usual performance standard.^[4] As a reward, he received 1.5 kg of fat, three boxes of cigarettes, a bottle of brandy, 50 marks and a bouquet of flowers.^[5]

Hennecke Movement

Adolf Hennecke was held up as an example for workers in the GDR^[1] and his record became the trigger for the Hennecke activist movement in which the workers pledged to exceed production standards. The anniversary of Hennecke's mining performance was celebrated annually on 13 October by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.^[6] The first conference of the Hennecke movement took place on 4 and 5 February 1949 in East Berlin in the Staatsoper Berlin opera house.^[6]{{rp|42}} Among the topics of the conference were questions about wage increases and the expansion of the activist movement into a mass movement.{{cn| date=May 2018}}

Later Career

A year later, in 1949, Adolf Hennecke received the first prize of the National Prize of the German Democratic Republic, with a cash reward of 100,000 marks. In 1950, Hennecke was placed in charge of studies at the Freiberg Mining School,^[6]{{rp|42}} and in October 1950 Hennecke was elected to the Volkskammer.^[7]

Later Hennecke became a department head in the State Planning Commission of the GDR and was a member of the central committee of the SED until his death. In 1965 and 1970, he was awarded the GDR's Patriotic Order of Merit and in 1964 the Karl Marx Order.

Hennecke is buried at the Socialist Memorial at the Friedrichsfelde Central Cemetery in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin.

Works

References

1. ^¹²{{cite journal |first=François |last=Bafoil |title=Adolf Henneke, un stakhanoviste allemand ou les fondements de la RDA. |trans-title=Adolf Hennecke, a German Stakhanovist or the Foundations of the GDR |url= http://www.persee.fr/doc/cmr_0008-0160_1990_num_31_1_2199 |journal=Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique. [Articles on the Russian and Soviet world] |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=5-25 | date=January{{ndash}}March 1990 |access-date= 16 October 2016}}
2. ^ {{cite book | language = de | author1 = Gerhard Paul | title =Das Jahrhundert der Bilder 1900 bis 1949 |trans-title=The Century of Images 1900 to 1949 |location = | publisher= Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-3 -525-30011-4 }}
3. ^{{cite web |title = Adolf Hennecke |url=http://www.mesallemagnes.net/marda/1969/hennecke.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029235817/http://www.mesallemagnes.net/marda/1969/hennecke.htm |website = www.mesallemagnes.net |archive-date=2016-10-29 }}
4. ^{{cite web | date=22 May 2002 |first1=Rainer |last1=Gries |first2=Silke |last2=Satjukow | language = de | title = Von Menschen und Übermenschen | url=http://www.bpb.de/apuz/26965/von-menschen-und-uebermenschen?p=1 |access-date= 2010-07-18}}
5. ^{{cite book |language= de |first1=Silke |last1=Satjukow | title = Sozialistische Helden: Eine Kulturgeschichte der Propagandafiguren in Osteuropa und der DDR |page= 120 | location = | editor = Ch. Links Verlag | year = 2002 |isbn = 3861532719 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYvgp7AEAtkC&pg=PA120&lpg=PA120&dq=adolf+hennecke+zigaretten&source=bl&ots=3aGJ4MxmP4&sig=vFNA7bDDo9-7-rvAefqzUdjyRBQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=v=#0ahUKEwiMgfjCoofQAhXMbRQKHb6OCgEQ6AEITTALOnePage&q=%adolf%20hennecke20zigaretten&f=false }}
6. ^¹²{{cite book |language = de | author1 = Autorenkollektiv: Walter Ulbricht | title = Institute for Marxismus-Leninismus beim Zentralkomitee der SED: Geschichte der deutschen Arbeiterbewegung, Band 7, Von 1949 bis 1955 |page=13, 37 | location = Berlin | publisher = Dietz Verlag | year = 1966 | isbn = }}
7. ^{{cite web | language = de | title = Adolf Hennecke |url=http://www.ddr-geschichte.de/PERSONEN/Hennecke/hennecke.html |website=DDR-Geschichte.de |access-date=2010-07-18 }}