Vilcabamba may refer to:

• Vilcabamba, Peru, capital and last stronghold of the Neo-Inca state from 1539 to 1572
• Vilcabamba, Ecuador, town in the province of Loja in southern Ecuador
• Vilcabamba District, La Convención, one of eleven districts of the La Convención Province in the Cusco Region in Peru
• Vilcabamba mountain range, 85-kilometer mountain range in the Cusco Region of southern Peru
• "Vilcabamba" (short story), 2010 science-fiction story by Harry Turtledove

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